HUMAN FACTORS INORGANIZATIONAL DESIGNAND MANAGEMENT - VII

Re-Designing Work and Macroergonomics -Future Perspectives and Challenges

Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposiumon Human Factors in Organizational Design and Managementheld in Aachen, Germany, October 1-2, 2003

Edited by

Holger LuczakProfessor and DirectorResearch Institute for Operations ManagementChair and Institute of Industrial Engineering and ErgonomicsAachen University

Klaus J. ZinkProfessor and DirectorInstitute for Technology and WorkChair of Industrial Management and Human FactorsUniversity of Kaiserslautern

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2003IEA PRESSSANTA MONICA, CA, USA HANNOVER

UNIVERSITATSBIBLIOTHEK

Contents

PrefaceH. Luczak, K. J. Zink v

Mobile WorkplacesH. Luczak, I. Bruns and O. Oehme 1

A Historical Overview of MacroergonomicsH. W. Hendrick 11

Macroergonomics in Quality of Care and Patient SafetyP. Carayon 21

Organizational Culture for Patient Safety in Japanese HospitalsK. Itoh 35

An extended Framework forHumans, Technology and Organization in InteractionJ. Eklund 47

Technology in OrganizationsA. S. Imada 55

Corporate Social Responsibility Promoting ErgonomicsK. J. Zink 63

Section I Organizational Design

1.1 Organizational Design 73

Strategy Focused Supply Chain Design -Example from the Textile and Apparel IndustryR. Roesgen and P. Schiegg 75

Production Planning and Control in a Multi-Site Environment -Holistic Planning Concepts for the Internal Supply ChainT. Lucke and H. Luczak 81

Harmonization of ERP Systemsin Distributed Production Facilities -A Guideline for Defining the StrategyS. Lassen, T. Lucke andH. Luczak 87

Working Time and Redesign of Organizational Structuresin German HospitalsKlaus J. Zink and A. Blaudzun 95

Group-Based Pay Systems and its Effects on Team WorkA. Palva, K. Hulkko, A. Hakonen andN. Hakonen 101

Making the Employee Participation Fit the Change:Empirical Results on the Extent, Timing and Effectivenessof Participation Patterns in ManufacturingD. Kremer and H. Buck 103

Development and Testing of a Questionnaireon Motivation Potentials at WorkC. Ehrlich and K. J. Zink 109

Examining Inter-Group Cooperation, Competition and ConflictC. A. Yauch, B. Caniglia and H. Hariyono 115

Beyond Macro-Ergonomics:Impact of Ethical Leadership on Organizational OutcomesW. Hendrix and S. Hopkins 121

Resistance to Organizational Change - Comparing the Influenceof Motivational Variables and Group ClimateC. Antoni and T. Heinrich 127

1.2 Sociotechnical Systems 133

Ergonomics Approaches to Sociotechnical Design ProcessesO. Broberg 135

Development of Technical and Vocational Skillsby Understanding and Designing Sociotechnical SystemsM. Frenz 141

Coordination Mechanisms in Industrial Service OrganizationsG. Gudergan and H. Luczak 149

1.3 Management Systems and Qual i ty 155

Do Quality Programs Help to Improve Safetyin Construction Industry?P. Hoonakker, T. Loushine, P. Carayon and J. Kallman 157

A Study on Differences in University Administrative Assistants' Perceptions on Organizational Climate and Incentivesfor Transfer of Information Technology TrainingA. Rasli, H. MD. Som and S. Ramli 163

Implementing a Customer Relations Management Systemin a Public Transport EnterpriseP. von Mitschke-Collande 169

Excellence Models in the Public SectorK.J. Zink and F.Mosthaf 171

XI

1.4 Service Management 177

Framework for Modular Service PortfoliosV. Liestmann andj. Kuster 179

Approach for Designing and Distributing Servicesthrough StandardizationI. C. Morschel 187

Psychological Profiling in E-Banking ServicesG. Pravettoni and S. Bagnara 193

Forecasting Spare Parts Demand Basedon a Lifecycle Oriented Decision ModelH. Luczak and G. Loukmidis 199

