Re-designing for change: A New surge for e-learning(?) Betty Collis Moonen & Collis Learning...
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Transcript of Re-designing for change: A New surge for e-learning(?) Betty Collis Moonen & Collis Learning...
Re-designing for change: A New surge for e-learning(?)
Betty CollisMoonen & Collis Learning Technology Consultants20 March 2007, Leicester, UK
It’s been a long journey…
And I’m glad it is not over!
Surges
billow: rise and move, as in waves or billows; "The army surged forward" soar: rise rapidly; "the dollar soared against the yen" rush: a sudden forceful flow a sudden or abrupt strong increase; "stimulated a surge of speculation"; "an upsurge of
emotion"; "an upsurge in violent crime"
an abnormally high voltage lasting for a short period of time an oversupply of voltage from the power company, lasting as long as several seconds. A
strong surge can damage electronic equipment
And in connection with education: the sudden displacement or movement of water in a closed vessel or drum see one's performance improve; "He leveled the score and then surged ahead"
Short-livedRise rapidly Aftermath
Snapshots from the journey
Surge 1: Computers for everyone!
Surge 2: Computer-aided communication for everyone!
Surge 3: The Web: Information access for everyone!
Surge 4: VLEs for everyone(?)
Surge 5: Learning objects for everyone!
Surge 6: Web 2.0 (the Participatory Web) for everyone!
Surge 1
Computers for everyone!
Revolutionize education
Replace the teacher
How? Educational software, intelligent tutoring systems, drill & practice, programming, computer literacy
Surge 1
Computers for everyone!Revolutionize educationReplace the teacherHow? Educational software,
intelligent tutoring systems, drill & practice, programming, computer literacy
Aftermath in education…Tool use was the software
winner (1st place: word processing)
Computers are ubiquitous and indispensable in home, work, play, business, society…everywhere except formal education
Why? Complexity and social nature of learning, programming too difficult
Surge 2
Computer-aided communication for everyone!The world becomes a global
village
Instant communication, anytime, anywhere
How? E-mail, discussion boards (forums), bulletin boards, chat
Surge 2
Computer-aided communication for everyone!The world becomes a global
villageInstant communication,
anytime, anywhereHow? E-mail, discussion
boards (forums), bulletin boards, chat
Aftermath in education:E-mail is ubiquitous but its
use is unstructured One-to-many
communication (see VLEs, Web sites)
Why not more use of discussion tools, personal reflection tools (blogs)? Management, assessment issues, perceived lack of relevance
Surge 3
The Web: Information access for everyone!Interconnectedness,
hyperlinking, non-linear, multi-media
Personal Web pages let anyone be a publisher
How? Browsers, servers, search engines, bookmarks, html editors
Surge 3
The Web: Information access for everyone!Interconnectedness,
hyperlinking, non-linear, multi-media
Personal Web pages let anyone be a publisher
How? Browsers, servers, search engines, bookmarks, html editors
Aftermath for education:Unstructured use of the Web is
ubiquitous, structured use in education tends to be limited to systems maintained by the organization (VLEs, administration systems, library systems, portals)
Why? Education is organized around linear, pre-structured material and events and assessment; Creating personal Web pages via programming is too complicated
Surge 4
VLEs for everyone (?)Definition: “a software
system designed to facilitate teachers in the management of their courses. The services generally include access control, provision of content, communication tools, and administration of user groups”
How? Costly organizational decision, not motivated by pedagogy
Surge 4
VLEs for everyone (?)Definition: “a software system
designed to facilitate teachers in the management of their courses. The services generally include access control, provision of content, communication tools, and administration of user groups”
How? Costly organizational decision, not motivated by pedagogy
Aftermath for education:(Almost) ubiquitous in higher
education; used predominately as bulletin board and content provision, perhaps for management of student submissions
Organizational decisions, not based on “winning hearts and minds”; relevance acknowledged for distance education
(Projected) Surge 5
Learning objects for everyone!Back to the ideas motivating
educational software in the 1980s but overcoming the access barriers
Quality-controlled content, “beads on a string” individualization
How? Metadata, ontologies, standards, national/international projects
(Projected) Surge 5
Learning objects for everyone!Back to the ideas motivating
educational software in the 1980s but overcoming the access barriers
Quality-controlled content, “beads on a string” individualization
How? Metadata, ontologies, standards, national/international projects
Aftermath for education:Turns out not to be a surge
after all…Little or no use in practice
Why? Based on a supply side view of learning; does not fit the complexity, social and personal aspects of learning and teaching, nor the organizational aspects
(Potential) Surge 6
Web 2.0 for everyone!“You control the Information
Age” (“You” are Time magazine’s Person of the Year in 2006); “Web 2.0 is all about empowering individuals”, “prosumers”
“You make it” (user generated content), “You name it together”(folksonomy), “You work on it together”, (crowdsourcing), “You find it” (the long tail)”
Example: An online book asks users to submit ideas
for each page/section.
