RDIVFGVIDRA 15 th WORLD FERTILIZER CONGRESS of the CIEC, Bucharest, ROMANIA, 29.08.-02.09.2010 The...

15th WORLD FERTILIZER CONGRESS of the CIEC, Bucharest, ROMANIA, 29.08.-02.09.2010

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The INFLUENCE of FOLIAR FERTILIZERS OBTAINED by

BIO-REFINING the PROTEIN BY-PRODUCTS from LEATHER INDUSTRY

on DEVELOPMENT and YIELDof EGG PLANT CROPS

Lăcătuş Victor1, Luminiţa-Nicoleta Cârstea1, Carmen Gaidau2, Mihaela Niculescu2, Emil Chiţu3, Laurenţiu Filipescu4

1)RDIVFG Vidra, 2)NRDITL Bucharest, 3)RDIFT Mărăcineni-Piteşti,

4)POLITEHNICA University Bucharest


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I N T R O D U C T I O N

Waste leather hydrolysates prove to be a valuable protein resource, possible to be converted to added value commercial products as soil amendments and plant fertilizers.

Chromium free protein fluids with amino acids content were obtained by using chemical and chemical-enzymatic hydrolysis of the waste leather.

These fluids could be used as good plants growth enhancers, if some proper foliar properties might be added on through mixing with other compound or foliar fertilizers.


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Our previous papers illuminate some particular ways to convey to these hydrolysis products specific foliar properties as: low surface tension, moderate viscosity and capacity to dissolve the usual macro and micronutrients and to penetrate leaf cuticular membranes.

Gaidau C, Ghiga M, Stepan E, Lacatus V, Cirjaliu-Murgea M, Ionita AD, Filipescu L, 2008, Emulsified foliar fluids from waste leather hydrolysis products, CEEX Conference 2008, Brasov, Research a way

to E.R.A., editors: Nicolae Vasiliu and Lanyi Szabolcs, ISSN 1844-7090, Ed. Teh, Bucharest;Gaidau, C., Ghiga, M., Stepan, E., Taloi, D., Filipescu, L., 2009, Additives and advanced biomaterials obtained

from leather industry by-products, Rev. Chimie (Bucharest), 60(5):501-507;

Also, some papers about growth enhancing, biostimulation and fungicide capacities of the basic formulation on which waste leather hydrolisates were grafted have recently published:

Chitu, V., Chitu, E., Marin, F.C., Ionita, A.D., Cirjaliu-Murgea, M. and Filipescu, L. 2010. Effects of foliar ecological products application on apple growth, yield and quality. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 868:409-416;

Chitu, V., Chitu, E., Nicolae, S., Ionita, A., Murgea Cîrjaliu, M., Filipescu, L., 2009. Relationships between shelf life, health and quality of apple fruit. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 825:539-546;

This paper continue the above studies with the field test, on eggplant crops, for several formulations of foliar nutritive fluids in which growth enhancing functions are carried by amino acids and peptides available in chromium free waste leather hydrolysates.


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P U R P O S E

Successful chemical approach of the protein hydrolysates turn into suitable intermediate for foliar nutritive fluids production has to proceed with the field trial run and plant growth efficiency evaluation at least for some convenient formulations.

This paper is reporting the studies undertaken for testing this new class of foliar nutrients through open field runs on egg plant species, according to customary and standard schemes accepted for the evaluation and homologation of the fertilizers and growth enhancers.

There were tested three products coming from the mixing of leather hydrolysates with macro and micronutrients and respectively, with the potassium overbasic naphthenates expected to bring on the specific foliar properties.


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FLOW CHART FOR OBTAINING THE BIOACTIVE PROTEIN ADDITIVES AND PROCESSING THE CHROMIUM SLUDGE

Leather waste

Alkaline agent

Alkaline hydrolysis

Collagen hydrolysate Chromium and protein

sludge

Filtering

Chromium and protein sludge

Protein hydrolysate

BiofertilizersFoliar properties carrier


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M A T E R I A LS and M E T H O D S

Experimental• Products formulation

The best results concerning crop production were observed for three products particularly formulated by strengthening protein hydrolysate with urea and micronutrients (B, Zn, Cu, Mo) and blending with potassium overbasic naphthenate aqueous solutions.

AMINOACIDS CONCENTRATION IN PROTEIN HYDROLYSATE*, %

GlycineAspartic

acidGlutamic

acidSerine Histidine Tyrosine Proline

0.32 0.039 0.043 0.057 0.023 0.24 0.33

* based on the total dermic substance


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COMPOSITION OF THE FOLIAR PRODUCTSUSED IN PLANT BIOFERTILIZATION

ComponentV1-

NUTRINAFT+AA

V2-NUTRINAFT

V3-AA V4

Overbasic potassium naphthenate-neutralized with formic acid, mol/l

0.66 - -

Control

(water)

Overbasic potassium naphthenate-neutralized with carbon dioxide, mol/l

- 0.8 -

CH, g/l 170.7 - 863.3

Urea, mol/l 2.22 2,63 2,25

MEA/TEA, mol/l 0.66 0.66 0.56

B, g/l 0.2 0.2 0.2

Zn, g/l 0.2 0.2 0.2

Cu, g/l 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mo, g/l 0.1 0.1 0.1


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Experimental conditionsapplied on eggplant lots during 2007/2008 season

CultivarPlanting out

dateSeedling age,

days*Plants density,

plants/m2

Foliar treatment dates**

Last harvest date

LUIZA09.05.2007/

12.05.200820 3

20.05.