1.5 The Disabled in Management and in Organizational Design 205

Disability Issues in PolandJ. Lewandowski and E. Gorska 207

Needs of the Disabled Concerning GettingAround in Urban AreasJ. Lecewicz-Bartoszewska, J. Lewandowski and A. Polak 213

Adjusting Work Stands to Individual Abilities of the Disabledin the Aspect of the Usable Space OrganizationA. Polak and J. Lecewicz-Bartoszewska 221

The Research on Application of the Packages for MedicinesUsed by the Elderly PeopleJ. Lecewicz-Bartoszewska and A. Polak 227

Section 2 New Challenges

2.1 Globalization 239

Globalization of Work and Management in New EconomyI. G. Durlik 241

Thinking Globally and Acting LocallyC. Fois and G. Souchard 247

An Empirical Study of New Service Development in Germany,Japan and USA - Skills for the Development of ServicesH. Keith and V. Liestmann 249

Mobile Factories - an Approach to Relocating Manufacturing Re-sources and Services of Globally Distributed Production LocationsJ. Spille 255

Increasing Cultural Diversity by Recruiting University GraduatesInternationally - A Study of Motives and Hindering Factors inGermany's Top 500 CompaniesM. Harms 261

2.2 Working in Networks 267

Small Enterprises and Freelancers in Networks: Forms of VirtualWork OrganizationF. van den Anker, E. Bamberg and C. Strasse 269

Management of IT Security within Inter-Organizational NetworksP. Laing and T. Forzi 275

Managing Partner Relationships inVirtual Organization NetworksA. Garg and P. Schiegg 281

Business Process Integration of Customer-Supplier-Relationshipsin Production NetworksR. Schumacher and M. Weidemann 287

Psychosocial Environment of TeleworkA. Najmiec 293

Enhancing Feedback and Information in Virtual Teams with aGroup Support SystemS. Geister, U. Konradt and G. Hertel 299

Binding Human Resources in Project Networks: TheoreticalConcepts and Empirical Insights from the TV IndustryS. Manning 305

Sharing Explicit Knowledge within aNetwork of Newspapers' Editorial OfficesK. Lahenius and E. Jarvenpaa 311

2.3 Collaborat ive Product and Process Design 315

Concurrent Engineering Projects -Cooperations in Integrated Product and Process DesignD. Kabel and T. Kabel 317

Prospective Job Design and Evaluationin Early Stages of Production System DesignS. Miltze-Niewohner and H. Luczak 323

Goal Awareness in Distributed Cooperative Work SettingsT. Licht, L. Schmidt and H. Luczak 329

Performance Measurement in R&DG. Schuh, J. Meier, M. Ropke and V. Witte 335

Quality-assured Design for Product Development andProduction Processes in Decentral SitesT. Pfeifer, T. Alper and T. Russack 341

Analyzing Process Design Using Ergonomic ConceptsL. I. Sznelwar and C. Estorilio 347

Safety Integration into the Design Process:How to Exceed the Normative and Sequential Approach?E. Fadier, C. de la Garza and M. Neboit 353

Participative Design of IT-System Implementation - Exemplifiedby Digital Production Planning in the Automobile IndustryH. Brau, H. Schulze, M. Weyrich and S. Haasis 359

Collaboration @ Work.Grid-enabled Collaborative Mobile Working EnvironmentsI. Laso Ballestros 365

2.4 Knowledge Management 371

The Interest of Employees in Knowledge Sharing: A TheoreticalFramework for the Integration of Motivation, Qualification andOrganization for Knowledge Management in NetworksS. Killich and M. Peters 373

A Knowledge Broker forInter-Organizational Knowledge ManagementT. Forzi, S. Killich, R. Schieferdecker, S. Mati and K. Winkelmann 379

How Knowledge is created in Software R&D Teams -Applying the SECI-Model to three Case StudiesL. Hamalainen and E. Jarvenpaa 385

Web Based Knowledge Management Community for Machine andPlant Construction Industries Technical After-Sales ServiceF. Kupsch, V. Liestmann and S. Mati 391

