Serway, raymond a physics for scientists and engineers (6e) solutions
Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One...
Transcript of Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One...
![Page 1: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
RaymondA.SerwayChrisVuille
ChapterTwoMotioninOneDimension
![Page 2: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Dynamics
• Thebranchofphysicsinvolvingthemotionofanobjectandtherelationshipbetweenthatmotionandotherphysicsconcepts
• Kinematics isapartofdynamics– Inkinematics,youareinterestedinthedescriptionofmotion
– Not concernedwiththecauseofthemotion
Introduction
![Page 3: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
QuantitiesinMotion
• Anymotioninvolvesthreeconcepts– Displacement– Velocity– Acceleration
• Theseconceptscanbeusedtostudyobjectsinmotion
Introduction
![Page 4: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
BriefHistoryofMotion
• SumariaandEgypt–Mainlymotionofheavenlybodies
• Greeks– Alsotounderstandthemotionofheavenlybodies– Systematicanddetailedstudies– Geocentricmodel
Introduction
![Page 5: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
“Modern”IdeasofMotion
• Copernicus– Developedtheheliocentricsystem
• Galileo–Madeastronomicalobservationswithatelescope– Experimentalevidencefordescriptionofmotion– Quantitativestudyofmotion
Introduction
![Page 6: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Position
• Definedintermsofaframeofreference– Achoiceofcoordinateaxes– Definesastartingpointformeasuringthemotion• Oranyotherquantity
– Onedimensional,sogenerallythex- ory-axis
Section2.1
![Page 7: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Displacement
• Definedasthechangeinposition–• fstandsforfinalandistandsforinitial
– Unitsaremeters(m)inSI
Section2.1
![Page 8: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
DisplacementExamples• FromAtoB
– xi =30m– xf =52m– Dx=22m– Thedisplacementispositive,
indicatingthemotionwasinthepositivexdirection
• FromCtoF– xi =38m– xf =-53m– Dx=-91m– Thedisplacementisnegative,
indicatingthemotionwasinthenegativexdirection
Section2.1
![Page 9: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Displacement,Graphical
Section2.1
![Page 10: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
VectorandScalarQuantities
• Vectorquantitiesneedbothmagnitude(size)anddirectiontocompletelydescribethem– Generallydenotedbyboldfacedtypeandanarrowovertheletter
– +or– signissufficientforthischapter• Scalarquantitiesarecompletelydescribedbymagnitudeonly
Section2.1
![Page 11: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
DisplacementIsn’tDistance
• Thedisplacementofanobjectisnotthesameasthedistanceittravels– Example:Throwaballstraightupandthencatchitatthesamepointyoureleasedit• Thedistanceistwicetheheight• Thedisplacementiszero
Section2.1
![Page 12: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Speed
• Theaveragespeed ofanobjectisdefinedasthetotaldistancetraveleddividedbythetotaltimeelapsed
– Speedisascalarquantity
Section2.2
![Page 13: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Speed,cont
• Averagespeedtotallyignoresanyvariationsintheobject’sactualmotionduringthetrip
• Thepathlengthandthetotaltimeareallthatisimportant– Bothwillbepositive,sospeedwillbepositive
• SIunitsarem/s
Section2.2
![Page 14: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
PathLengthvs.Distance
• Distancedependsonlyontheendpoints
– Thedistancedoesnotdependonwhathappensbetweentheendpoints
– Isthemagnitudeofthedisplacement
• Pathlengthwilldependontheactualroutetaken
Section2.2
![Page 15: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Velocity
• Ittakestimeforanobjecttoundergoadisplacement• Theaveragevelocity israteatwhichthedisplacementoccurs
• Velocitycanbepositiveornegative– Dtisalwayspositive
• Averagespeedisnotthesameastheaveragevelocity
Section2.2
![Page 16: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Velocitycontinued
• Directionwillbethesameasthedirectionofthedisplacement,+or- issufficientinone-dimensionalmotion
• Unitsofvelocityarem/s(SI)– Otherunitsmaybegiveninaproblem,butgenerallywillneedtobeconvertedtothese
– Inothersystems:• USCustomary:ft/s• cgs:cm/s
Section2.2
![Page 17: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Speedvs.Velocity
• Carsonbothpathshavethesameaveragevelocitysincetheyhadthesamedisplacementinthesametimeinterval
