RCRA’s Reach to Consumer and Retail Products · 2017-10-17 · Kansas City Omaha Overland Park...

www.spencerfane.com Kansas City Omaha Overland Park St. Louis Jefferson City

RCRA’s Reach to Consumer and Retail

Products

2013 MWCC ConferenceJuly 1, 2013

WA: 43488471

A surprise for retail stores, warehouses, and distribution centers handling

household and consumer products


Overview

Retail Store and Warehouse Dynamics Storage and Disposal of Product/Wastes (RCRA)

Chemical Management (EPCRA and CERCLA); Air Issues (CAA); Water (Stormwater and POTW Discharges)

Health and Safety (OSHA); HazMat (DOT)

Enforcement – National & EPA Region 7 Considerations and Best Practices

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Why the Focus on Retail, Warehousing, and Distribution?

Nature of Activities Non-traditional manufacturing setting Use of contractors and sub-contractors and

responsibility for regulatory issues Proactive enforcement

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Retail Store and Warehouse Dynamics

Storage of large volume of chemicals and products

Difficulties in keeping on top of products and chemicals that are changing constantly

Obsolete and slow-moving products

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Retail Store and Warehouse Dynamics

Historically lower risk operations than industrial sites or manufacturing

Less staff than traditional manufacturing Knowledge base Operated by third-party vendors Segregated locations from company EHS

professional

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Retail Store and Warehouse Dynamics Ripe for confusion – different and complex

regulatory regimes, lists, thresholds EPA RCRA – “hazardous wastes” CERCLA – “hazardous substances” EPCRA – “extremely hazardous substances”

“toxic chemicals” and “hazardous chemicals” DOT – “hazardous materials” / “dangerous goods” OSHA – “hazardous chemicals”

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Contractors and Third-Party Vendors

Responsibility Contract provisions Staffing considerations Subcontractors and use of temporary staff Oversight

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Is it Product or is it Waste?

Returned products Damaged products Obsolete products Off-spec products Past shelf-life / efficacy Spills / releases (forklift damage, overturned

pallets)

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RCRA Ignitable Wastes (D001)

Characteristic – Flash point Aerosol cans Household goods and

consumer products Bathroom and kitchen

cleaners Furniture polish Carpet cleaners

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RCRA Corrosive Wastes (D002)

Characteristic – Corrosive Bleach Chlorine cleaners and

disinfectants Oven cleaners Degreasing agents

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RCRA Listed Wastes

Discarded commercial chemical products, off-spec, container residues, and spill residues

P-Listed: pharmaceutical residues in pill bottles, vials, blister packs, and wrappers

U-Listed: pharmaceutical waste

F-Listed: Spent solvents and solvent contaminated rags

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Management and Handling of Hazardous Wastes

Generator Status Infrequent / Periodic Generation

Container Storage Areas Containers Labeling Manifesting, Transportation, and Disposal

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And Don’t Forget…

Used Fluorescent Lamps Forklift batteries (and other

batteries) Used oil Used hydraulic fluids Rags and towels with solvent

(cleaning / housekeeping) Cleaning agents and degreasing

solvents 13


Pharmaceutical Waste as Hazardous Waste

EPA I.G. Report 2012 “widespread noncompliance in the healthcare industry”

P-Listed: coumadin® (warfarin), nicotine patches

U-Listed: lindane (lice/scabies treatment) Characteristic: (D009 toxic) mercury in

vaccines

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Chemical Storage and Management

Emergency Planning Notification Release Reporting Notification Hazardous Chemical Storage Toxic Release Inventory (TRI)

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Warehouse and Chemical Management Clean Air Act Issues

Refrigerant leak detection and repair for ozone depleting substances

Anhydrous ammonia Asbestos – Demolition and renovation

activities

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Stormwater and Water Protection

Stormwater Management Process wastewaters from warehouse and

distribution center operations SPCC Requirements

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Health and Safety

Fall protection Occupational exposures Adequate personal protective equipment Material handling and storage Lockout/Tagout