Describing and Modeling Information Flowin Expert CommunitiesB. S. Caldwell and S. K. Ghosh 397

Collective Competencies in Virtual OrganizationsN. Kokko, M. Vartiainen and M. Hakonen 403

Knowledge Management within Local Cooperative BanksP. Ohlhausen 409

Know-how Management - Mentoring as a Chanceto Store the Empiric Knowledge of elderly WorkersT. Stemann 413

Knowledge Sharing and Intellectual Capitalin Organizational NetworksE. Jarvenpaa and S. Immonen 419

Section 3 Information and Communication Technology

3.1 Human and Computers 423

A Draft Roadmap to Improvethe Current Definition of AccessibilityH.Weber 425

Improving Community Accessand Use of Geospatial Information SystemsB. S. Caldwell and M. Banner 429

Order Processing with Mobile DevicesA.MullerandT.Lucke 435

A Model of Red Team Performancefor Improved Computer SecurityP. Carayon, R. Duggan and S. Kraemer 443

How the Ergonomics Research Contribute to Product,Information, Interface and Environmental DesignA. de Moraes 449

Participatory Ergonomics and Software Quality:the SUQS MethodG. Caterina, E. Attaianese and G. Duca 455

Effects of Different User-Adaptive Help Systemson Task PerformanceA. Kunzer, M. Ziefle, A. Bodendieckn and H. Luczak 461

An Integrated Technology Modelfor Process Oriented ICT-PlanningA. Quadt and S. Bleck 469

3.2 Visual Display Units 475

Ergonomic Requirements and Value Analysis of AugmentedReality Head Mounted Displays for Production and ServiceO. Oehme and I. Bruns 477

Inclusive Design of a Tool to AssessHealth and Safety at VDU-Equipped WorkplacesH.Weber 483

Users with Body Heights Above and Below the Average:How Adequate is the Standard VDU Settingwith Respect to Visual Performance and Muscular Load?M. Ziefle 489

Development of an Intuitive User Interfacefor an Augmented Reality Welding ApplicationM. Park, B. Balazs, L. Schmidt and H. Luczak 495

XV

3.3 Usability 501

Design for All: User Characteristics to be consideredfor the Design of Phones with Hierarchical Menu StructuresS. Bay and M. Ziefle 503

Baby Carriers: How Instructions Can Affect SafetyC. R. Mont'Alvao 509

Ergonomics and Usability: Users' Safety and Comfort;Accidents Using Products; Instructions and WarningsA. de Moraes and C. N. Vaz de Melo 511

Section 4 Health, Health Care and Safety

4.1 Healtli and Safety 517

Postural Load Assessment: A Companion Strategy for ODAME. R. Vieira and S.Kumar 519

Health Hazard from Input Devices: The Diagnostics of MuscularLoad and Motor Performance RevisitedC. Sutter and M. Ziefle 525

Simulation Procedure for Prevention of Repetitive Strain InjuriesP. Ferreira, J. Correia and A. Sim5es 531

Measurement of a Standard Time Using PERTfor a Nuclear Reactor Overhaul Task and its Applicationto Determination of a Target Dose RateD. H. Lee 537

A Study of the Feasibility of the Design Processes -Using Blood Pressure Monitor as ExamplesP. Chi, R. Chen and I. McLaren 543

Safety Practitioner's Job Analysis:A Key to Understand Organizational SafetyS. Peeters, A. Garrigou, G. Peissel, F. Duarte and F. Chabut 549

Factors Influencing Implementationof Innovative Devices for BricklayersP. VinkandA. de Jong 555

Examining the Fundamental Attribution Errorin Workplace Safety ManagementE. A. Kapp 559

Occupational Healtli and Safety Management SystemAccording to Requirements of Polish StandardsL. Pietrzak 565

Hazard Labels: the Brazilian Semiotics Experts' EvaluationC. R. Mont'Alvao 569

Evaluating the Cycleway Signaling Systemin Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - 3 Years LaterC. R. Mont'Alvao 575