• Thecaronthebluepathwillhaveagreateraveragespeedsincethepathlengthittraveledislarger
Section2.2
![Page 18: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
GraphicalInterpretationofVelocity
• Velocitycanbedeterminedfromaposition-timegraph
• Averagevelocityequalstheslopeofthelinejoiningtheinitialandfinalpointsonthegraph
• Anobjectmovingwithaconstantvelocitywillhaveagraphthatisastraightline
Section2.2
![Page 19: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
AverageVelocity,Constant
• Thestraightlineindicatesconstantvelocity
• Theslopeofthelineisthevalueoftheaveragevelocity
![Page 20: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
NotesonSlopes
• Thegeneralequationfortheslopeofanylineis
– Themeaningofaspecificslopewilldependonthephysicaldatabeinggraphed
• Slopecarriesunits
Section2.2
![Page 21: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
AverageVelocity,NonConstant
• Themotionisnon-constantvelocity
• Theaveragevelocityistheslopeofthestraightlinejoiningtheinitialandfinalpoints
Section2.2
![Page 22: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
InstantaneousVelocity
• Thelimitoftheaveragevelocityasthetimeintervalbecomesinfinitesimallyshort,orasthetimeintervalapproacheszero
• Theinstantaneousvelocityindicateswhatishappeningateverypointoftime– Themagnitudeoftheinstantaneousvelocityiswhatyoureadonacar’sspeedometer
Section2.2
![Page 23: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
InstantaneousVelocityonaGraph
• Theslopeofthelinetangenttothepositionvs.timegraphisdefinedtobetheinstantaneousvelocityatthattime– Theinstantaneousspeedisdefinedasthemagnitudeoftheinstantaneousvelocity
Section2.2
![Page 24: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
GraphicalInstantaneousVelocity
• Averagevelocitiesarethebluelines
• Thegreenline(tangent)istheinstantaneousvelocity
Section2.2
![Page 25: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Acceleration
• Changingvelocitymeansanaccelerationispresent
• Accelerationistherateofchangeofthevelocity
• Unitsarem/s²(SI),cm/s²(cgs),andft/s²(USCust)
Section2.3
![Page 26: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
AverageAcceleration
• Vectorquantity• Whentheobject’svelocityandaccelerationareinthesamedirection(eitherpositiveornegative),thenthespeedoftheobjectincreaseswithtime
• Whentheobject’svelocityandaccelerationareintheoppositedirections,thespeedoftheobjectdecreaseswithtime
Section2.3
![Page 27: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
NegativeAcceleration
• Anegativeaccelerationdoesnotnecessarilymeantheobjectisslowingdown
• Iftheaccelerationandvelocityarebothnegative,theobjectisspeedingup
• “Deceleration”meansadecreaseinspeed,notanegativeacceleration
Section2.3
![Page 28: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
InstantaneousandUniformAcceleration
• Thelimitoftheaverageaccelerationasthetimeintervalgoestozero
• Whentheinstantaneousaccelerationsarealwaysthesame,theaccelerationwillbeuniform– Theinstantaneousaccelerationswillallbeequaltotheaverageacceleration
Section2.3
![Page 29: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
GraphicalInterpretationofAcceleration
• Averageaccelerationistheslopeofthelineconnectingtheinitialandfinalvelocitiesonavelocityvs.timegraph
• Instantaneousaccelerationistheslopeofthetangenttothecurveofthevelocity-timegraph
Section2.3
![Page 30: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
AverageAcceleration– GraphicalExample
Section2.3
![Page 31: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
RelationshipBetweenAccelerationandVelocity
• Uniformvelocity(shownbyredarrowsmaintainingthesamesize)
• Accelerationequalszero
Section2.4
![Page 32: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
RelationshipBetweenVelocityandAcceleration
• Velocityandaccelerationareinthesamedirection• Accelerationisuniform(violetarrowsmaintainthesamelength)
• Velocityisincreasing(redarrowsaregettinglonger)• Positivevelocityandpositiveacceleration
Section2.4
![Page 33: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
• Accelerationandvelocityareinoppositedirections• Accelerationisuniform(violetarrowsmaintainthesame
length)• Velocityisdecreasing(redarrowsaregettingshorter)• Velocityispositiveandaccelerationisnegative
Section2.4
RelationshipBetweenVelocityandAcceleration