Example: eMusic celebrated its 100-millionth music download by asking the group who recorded the song to write a song about the person who bought it. The song is available for free for a month.
Blog aggregators compile 1000s of related blog posts.
Video toolkits are freely available to help fans make their own movies with artifacts from existing movies.
Phone with digital camera and YouTube: surveillance system, spotlight, microscope, soapbox (65,000 new user-made videos uploaded each day)
Source: Time Magazine, December 25, 2006-January 1, 2007, Vol. 168, No, 26, p. 60.
Other names:Social software
Participatory Web
Collective authoring
Crowdsourcing
Blogger
Virtual Worlds (Second Life)
Users as experts
“An army of Davids”
Power to the People
“A tool for bringing together the contributions of millions of people and making them matter.”
“A massive social experiment with no roadmap”
Source: Time Magazine, December 25, 2006-January 1, 2007, Vol. 168, No, 26, p. 61.
(Potential) Surge 6
Web 2.0 for everyone!“You control the Information
Age” (“You” are Time magazine’s Person of the Year in 2006); “Web 2.0 is all about empowering individuals”, “prosumers”
“You make it” (user generated content), “You name it together”(folksonomy), “You work on it together” crowdsourcing), “You find it” (the long tail)”
Aftermath for education???Likely to be totally ignored in
formal education…But, maybe individuals can
have the same collective power to make a difference?
How: Re-designing for change
How can we start to tap this phenomena into education? By designing
assessed activities built around this philosophy and dynamic, and using its tools
How can we start to tap this phenomena into education?
By designing assessed activities in our courses built around this philosophy and dynamic, and using its tools
And how do we do this?
Put learner activity at the core of your course, activity based on “You make it” (user generated content), “You name it together”, “You work on it together”, “You find it” (the long tail)
A taxonomy for redesignBy designing assessed activities built around this philosophy, dynamic, and using its toolsTypes of activities
1.1 Find, contribute 1.2 Adapt or create, contribute
2. Build on contributions
2.1 Locate something
specific within contributions
2.2 Compare
and contrast,
contribute results
2.4.1 For one-time use, within the course
2.4.2 For multiple reuse, within, across
or outside of the course
2.3 Add to, update, extend
contributions
2.4 Combine
contributions to
create a product
Examples, Level 1
Types of activities
1.1 Find, contribute 1.2 Adapt or create, contribute
2. Build on contributions
2.1 Locate something
specific within contributions
2.2 Compare
and contrast,
contribute results
2.4.1 For one-time use, within the course
2.4.2 For multiple reuse, within, across
or outside of the course
2.3 Add to, update, extend
contributions
2.4 Combine
contributions to
create a product
Examples, Level 1
Find and contribute:
•Appropriate Weblinks or references to extend the study material
•Examples of concepts or issues
Do/Capture and contribute:
•Interview results
•Summaries of readings
•Questions that arise during project work and discussions
•One’s own reflections, concerns, ideas
•Video/audio clips
Examples, Levels 2.1-2.2
Types of activities
1.1 Find, contribute 1.2 Adapt or create, contribute
2. Build on contributions
2.1 Locate something
specific within contributions
2.2 Compare
and contrast,
contribute results
2.4.1 For one-time use, within the course
2.4.2 For multiple reuse, within, across
or outside of the course
2.3 Add to, update, extend
contributions
2.4 Combine
contributions to
create a product
Examples, Level 2.1 and Level 2.2