4.2 Health Care 581

Work System and Patient SafetyP. Carayon, C. Alvarado, P. Brennen, A. Gurses, A. Hundt,B. Karsh and M. Smith 583

A Macroergonomic Approach to Hand Hygiene andInfection Control in the Complex Work Environmentof a Modern HospitalC. J. Alvarado 589

Assessing the Implementation of the Chronic Care Modelin Quality Improvement Collaboratives:Does Baseline System Support for Chronic Care matter?S.-Y. Wu, M. L. Pearson, J. Schaefer, A. E. Bonomi, S. M. Shortell,P. J. Mendel, J. A. Marsteller, T. A. Louis and E. B. Keeler 595

Section 5 Education, Training, and Learning

5.1 Education and Training 603

The IFA-Production Trainer:A Full Scale Training System for Assembly WorkersP. Nyhuis and V. Grosse-Heitmeyer 605

Systematical Analysis of the Requirements for the Developmentof Competences in Order to Design an Advanced Training forFactory PlannersK. Lenzen and F. Lombardo 611

Requirements for Successful Skill Balancein International ComparisonD. Schroder and H. Luczak 619

The Effect of Working Conditions on Learning ProcessesK. Meszlery 629

The Integration of the Ergonomic Practicein the Enterprise by Training StudentsA. Tairi 637

Theoretical Considerations to Entrepreneurship EducationM. Soeding 643

SME Collaboration with Universities and Polytechnics - A Poten-tial for Company Growth through Human Capital DevelopmentS. Immonen and E. jarvenpaa 649

Implementation of an Online University Registration SystemD. Levi and R. Matteson 655

xvu

Self-Directed Learning and Discovery for Youth and CorporateEducation EnvironmentsE. C. Harris and B. S. Caldwell 659

The Challenge of Interdisciplinary Knowledge:Results of the WISA ProjectB. Vogel-Heuser, B. Diefenbach, G. Rott and E. Neuland 665

5.2 E-Learniug 671

Virtual Learning EnvironmentsS. Baksa, 1. Baksa and B. Mijovic 673

Virtual Interactive Training - Methods, Tools and Scenarios tomanage Complex Technical SystemsM. Schenlc, F. Blumel and S. Stilring 679

A Reevaluation of Criteria for theMalaysian Prime Minister's Quality AwardA. Rasli, H. MD. Som and S. Ramli 685

E-Learning in Computer Science - Evaluation of Benefits and Op-portunities of Module ReuseB. Vogel-Heuser and R. Zeipelt 691

Didactical Basic Concept of a University - Education Based onMultimedia to advance Decision Making and ResponsibilityM. Soeding and D. Grilbler 697

Design of an Integrated Conceptfor the Evaluation of the E-Learning Platform INTEGRAL IIB. Balazs, B. Kausch, L. Schmidt, G. Kettler,V. Steltenkamp and J. Witte 703

Improving Design and Usability of an Open SourceE-Learning Platform in Order to Enhance AcceptanceB. Kausch, B. Balazs, L. Schmidt, V. Steltenkamp, J. Witte andT. Hofmann 709

Development of a Computer-Based Learning Environmentfor Instruction in Occupational Safety and Health IssuesP. Kiltti and M. Koskela 715

Section 6 Job Design, Work Processes and Working Conditions

6.1 Job Design 721

Mapping of the Contents of Tasks by the Staffof a Small EnterpriseA. Vesala, H.-K. Rajala and K. Kisko 723

Adaptation of Prehensive Parts of Products and Toolsto the User's Hand: Research and Data for DesignJ. Lewandowski, J. Lecewicz-Bartoszewska and A. Polak 729

XV1H

Demographic Change Organizational Development, Job Designand Health in Small EnterprisesL. Packebusch 733

6.2 Improvement of Work Processesand Working Conditions in Industry 739

Initiation of an Evidence Based Process for Joint Optimizationof Ergonomics and Productivity in Engine AssemblyP. Neumann, M. Ekman Philips andJ. Winkel 741

