REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

8-3

http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG

http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.html

Remember from CELL BIO

Enzymes for PHOTOSYNTHESIS are in the ________________CHLOROPLASTS

http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG

PHOTOSYNTHESIS HAPPENS IN CHLOROPLASTS

= sac-like photosynthetic = stack of thylakoidsmembranes inside chloroplast

THYLAKOIDSGRANUM (pl. grana)

Image from BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006

SPACESTHYLAKOIDSPACE

STROMA

cytoplasm

http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG

Gel-filled spaceInside the thylakoid

sac

Gel-filled space inside

chloroplast surrounding

thylakoid sac

Gel-filled space OUTSIDE chloroplast but inside the cell membrane

PHOTOSYNTHESIS HAPPENS IN CHLOROPLASTS

Proteins that are part of the thylakoidmembrane organize________________________________ into

clusters called _____________________PHOTOSYSTEMShttp://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG

Light absorbing PIGMENTS

LIVING THINGS NEED ENERGY CARRIERS

Molecule that carries= _______

Molecule that carries HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS

= ___________

ATP

NADP+

Images by Riedell

________ + _____ + _____ → ____________

HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS require a special carrier, too

____________ is oneof the carriers thatcells use to transporthigh energy electrons.

NADP+

2 e- H+

_______= nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

Frying pan image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Light-Dependent Reaction

Light-Independent

Reactions

Light & Water

Oxygen

ATP

NADPH

LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS

PHOTOSYSTEM II

ATP SYNTHASE

↓

↓

PHOTOSYSTEM I

ELECTRON TRANSPORTSYSTEM

↓INSIDE THYLAKOID SPACE

OUTSIDE THYLAKOID IN STROMAImage modified from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall

PHOTOSYSTEM II

It was discovered and named 1st

↓

↓

PHOTOSYSTEM I

WHY DOES PHOTOSYSTEM II COME BEFORE PHOTOSYSTEM I?

Image modified from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall

LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS

See an animation about the ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall

SEE A MOVIEATP SYNTHASEIN ACTION

http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/metabolism/atpsyn1.swhttp://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/metabolism/photosynthesis.swf

LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTIONRequires ______________Molecules are part of ________________Made up of __________________ connected by ______________________ & ___________________Uses light energy to change

ADP + P → _______NADP+ + 2e- + H + → _________

Breaks apart ______ molecules and releases _____________

LIGHT

ATP

THYLAKOID membranesPHOTOSYSTEMS II & I

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

NADPHH20

oxygen

ATP SYNTHASE

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Light-Dependent Reaction

Light-IndependentReactions

CALVIN CYCLE

Light & Water

Oxygen

ATP

NADPH

Carbon Dioxide Glucose

PHOTOSYNTHESIS OVERVIEW

Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Prentice Hall

CO2 Enters the Cycle

Energy Input

5-CarbonMoleculesRegenerated

Sugars and other compounds

6-Carbon SugarProduced

Calvin Cycle

See Calvin cycleanimation

CALVIN CYCLE (also called _________________________) ____________ require ____________

Happens in _________ between thylakoidsNADPH donates _______________

ATP donates _________________CO2 donates ______________

to make __________

LIGHT

LIGHT INDEPENDENT

ENERGY

STROMAHydrogen + electrons

Carbon & oxygenGLUCOSE

http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html

DOES NOT

Factors that Affect Photosynthesis____________________Water is one of the raw materials needed, soA shortage of water can ________________photosynthesis

AMOUNT OF WATER

http://www.hononegah.org/departments/Anderson/cactus.JPG

Desert plants and conifers that live in dry conditions have a waxy coating on their leaves to prevent water loss.

slow or stop

Factors that Affect Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis enzymes function best between 0° C - 35° C

At temperatures above or below

this range, photosynthesis will slow or stop

Conifers in winter may carry outphotosynthesis only occasionally

TEMPERATURE

http://www.sustland.umn.edu/maint/images/evergreen10.jpg

Enzymes work BEST at a certain ___ and __________.

Conditions that are TOO ACIDICor TOO HOT cause proteins to unwind or _________

pH temperature

DENATUREhttp://www.desktopfotos.de/Downloads/melt_cd.jpg http://www.nealbrownstudio.com/adm/photo/163_nb_fried_egg.jpg

REMEMBER CELL BIO

Denaturing changes the shape of the enzyme making it not work

Image from:http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCHEM2.html

HOMEOSTASIS (keeping pH and temperature constant) is important for maintaining enzyme function.

Factors that Affect Photosynthesis

____________________More light increases rate of photosynthesisup to a certain level until plant reaches itsmaximum rate of photosynthesis

LIGHT INTENSITY

See effect of light experiment

http://206.173.89.42/REALTYWITHALOHA_COM/piphoto/funny%20sun%20with%20sunglasses.gif

http://www.teachnet.ie/foneill/exper.htm

THE BIG PICTUREPHOTOSYNTHESIS providesthe _____________ we breathe and the __________heterotrophs (like us)consume to survive

_____________ + ____________ _______________ + ____________

Carbondioxide WATER Sugars Oxygen

OXYGENsugars

Go to Section:

Photosynthesis

includes

of

take place intakes place in uses

to produce to produce

use

Section 8-3

Concept Map

Go to Section:

Photosynthesis

includes

of

take place intakes place in uses

to produce to produce

use

Light-dependentreactions

Calvin cycle

Thylakoidmembranes Stroma NADPHATPEnergy from

sunlight

ATP NADPH O2 Chloroplasts High-energysugars

Section 8-3

Concept Map