Reactive dye and disperse dye

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Reactive Dye and Disperse Dye

description

reactive dye and disperse dye

Transcript of Reactive dye and disperse dye

Page 1: Reactive dye and disperse dye

Reactive Dye and Disperse Dye

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Prepared By : Mazadul Hasan sheshirID: 201000040000813th Batch (session 2009-2013)Department : Wet Processing Technology Email: [email protected] : www. Textilelab.blogspot.com (visit)

Southeast University Department Of Textile Engineering

I/A 251,252 Tejgaon Dhaka Bangladesh

Prepared By :

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Chronology of Dye Companies

ICI Zeneca BASF

Mobay Miles Bayer

Hoechst

DyStar

Sandoz

SodyecoSandoz Clariant

Ciba + Geigy Ciba-Geigy Ciba

Crompton and Knowles Yorkshire

Sumitomo

DyStar

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Dyes Dyeing Condition (pH)Acid (Wool) 2-4, 4-6, 6-8 (depends

on types of dyes)Acid (Nylon) 4.5-5.5, 6-7 (depends

on types of dyes)Basic 3.5-4 Direct 7.0 Disperse (Polyester) 5-6Disperse (Acetate) 6.5-7.0Disperse (Triacetate) 4.5-6.5Reactive 7.0 (Exhaustion)

11.0 (Fixing)-------------------------

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Textile Auxilaries1. Salt - reduce negative charges on the fibers2. Water - dyeing media3. Soda Ash - excite the dye to link with the fibers with covalent bonding. Therefore, it enhances wet fastness4. Fixing Agent - enhance wet fastness for heavy shade but usually reduce light fastness.

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Textile Auxiliaries1. Leveling agent - for levelness dyeing2. Retarding agent - for inhibiting the dye not attach to fibers too fast3. Acid - adjust the dyeing condition and make the fibers to show negative charges4. Water - dyeing media

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Introduction to Coloration & Finishing

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Reactive Dyes

water-soluble compounds

give excellent wet-fastness

easy to hydrolized

Enough simple dyeing proses

Choice of more complete available colour

Good colour resilience

General Properties of Reactive dyes

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Permanency of the colour

Easy washing

Chemical Binding

Types of reactive dyes

Vinylsulphone Dye (VS)

Monochlorotriazine Dye (MCT)

Bi-functional Dye

Advantages of the Reactive Dyes

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1. Hot reactive dyes 

    Reactive dyes which  have low reactivity ( monochlorotriazin

faction )

    Example of : Procion  HE  type ( ICI ) , Begative  HE  type

( Colorindo )

2. Cool reactive dyes

    Reactive dyes which  have high reactivity ( dichlorotriazin faction )

    Example :  Procion MX type ( ICI )

Based on its reactivity , reactive dye divided 2 faction :

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Illustrating reaction which happened by at dyeing process between reactive dye with cellulose fibre

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Side Reaction

•Hydrolysis of dichlorotriazine

1.Results in wasted dye

2.Economic and environmental concern•Typically fixation of around 60% is obtained

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Dyeing Conditions

Time allowed for diffusion of dye into substrate‰ Concentration of dye in fiber is up to 500 times greater than in solutionAcidity difference creates ~25-fold excess cellulose anion

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Leaving Groups

Variation of substituents = variations in fixation‰ “Cold” dyes = fixation temperature of 30-40°C‰ “Warm” dyes = fixation temperature of 50-80°C‰ “Hot” dyes = fixation temperature of >80°C

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REACTIVE DYES

This is an entirely class of dye introduced to the market in 1956.

They react chemically with the fibre being dyed & if correctly applied, cannot be removed by washing or boiling.

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REACTIVE DYES

The main feature of the dyestuff is its low affinity to cellulose; therefore large amounts of salt are required to force its deposition on he fabric.

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REACTIVE DYES

After this has been achieved, addition of alkali causes the deposited dyes to react with the fibre.

Only a successfully concluded reaction guarantees a fast dyeing.

Basically there are two types of reactive dyes: the cold dyeing & hot dyeing types.

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REACTIVE DYES - USE:

Reactive dyes are used where bright dyeing with high light & wash fastness is required.

Cold dyeing is used extensively in batik work.

Although some reactive dyestuffs have been specially modified to dye wool, their main usage is in dyeing cotton linen & viscose rayon.

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REACTIVE DYES Cold water fibre reactive dyes, suitable for dyeing on cotton, silk, jute, rayon & hessian.

Cannot be used on synthetics or fabric that has been coated with resin or drip-dry finish.