Including EC-Directive based Ergonomic Risk Assessmentsinto Production SystemsK. Schaub 747

Indicators that Convince Management, Workers,and Supporting DepartmentsE. A. P. Koningsveld 753

Section 7 Future of (Macro-)Ergonomics

7.1 Future of Ergonomics 757

ODAM and BeyondS.Kumar 759

The Strategic Value of Ergonomics for CompaniesJ. Dul 765

Checklist for the Design of Participatory Projects in IndustryE. A. P. Koningsveld, N. Schoenmaker, S. Eikhout,D. Osinga and G. VanRhijn 771

Main Developments of Work Organization -A Literature Analysis Spanning the Last 15 YearsS. Hinrichsen, D. Rosier, J. Bregas and H. Luczak 777

7.2 Future of Ergonomics and Future of Macroergonomics 783

Macro- and Microergonomics and their Relation:A Literature ReviewK. J. Zink and T. Requadt 785

7.3 Enterprise Resource Planning Systemsand the Future of Work: Implications for ODAM 791

Macroergonomics and e-Work: An Initial AssessmentF. B. P. Moro and C. H. Davis 793

Section 8

Missed Opportunity: The Case ofEnterprise Resource Planning Software and Job DesignC. Hajnal and G. Grant 799

Just Another Three Letter Acronym?Viewing the Implementation and Use of Enterprise ResourcePlanning Systems Through a Lens of Overlapping StructuresC. Shepherd, C. Clegg and C. Cassell 805

Ergonomics in Developing Countr ies 809

A Model of Implementing Ergonomics Intervention ProgrammeTechnique (EIPT) in Industrially Developing Countries (IDCs) -Case IranF. HelaliandH. Shahnavaz 811

Clinical Measurement of Work-Environmental Health Effectsof Rubber Chemicals in Gangetic West Bengal, India -A Unique Enumeration of Cultural DiversityB. K. Sikdar 817

An Ergonomic & Anthropometries Studyof Iranian Primary School Children and ClassroomsE. Habibi and A. Hajsalahi 823

Assessment of Implementing Ergonomic Training Workshops(ETWs) at three Levels, the Success of Individual, Group andOrganization during Years 1995 to 2002 in Iranian IndustriesF. Helali and H. Shahnavaz 831

An Evaluation of Information Legibilityin Generic Drugs' Packages in BrazilC. R. Mont'Alvao 837

Environmental Quality of Living -

Approaches and Experiences from Poland 839

Simulation Models in Company ManagementZ.Wisniewski 841

Managing Service Quality with the Use of Project Quality PlansM. Rajkiewicz 847

The Evaluation of Human Factor in TQMM. SekietaandZ. Wisniewski 855

Training in the Area of Quality ManagementM. Rajkiewicz, A. Polak and M. Bielecki 861

Evaluation of Occupational Hazards in Polish EnterprisesK. Boczkowska 867

Section 9

XX

The Model of Environmental Management Evaluationin OrganizationK. Niziolek 873

Section 10 Organizational Design and Mangement -Ukrainian Aproaehes and Experiences 879

Organization of Preparation Managementand Publishing of Patent DescriptionsV. Kamyshin and Y. Chetvernya 881

Macroergonomic Approach to Control a Human-Machine SystemEffectiveness on the Basis of the Assessment and Predictionof a Human Fitness-for-WorkA. Burov and Y. Chetvernya 885

Semi-Markov's Model of Project by Man-Machine InteractionDuring Computer TrainingA. Asherov 891

Design of Operators Team Work while Trainingand Decision MakingB. Gerasimov, V. Kamyshin and A. Burov 893

Total Quality Management for Search ProceduresWhile Patent ExaminationO. Burova 899

Posters 903

Assertiveness as a Dominant Characteristicof Various Kinds of Occupational Activities: The Case of PolandM. Dobrowolska 905

Assessment of Stress and Strain Componentswith the Freiburg Monitoring System (FMS)M. Myrtek, F. Foerster and R. Piech 909

917

Keywords 919

Authors Index 925

Section 11

Appendix