Re-examining knowledge production in EIA-J Welstead...• Callison, C (2014) How Climate change...
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Re-examining knowledge production in EIA Jean Welstead IAIA17, Montreal, 4 th April 2017 #IAIA17
Transcript of Re-examining knowledge production in EIA-J Welstead...• Callison, C (2014) How Climate change...
Re-examiningknowledgeproductioninEIA
JeanWelsteadIAIA17,Montreal,4th April2017
#IAIA17
WhoamI?
• EIApractitionernowstudyingforaPhD• Geographer,Environmentalsociologist• Situatedinceltic (Scottish,Welsh,Irish)climatechange,renewablesdiscourse
• Exploringthepotential(dis)connectbetweensocio-economicimpactassessmentandsocialresponsestorenewableenergyprojects.
Re-examiningknowledgeproduction
• HowhaveepistemologicalassumptionsinherentinEIAinfluencedthewayitisconducted?
• Doesthishavethepotentialtoinfluencethesocialresponsetoaproposedproject?
• Iwelcomeyourthoughtsandideasaspartofmyactionresearchstrategy!
ThinkingaboutEIA
• EIAstudieswhatexists• Seekstofullyexplainpotentialimpacts• Producesknowledge• Butseldomexplainsunderpinningphilosophiesandvaluejudgements
• Doesthismakeitlessaccessible?• Doesitinfluencesocialresponses?
RenewablesandClimateChange
• REdeploymentviewedascrucialtomitigateclimatechange
• Yetclimatesciencemaybequestioned• Climatemitigation/adaptationprojectjustificationmaybedisbelieved
• Socialconstructionofknowledge• WindfarmEIAsprovideagoodexample
WindfarmEIAs
• Aformofmeaningmanagement,forexample:– Contextualising (framing):co-texts,suchas,legislationorclimatechange;
– Ontologising itscharacteristics:makingitseemreal,throughimages,mapsandcarbonsavings;
– Neutralising criticism:producingknowledgethatisdifficulttorefute(Corvellec andRisbert,2007).
Butthiscanmeandifferentthingstodifferentactorsforexample:
Windfarm visualisation
Adifferentontologicalview!
ModelsofEIA
• EIAimprovingpracticeandprocedure• Limitedtheoreticalstudies• Roleofscienceimportant• Civicscienceapproach• Appliedscienceapproach• Bestbalancefordemocraticplanning?
SpectrumofPhilosophicalBeliefsandValues
EIAasappliedscience EIAascivicscience
Analyticalsciencemodel
Informationprovisionmodel
Environmentaldesignmodel
Participationmodel
Environmentalgovernancemodel
Increasingemphasisonstakeholderinvolvementandvaluejudgements
Increasingemphasisonnaturalscientificmethod
Cashmore(2004)
Keycharacteristics
Analyticalsciencemodel Environmentalgovernancemodel
1 Purposes. Informingdecisionsandenhancingscientificunderstanding.
Deliberativedemocracy
2 Typeandformofscience.
Applied,experimentalscience;naturalisticphilosophyofscience;prominentroleforecology.
Extensiveroleforsocialsciences;limitedrolefornaturalsciences.
3 Roleofsocialvalues.
Strictseparationoffactsandvalues.
Emphasisonsocialvalues; allinformationisaproductofsocialconstructs.
4 Levelofstakeholderinvolvement.
Informationprovisionorconsultation.
Delegatedpowerorcitizencontrol.
5 Commonterminology.
Systematic,comprehensive,quantitative,experimental,modelling,monitoring.
Emancipation,plurality,heterogeneity,equality,justice.
Cashmore(2004)
Haggett etal.(2016)
Climateimpactsassessment
• RevisedEIADirective(2014/52/EU) Scottishtransposition(May2017)assessmentof:
• theimpactoftheprojectonclimate(forexamplethenatureandmagnitudeofgreenhousegasemissions)i.e.MITIGATIONand
• thevulnerabilityoftheprojecttoclimatechange,i.e.ADAPTATION;
Keycharacteristics
Analyticalsciencemodel Environmentalgovernancemodel
1 Purposes. Informingdecisionsandenhancingscientificunderstanding.
Deliberativedemocracy
2 Typeandformofscience.
Applied,experimentalscience;naturalisticphilosophyofscience;prominentroleforecology.
Extensiveroleforsocialsciences;limitedrolefornaturalsciences.
3 Roleofsocialvalues.
Strictseparationoffactsandvalues.
Emphasisonsocialvalues; allinformationisaproductofsocialconstructs.
4 Levelofstakeholderinvolvement.
Informationprovisionorconsultation.
Delegatedpowerorcitizencontrol.
5 Commonterminology.
Systematic,comprehensive,quantitative,experimental,modelling,monitoring.
Emancipation,plurality,heterogeneity,equality,justice.
Cashmore(2004)
Exampleofcarbonmodelling
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Turbine life Backup Bog plants Forest felling
Soil organic carbon
Dissolved and
particulate organic carbon
Improved degraded
bogs
Improved felled
forestry
Restored borrow
pits
Stop drainage of foundations
Car
bon
Payb
ack
Tim
e (m
onth
s)
Carbon Payback Time using Fossil Fuel-Mix as the Counterfactural
Totalpaybacktimeofwindfarm (months)Expected Minimum Maximum
Fossilfuel-mix 40 35 52
Source:ScottishGovernment
Complexmeaningmanagement
• Climatechangeiscomplex• Climatescience”Facts”aretransformedintodifferentmeaningsdependingoninterpretativeframeworksandepistemologies
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The image part with relationship ID rId3 was not found in the file.
Callison,2014
Summary
• KnowledgeproductioninEIAisworthyofre-examination
• Citizenscience,actionlearning,knowledgeco-creation,communitiesofpracticemayallofferinsights
• SystematicreviewofSEIAsinEIAstotestthehypothesesofapplied/civicsciencemodels.
• TohelpdefineanappropriatescientificmodelforEIA
Thankyouforlistening
Any questions??
Contactdetails:JeanWelstead,SchoolofSocialandPoliticalScience,ChrystalMacmillanBuilding,15AGeorgeSquare,Edinburgh,EH89LD.Email:[email protected]
References• Callison,C(2014)HowClimatechangecomestomatter:thecommunallife
offacts. Durham,NCandLondon:DukeUniversityPress.• Cashmore,Matthew.(2004)Theroleofscienceinenvironmentalimpact
assessment:processandprocedureversuspurposeinthedevelopmentoftheory.EnvironmentalImpactAssessmentReview24403–426.
• Corvellec,H,andA.Risbert (2007)Sensegiving asmise-en-sens – Thecaseofwindpowerdevelopment.ScandinavianJournalofManagement,23,306-26.
• Haggett,C.,Coleman,R.,andHodges,J.(2015)'People,placeandcommunity:themissingchapter',ProjectreportpublishedbyCreativeScotlandandScottishNaturalHeritage.
• ScottishGovernmentcarbonmodel:http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Business-Industry/Energy/Energy-sources/19185/17852-1/CSavings
• Warren,C.andBirnie,R.(2009)‘Re-poweringScotland:WindFarmsandthe‘EnergyorEnvironment?’Debate’ScottishGeographicalJournal. Vol.125.No.2,June,pp.97-126.
• Yearley,S.,(1999)ComputerModelsandthePublic’sUnderstandingofScience:ACase-StudyAnalysis.SocialStudiesofScience,Vol.29,No.6(Dec.,1999),pp.845-866.SagePublicationsLtd.