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Health and Safety

OSHA’s Multi-Employer Citation Policy OSHA Warehouse Enforcement Feb. 2012 (Pennsylvania) $283,000 penalty

May 2012 (Mass. and New Hampshire) Corrections required at more than 60 locations $400,000 civil penalty

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OSHA Inspections 2011(FY – 10/1/2010 to 9/30/2011)

Top 10 Most Frequently Cited1. Scaffolding (construction)2. Fall protection (construction)3. HazCom Standard4. Respiratory Protection5. Lockout/Tagout6. Electrical, wiring methods7. Powered industrial trucks8. Ladders (construction)9. Electrical systems design10. Machine guarding

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Top 10 Most Frequently Cited1. Scaffolding (construction)2. Fall protection (construction)3. HazCom Standard4. Respiratory Protection5. Lockout/Tagout6. Electrical, wiring methods7. Powered industrial trucks8. Ladders (construction)9. Electrical systems design10. Machine Guarding

Top 10 Highest Penalties1. Fall protection (construction)2. Scaffolding (construction)3. Lockout/Tagout4. Machine Guarding5. Ladders (construction)6. Excavations, requirements7. Powered industrial trucks8. General Duty Clause9. Electrical wiring methods10. Electrical systems design


DOT HazMat and FAA Transportation

HazMat “Dangerous Goods” Consumer Commodity ORM-D Lithium Batteries

FAA Enforcement K-Mart (2010) Nail polish and aerosol sun block $140,000 penalty sought by FAA

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National Enforcement

Wal-Mart – EPA (May 2013) - $82 Million RCRA – Civil penalty - $6.1 million FIFRA – Criminal Misdemeanor - $14 million CWA – Criminal Misdemeanor - $60 million

State of California Wal-Mart (2010)

$24.7 Million (penalty and SEP)

Target (2011) $22.5 million civil penalty and injunctive relief - 290 stores (Bleach, paints,

pesticides, aerosol cans, oven cleaners, automotive products, batteries, etc.)

CVS (2012) $13.75 million civil penalty and SEP (pharmacy waste, batteries, fluorescent

lamps, photo-processing waste)

Costco (2012)

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EPA Region 7 Enforcement and MDNR Enforcement

Wal-Mart (MDNR - Missouri) Return of herbicides and pesticides to third-party $1.25 million civil penalty and SEP, plus over $3

million in remediation of site Retail Store (EPA - Missouri) Abandoned, unclaimed, damaged goods from

commercial shipping operation Nearly $100,000 civil penalty

Warehouse (EPA - Kansas) Breakage and spillage at freight facility Over $50,000 civil penalty

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EPA Region 7 Enforcement

ChemCentral (Missouri)

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Criminal Enforcement EPA Region 7

Wal-Mart (Missouri) 2013 Greenleaf LLC (Missouri) Redistribution of consumer

product pesticides / herbicides: FIFRA

HPI (Missouri) Chemical and pesticide

manufacturer: RCRA, CWA, FIFRA

Individual criminal plea and Corporate criminal plea

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Considerations and Best Practices

Management and Handling of Hazardous Wastes Contracting Operating Procedures and Protocols Training Auditing and Compliance Evaluations

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Additional Resources From Environmental Law Solutions Improper Disposal of Consumer Products by Retailer

Leads to $82 Million Criminal and Civil Penalty for RCRA, FIFRA, CWA Violations http://www.spencerfane.com/environmental_law_solutions/blog.aspx?entry=349

EPA to Re-evaluate Regulation of Disposed Consumer and Retail Products as Hazardous Waste Under RCRA http://www.spencerfane.com/environmental_law_solutions/blog.aspx?entry=286

DOT Evaluating New HazMat Regulations for Reverse Logistics of Retail and Consumer Products http://www.spencerfane.com/environmental_law_solutions/blog.aspx?entry=151

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Q&A and Contact Information

Andrew C. BroughtSpencer Fane Britt & Browne LLP1000 Walnut, Suite 1400Kansas City, Missouri [email protected]

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RCRA’s Reach to Consumer and Retail Products · 2017-10-17 · Kansas City Omaha Overland Park...

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