05.06.

20.06.

05.07.

04.10.2007/

02.09.2008

*) Seedlings age: days from transplanting to planting in the field;**) Concentrated applied: 1 %.

LOCATION: flat fields inside the Sabar river meadow, 60 – 70 m altitude, 44° 15.6' north latutude, 26° 10.2' east longitude, VIDRA, Ilfov, 11 km south of Bucharest, Romania.

TYPE OF SOIL: mollic horizon of this area is made up by illuviated argilic chernozem soils, with loamy-clayey texture and moderately clay migration.

SYSTEM OF IRRIGATION AND FERTILISATION: a Netafim dripping fertigation, 1.8 l/h, at 30 cm;

SOIL FERTILITY STATUS: medium;


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The influence of foliar treatments on the green mass accumulation

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

g/p

lan

t

NN+AA NN AA Control

Stems

Leaves

Fruits

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

g/p

lan

t

42 57 72 99 128 148

Days after planting out

NN+AA

NN

AA

Control

In different part of the plant

The dynamic of green mass accumulation

NN+AA


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The influence of foliar treatments on the rate of green mass accumulation

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

g/p

lan

t/p

eri

od

42 57 72 99 128 148 Mean


NN+AA

NN

AA

Control


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The influence of foliar treatments on dry substance accumulation

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Dry

mas

s, g

/pla

nt

NN+AA NN AA Control

Stems

Leaves

Fruits

TOTAL

In different part of the plant and in total

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Dry

mas

s, g

/pla

nt/

per

iod

42 57 72 99 128 148 Mean


NN+AA

NN

AA

Control

The dynamic of thetotal dry mass

accumulation rate

AA


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THE INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR TREATMENTSON THE HARVESTING DYNAMIC

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

49-58 59-68 69-88 89-98 99-108 109-118 119-128 129-138 139-148

Harvesting period (days after planting out)

g/p

lan

tV1-NUTRINAFT+AA

V2-NUTRINAFT

V3-AA

V4-control

0

200

400

600

800

1000

44-81 82-95 96-116


g/p

lan

t

NN+AA

NN

AA

Control

2007

2008

Control


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THE INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR TREATMENTSON YIELD EVOLUTION

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

1,4

1,6

1,8

2

44-81 82-95 96-116

The period of harvesting (days after planting out)

kg/p

lan

tV1:NUTRINAFT+AAV2:NUTRINAFT

V3: AA

V4: Control

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

49-58 59-68 69-88 89-98 99-108 109-118 119-128 129-138 139-148


g/p

lan

t

V4: Control

V3: AA

V2: NUTRINAFT

V1:NUTRINAFT+AA

2007

2008

NN


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V1V2

V3V4

00,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

4,5

5

TREATMENTS (V1: NUTRINAFT+AA;V2: NUTRINAFT; V3: AA; V4: Control)

TREATMENT INFLUENCE on NUMBERand WEIGHT of FRUITS and PLANT YIELD

Meanw eight offruits-kgTotalyield-kg/plNumberoffruits/pl


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STATISTIC SEMNIFICATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR TREATMENTS ON THE NUMBER OF MARKETABLE FRUITS


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STATISTIC SEMNIFICATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR TREATMENTS ON THE MEAN WEIGHT OF FRUITS


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YIELD VARIATION DEPENDING OF YEAR FOLIAR APPLICATION, ON CONSTANT LEVELS OF APPLICATED PRODUCT


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STATISTIC SEMNIFICATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR TREATMENTS ON PLANT YIELDS


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C O N C L U S I O N S

All formulated and tested foliar products from this study were efficient for egg plant

crops

No significant green mass difference among foliar treatments, has been identified

The protein extract containing amino acids has a greater influence on the vegetative development

of plants during the second part of vegetation

Daily rate of green and dry mass accumulation decreased as follows:

AA> NN+AA>NN

Potassium overbasic naphthenate (NN) had a significant positiv effect on the fruit setting

No significance were found between mean weight of fruits

The highest yield was recorded at AA treatment, followed by the NN treatmentThe specific climate of the crop year had a

quantitative influence of the plant response to foliar applied

All the foliar containing amino acids originating from protein waste leather hydrolysis, or the

emulsified potassium overbasic naphthenate, or a combination of these can be used as growth

and development stimulators

There is a profitable opportunity both for leather industry and vegetable production

This innovative concept is a chance to turn back to the nature a waste, which otherwise

will come down as a polluter


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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Acknowledgment: The work was carried out with the financial support of CNCIS,

Program Idei, project 1035/2007

RDIVFGVIDRA 15 th WORLD FERTILIZER CONGRESS of the CIEC, Bucharest, ROMANIA, 29.08.-02.09.2010 The...

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