RCA Discussion: Marginal Costing and RCA · RCA Discussion: Marginal Costing and RCA Larry R....
Transcript of RCA Discussion: Marginal Costing and RCA · RCA Discussion: Marginal Costing and RCA Larry R....
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RCA Discussion:
Marginal Costing and RCA
Larry R. White, CMA, CFM, CPA, CGFM
Executive Director
Resource Consumption Accounting Institute
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Resource Consumption Accounting
• RCA Inherits Core Principles from German
Cost Management (GPK)
– GPK is a Well Developed Standard Costing
System
– Principles Applied in Practice since the Late
1940’s
– Implemented by 3,000+ Companies
• RCA Creates an Integrated Economic
Model of Operations for Decision Making
– Enterprise Optimization
– Principle Based
– Superior Marginal Analytics
RCA
Resource view
Advantages
Process view
Advantages
GPK ABC
Capacity
Analysis and
Management
Process
Analysis and
Management
Capacity-
Focused
Activity-
Focused
What is Marginal Costing?
• Wikipedia: – Marginal Cost is the change in total cost that arises
when the quantity produced changes by one unit.
– Marginal Costing (under Cost Accounting): This
method is used particularly for short-term decision-
making. Its principal tenets are: – Revenue (per product) - variable costs (per product) = contribution
(per product)
– Total contribution - total fixed costs = total profit or total loss)
• Thus, it does not attempt to allocate fixed costs in an arbitrary
manner to different products.
A Closer Look
• What resource use (and costs) will change if
output changes?
• What you need to know: – Relationships within a process: What resources in the
value chain contribute to creating the output?
– Characteristics of the resources used:
• Which resources will need beefed up or reduced?
• What resource quantities have fixed and proportional
relationships with the change in output?
– Costs associated with the resource changes.
Consumption Concepts
Operational
Fixed Variable
Decision Support
Unavoidable Avoidable
Opportunity Cost
“Relevant Range”
Can be Modeled Basis for Action
Divisibility of Resource Information
Variability
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Machine A Machine B
Responsiveness
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Machine A Machine B
Responsiveness
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Product 1
Product 2
Product 3
Machine 1 Machine 2 Packaging
Supervisor
Labor
Supplies
Depreciation F
F
P&F
P&F
Supervisor
Labor
Supplies
Depreciation F
F
P&F
P&F
Supervisor
Labor
Supplies
Depreciation F
F
P&F
P&F
Electricity Floor Space
P F
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4
0.1
0.1
0.2
Fixed Rate per Machine Hr Proportional Rate per Machine Hr
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Plant Maintenance Resource Pool Output Measure: Maintenance Labor Hour
Output Quantity: 20,000 Hours
Primary Costs Fixed Proportional
Technician Wages -$ 600,000$
Supervisor Salary 80,000$ -$
General Material 12,000$ 100,000$
Depreciation: Shop Equipment 50,000$ -$
142,000$ 700,000$
Secondary Costs
Resource Pool Output Fixed Qty Prop Qty
Utilities MW-Hrs 40 160 6,000$ 24,000$
Activity/Process Driver Fixed Qty Prop Qty
HR: Benefits Adjustments # Adjusts 22 0 1,100$ -$
Purchase: Gen Materials # PO's 10 200 500$ 10,000$
7,600$ 34,000$
Total Resource Pool Costs 149,600$ 734,000$
Unit Cost Rates (/20,000 Hrs) 7.48 36.70
RCA Information
RCA Storyboard RCA Model Storyboard
Examples of RCA Information
Examples of RCA Information Copyright 2011 MESA North American
Conference
Examples of RCA Information Copyright 2011 MESA North American
Conference
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