Reaching the Bottom Jessie Conley. Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean. Average depth is 3,720...

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Reaching the Bottom Jessie Conley

Transcript of Reaching the Bottom Jessie Conley. Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean. Average depth is 3,720...

Page 1: Reaching the Bottom Jessie Conley. Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean. Average depth is 3,720 meters deep Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean.

Reaching the BottomReaching the Bottom

Jessie ConleyJessie Conley

Page 2: Reaching the Bottom Jessie Conley. Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean. Average depth is 3,720 meters deep Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean.

• Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean.

• Average depth is 3,720 meters deep

• Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean.

• Average depth is 3,720 meters deep

Page 3: Reaching the Bottom Jessie Conley. Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean. Average depth is 3,720 meters deep Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean.

How do we locate the bottom?

How do we locate the bottom?

Single Beam Sonar

Side Scan Sonar

Multibeam Sonar

Satellite Altimetry

Single Beam Sonar

Side Scan Sonar

Multibeam Sonar

Satellite Altimetry

Page 4: Reaching the Bottom Jessie Conley. Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean. Average depth is 3,720 meters deep Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean.

Single Beam SonarSingle Beam Sonar

Developed in 1920’s-30’s

Used for bathymetry mapping and determination of bottom type

Transducer sends out a signal and measures time to receive echo back

Developed in 1920’s-30’s

Used for bathymetry mapping and determination of bottom type

Transducer sends out a signal and measures time to receive echo back

Page 5: Reaching the Bottom Jessie Conley. Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean. Average depth is 3,720 meters deep Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean.

Single Beam SonarSingle Beam Sonar

Mapping restricted to

single line of data

Dark blue represents deeper regions

Mapping restricted to

single line of data

Dark blue represents deeper regions

Page 6: Reaching the Bottom Jessie Conley. Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean. Average depth is 3,720 meters deep Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean.

Side Scan SonarSide Scan Sonar

Developed in 1960’s

Bottom type determination

Sends out signals 90 degrees from sonar

Images made based on strength of reverberated signal

Developed in 1960’s

Bottom type determination

Sends out signals 90 degrees from sonar

Images made based on strength of reverberated signal

Page 7: Reaching the Bottom Jessie Conley. Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean. Average depth is 3,720 meters deep Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean.

Side Scan SonarSide Scan Sonar

Page 8: Reaching the Bottom Jessie Conley. Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean. Average depth is 3,720 meters deep Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean.

Multibeam SonarMultibeam Sonar

Measure the depths of the ocean

Multiple transducers send out pulses simultaneously

Uses Inertial Motion Unit for more accurate bathymetry mapping

Easier to navigate and gives wider coverage

Measure the depths of the ocean

Multiple transducers send out pulses simultaneously

Uses Inertial Motion Unit for more accurate bathymetry mapping

Easier to navigate and gives wider coverage

Page 9: Reaching the Bottom Jessie Conley. Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean. Average depth is 3,720 meters deep Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean.

Multibeam SonarMultibeam Sonar

Page 10: Reaching the Bottom Jessie Conley. Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean. Average depth is 3,720 meters deep Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean.

Locating the AlligatorLocating the Alligator

The Navy’s first submarine which sunk near Cape Hatteras

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRGW99QZoeE

The Navy’s first submarine which sunk near Cape Hatteras

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRGW99QZoeE

Page 11: Reaching the Bottom Jessie Conley. Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean. Average depth is 3,720 meters deep Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean.

Satellite AltimetrySatellite Altimetry

Quicker bathymetry mapping, but less accurate

The various bumps and ridges on the ocean surface mimic the ocean floor below them

Sends microwaves that hit the surface of the ocean and measures the patterns

Quicker bathymetry mapping, but less accurate

The various bumps and ridges on the ocean surface mimic the ocean floor below them

Sends microwaves that hit the surface of the ocean and measures the patterns

Page 12: Reaching the Bottom Jessie Conley. Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean. Average depth is 3,720 meters deep Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean.

Satellite AltimetrySatellite Altimetry

Page 13: Reaching the Bottom Jessie Conley. Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean. Average depth is 3,720 meters deep Over 71% of the earth is covered by ocean.

Satellite AltimetrySatellite Altimetry


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How low can we go? - Cenfri · 2019-01-29 · 3 For example, 71% of lives covered in Latin America and the Caribbean were covered for Life excluding Credit Life (source: The Landscape

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71% of the earth’s surface is covered by water, and …...71% of the earth’s surface is covered by water, and water makes up ~70% of the mass of a human body. • Water is a major

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