Use and reuse Level 1 contributions in order to:
•Find groupings and trends; visualize them in a concept map or other sorting scheme
•Identify particular contributions that best illustrate or extend the study materials
•Compare and contrast your own entry with those of others; identify similarities and differences
•Select key themes that emerge from the personal reflections or interviews and discuss
Examples, Level 2.3
Types of activities
1.1 Find, contribute 1.2 Adapt or create, contribute
2. Build on contributions
2.1 Locate something
specific within contributions
2.2 Compare
and contrast,
contribute results
2.4.1 For one-time use, within the course
2.4.2 For multiple reuse, within, across
or outside of the course
2.3 Add to, update, extend
contributions
2.4 Combine
contributions to
create a product
Examples, Level 2.3
Add to collections of:
•Frequently asked questions (with answers)
•Practice exam questions (with explanations)
•Index terms, glossary entries
•Weblinks (adding something that can update, expand upon or replace a previous entry)
•Add comments or extensions to previously submitted items (such as to Wiki entries)
Examples, Level 2.4.1
Types of activities
1.1 Find, contribute 1.2 Adapt or create, contribute
2. Build on contributions
2.1 Locate something
specific within contributions
2.2 Compare
and contrast,
contribute results
2.4.1 For one-time use, within the course
2.4.2 For multiple reuse, within, across
or outside of the course
2.3 Add to, update, extend
contributions
2.4 Combine
contributions to
create a product
Examples, Level 4.2.1
Contribute to a collection of:
•Hints and tips for others studying the same materials
•Resources for peer coaching during the course
•Case studies from participants’ own work and experience to be studied by others during the course
•Video/audio clips of interviews or examples to illustrate and extend the study materials
Examples, Level 2.4.2
Types of activities
1.1 Find, contribute 1.2 Adapt or create, contribute
2. Build on contributions
2.1 Locate something
specific within contributions
2.2 Compare
and contrast,
contribute results
2.4.1 For one-time use, within the course
2.4.2 For multiple reuse, within, across
or outside of the course
2.3 Add to, update, extend
contributions
2.4 Combine
contributions to
create a product
Examples, Level 2.4.2
Create a resource for use by others beyond only the course participants such as:
A resource collection for practitioners, available via the Web
A collection of information for a community or for local industry
Materials for students in local schools to interest them in an area of study
The result is the starting point of someone else’s learning
Types of activities
1.1 Find, contribute 1.2 Adapt or create, contribute
2. Build on contributions
2.1 Locate something
specific within contributions
2.2 Compare
and contrast,
contribute results
2.4.1 For one-time use, within the course
2.4.2 For multiple reuse, within, across
or outside of the course
2.3 Add to, update, extend
contributions
2.4 Combine
contributions to
create a product
Challenges: For learners, instructors, technical support, the organization
Hopefully, Surge 6
Web 2.0 for everyone!“You control the Information
Age” (“You” are Time magazine’s Person of the Year in 2006); “Web 2.0 is all about empowering individuals”, “prosumers”
“You make it” (user generated content), “You name it together”, “You work on it together”, “You find it (the long tail)”
Aftermath for education???
Individuals can have the collective power to make a difference
How: Re-designing for change
Prof. dr. Betty [email protected]
For more…
Collis, B., & Moonen, J. (2005). An on-going journey: Technology as a learning workbench. Available via http://bettycollisjefmoonen.nl