![Page 34: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
MotionDiagramSummary
Section2.4
![Page 35: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
EquationsforConstantAcceleration
• Theseequationsareusedinsituationswithuniformacceleration
Section2.5
![Page 36: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Notesontheequations
• Givesdisplacementasafunctionofvelocityandtime
• Usewhenyoudon’tknowandaren’taskedfortheacceleration
Section2.5
![Page 37: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Notesontheequations
• Showsvelocityasafunctionofaccelerationandtime
• Usewhenyoudon’tknowandaren’taskedtofindthedisplacement
Section2.5
![Page 38: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
GraphicalInterpretationoftheEquation
Section2.5
![Page 39: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Notesontheequations
• Givesdisplacementasafunctionoftime,velocityandacceleration
• Usewhenyoudon’tknowandaren’taskedtofindthefinalvelocity
• Theareaunderthegraphofvvs.tforanyobjectisequaltothedisplacementoftheobject
Section2.5
![Page 40: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Notesontheequations
• Givesvelocityasafunctionofaccelerationanddisplacement
• Usewhenyoudon’tknowandaren’taskedforthetime
Section2.5
![Page 41: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Problem-SolvingHints
• Readtheproblem• Drawadiagram– Chooseacoordinatesystem– Labelinitialandfinalpoints– Indicateapositivedirectionforvelocitiesandaccelerations
• Labelallquantities,besurealltheunitsareconsistent– Convertifnecessary
• Choosetheappropriatekinematicequation
Section2.5
![Page 42: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Problem-SolvingHints,cont
• Solvefortheunknowns– Youmayhavetosolvetwoequationsfortwounknowns
• Checkyourresults– Estimateandcompare– Checkunits
Section2.5
![Page 43: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
GalileoGalilei
• 1564- 1642• Galileoformulatedthelawsthatgovernthemotionofobjectsinfreefall
• Alsolookedat:– Inclinedplanes– Relativemotion– Thermometers– Pendulum
Section2.6
![Page 44: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
FreeFall
• Afreelyfallingobjectisanyobjectmovingfreelyundertheinfluenceofgravityalone– Freefalldoesnotdependontheobject’soriginalmotion
• Allobjectsfallingneartheearth’ssurfacefallwithaconstantacceleration
• Theaccelerationiscalledtheaccelerationduetogravity,andindicatedbyg
Section2.6
![Page 45: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
AccelerationduetoGravity
• Symbolizedbyg• g =9.80m/s²– Whenestimating,useg » 10m/s2
• g isalwaysdirecteddownward– Towardthecenteroftheearth
• Ignoringairresistanceandassumingg doesn’tvarywithaltitudeovershortverticaldistances,freefallisconstantlyacceleratedmotion
Section2.6
![Page 46: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
FreeFall– anobjectdropped
• Initialvelocityiszero• Letupbepositive– Conventional
• Usethekinematicequations– Generallyuseyinsteadofxsincevertical
• Accelerationisg =-9.80m/s2
vo=0
a=g
Section2.6
![Page 47: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
FreeFall– anobjectthrowndownward
• a=g =-9.80m/s2
• Initialvelocity¹ 0– Withupwardbeingpositive,initialvelocitywillbenegative
Section2.6
![Page 48: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
FreeFall– objectthrownupward
• Initialvelocityisupward,sopositive
• Theinstantaneousvelocityatthemaximumheightiszero
• a=g=-9.80m/s2 everywhereinthemotion
v = 0
Section2.6
Actuallystraightbackdown
![Page 49: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Thrownupward,cont.
• Themotionmaybesymmetrical– Thentup =tdown– Thenv=-vo
• Themotionmaynotbesymmetrical– Breakthemotionintovariousparts• Generallyupanddown
Section2.6
![Page 50: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Non-symmetricalFreeFallExample
• Needtodividethemotionintosegments
• Possibilitiesinclude– Upwardanddownward
portions– Thesymmetricalportionback
tothereleasepointandthenthenon-symmetricalportion
Section2.6
![Page 51: Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille€¦ · Raymond A. Serway Chris Vuille Chapter Two Motion in One Dimension. Dynamics • The branch of physics involving the motion of an object and](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040213/5ea50ce4ca38ad0788790bc8/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
CombinationMotions
Section2.6