Yellow 2GL

Golden Yellow 2RL

Orange 2R

Scarlet

Red BG (primary)

Red 4B (bluish red)

Red 8B (magenta)

Rubinole 5B

Brilliant Blue 2R

Brilliant Blue BL

Violet 2R

Turquoise 2G

Navy GRL

Brown 2R

Brilliant Green BL

Black B (blue base)

Black 2B (green base)

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DYES for SYINTHETIC FIBERS

Popular Dyes For Synthetic Fibers

Name of fibers Name of common dyes that are used

Polyester Disperse Dyes

Acetate (Cellulose acetate) Doesn't take dyes ordinarily. It requires cross dyeing.

Acrylic Disperse dyes

Modacrylic Fiber Reactive Dyes

Modal Fiber Reactive Dyes

Nylon Cationic Dyes, Acid Dyes, Disperse Dyes

Orlon Disperse Dye

Rayon Acetate Rayon Dyes

Saron RIT Dyes

Spandex Disperse Dyes

Vinalon Doesn't take Dyes (in normal condition)

Vinyon Doesn't take Dyes (in normal condition)

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Disperse Dyes

DISPERSE DYES FOR DYEING IS DIVIDED BY 3 FACTION :

1. Disperse dyes of the size molecule small

Example  :  Dispersol  B ( ICI )

2. Disperse dyes of the size molecule medium

Example  :  Dispersol  C ( ICI )

3. Disperse dyes of the size molecule big

Example  :  Dispersol  D ( ICI )

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Dye for Other Fibres:

Disperse Dyes for Polyester, Acetate

Cationic Dyes for Acrylic

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Classification of dyes

Dye Class

General descriptionMain application

Disperse Require skill in application (either by carrier or under high temperature); moderate price; complete colour range; limited solubility in water (normally dispersed in water for application); good fastnessafter reduction clearing treatment; sublimation property.

Mostly used for polyester& acetate; can also be applied on nylon & Acrylic.

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DISPERSE DYES

The introduction of a new regenerated cellulose acetate fibre in 1920 led to the necessity to develop an entirely new range of dyes.

It was found that acetate (or Celanese) fibre had hardly any affinity for water-soluble dyes.

A new dyeing principle was introduced: dyeing with water dispersed coloured organic substances.

These finely coloured particles are applied in aqueous dispersion to the acetate material & actually dissolved in the fibres.

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DISPERSE DYES - USE:

Basically developed for dyeing of acetate fibres, Disperse dyes are also used for dyeing of polyamide (Nylon) & acrylic (Orlon & Acrylan) fibres.

With the addition of 'carriers' or swelling agents these dyes are also used in dyeing of Polyester (Terylene, Dacron, etc.)

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Advantage and disanvantage:

1. Disperse dyes of the size molecule small  

-     Dyeing levelness very good

-     Hot resilience low

-     Temperature dyeing low ( economical energy )

-     Usable for dyeing 130 0C with very by good level

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2. Disperse dyes of the size molecule medium  

-     Dyeing levelness good

  -     Good colour resilience

-     Absorbtion dye into maximum fibre

-     Not sensitive to temperature and time

-     Accessible dye at characteristic temperature 130 C in a

short time

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3. Disperse dye of the size molecule big  

-    Resilience colour  to temperature very good

-    Sensitive to time and temperature

-     Need to process  reduction  clearing ( RC )

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Disperse Dyes for Polyester Dyeing Method

1. High temperature high pressure dyeing

dyeing at atmospheric pressure

Fixation 45 to 60 minutes at 120°C t0 130°C

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2. Carrier dyeing

carried out under atmosphere pressure by an addition of carrier

Fixation 90-120 min at 100°C.

3. Thermosol dyeing

continuous dyeing method

fixation dry heating for 60-120 sec. at 180- 210°C (depending on

the form of the material and type of disperse dyes)

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Dyeing of polyester/cotton blend

Three well known exhaust dyeing procedures :

(1) a conventional two bath procedure

(2) a reverse two bath procedure

(3) a one bath, multi step procedure

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(1) The conventional two bath procedure

1. first dyed with a disperse dye at pH 5-7 at 120°-140° C to dye

the

polyester.

2. removed from this first dye bath and transferred to a second dye

bath containing a fiber reactive dye, electrolyte and alkali.

(2)The reverse two bath procedure

1.first dyeing the cotton with the fiber reactive dye

2. dyed the polyester with the disperse dye in separate dye baths.

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(3) In the one bath multi-step procedure

1. a single dye bath is prepared and the cotton portion of the blend

is

dyed alkaline conditions low temperature the presence of

electrolyte.

2.The dye bath is then acidified to lower the pH and a disperse dye

is

added

the polyester portion of the blend is dyed at 120° C. to 130°

C.

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