REACTIVE CHEMICALS
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REACTIVE CHEMICALS
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NATURE OF THE HAZARD
GENERAL CATEGORIES:
1. REDOX REACTIONS
2. EXPLOSIVES
3. PYROPHORIC AND
WATER REACTIVE
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1. REDOX REACTIONS
a. General Chemistry Review
Definition / types
Example reaction / oxidation #’s
Oxidizing agents (oxidizers)
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b. Properties of Oxidizers
Increase burning rate of combustibles (redox rxn)
Involved in exothermic redox reactions
Decompose to O2 to support combustion
** Do not store oxidizers with combustibles
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c. Factors Affecting Redox Rxn Rate
Temperature
Pressure
Particle Size of Combustibles
d. Examples of Oxidizers
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PEROXIDES
General Formula (R-O-O-R)
Examples
Hydrogen Peroxide
Sodium Peroxide
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PEROXIDE FORMING CHEMICALS
See article by Nagel
Ethers
NITRIC ACID, NITRATES, NITRITES
Nitric acid
Gun powder
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AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS
Ammonium Nitrate
Primary use
S.S. Grandcamp Accident, Texas City, Texas, 1947 (see Nagel article)
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OXYGENATED HALOGENS
Oxygenated Chlorine
Perchloric Acid
Uses
Hazards
e. Examples of Reducing Agents
HYDRAZINE (N2H4)
Uses / hazards
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2. EXPLOSIVES
a. Definition
Substance that detonates spontaneously or as a result of friction, mechanical impact, or heat.
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b. Characteristics of Explosives
Rapid redox reaction
Products are simple (stable) gases
Very exothermic
Explain why shock wave created?
Atmospheric O2 often not required
Explosive substance contains both oxidizing agent and reducing agent
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c. Examples of Explosives
Nitroglycerin-
Nitrocellulose-
Trinitrotoluene (TNT)-
Picric Acid-
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3. Pyrophoric Chemicals
a. Definition
Substances that oxidize in air and ignite spontaneously.
Most are also water reactive.
b. Examples
Alkali Metals – Na, K
Powdered Metals- Al, Mg, Zn
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Properties of Sodium Metal
Rxn with O2
Rxn with water
Hazards
Comparison to reactions of K, Li
** Remember common precautionary measures and emergency procedures when handling reactives !!