Ray Bradbury 1

Ray Bradbury

Ray Bradbury

Bradbury in 1975

Born Ray Douglas BradburyAugust 22, 1920Waukegan, Illinois, USA

Died June 5, 2012 (aged 91)Los Angeles, California, USA

Occupation Writer

Nationality American

Period 1938–2012

Genres Fantasy, social commentary, science fiction, horror fiction, mystery fiction

Notable work(s) •• Fahrenheit 451•• The Martian Chronicles•• Something Wicked This Way Comes

Notableaward(s)

American Academy of Arts and Letters (1954); Daytime Emmy Award (1994); National Medal of Arts (2004); Pulitzer Prize(2007)

Spouse(s) Marguerite McClure(m. 1947–2003; her death)

Children 4 daughters

Signature

www.raybradbury.com [1]

Ray Douglas Bradbury (August 22, 1920 – June 5, 2012) was an American fantasy, science fiction, horror and mystery fiction writer. Best known for his dystopian novel Fahrenheit 451 (1953) and for the science fiction and

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horror stories gathered together as The Martian Chronicles (1950) and The Illustrated Man (1951), Bradbury wasone of the most celebrated 20th-century American writers. Many of Bradbury's works have been adapted into comicbooks, television shows and films.

Early life

Bradbury as a senior in high school,1938.

Bradbury was born on August 22, 1920 in Waukegan, Illinois,[2] to Esther(Moberg) Bradbury, a Swedish immigrant, and Leonard Spaulding Bradbury,[3]

a power and telephone lineman of English descent.[4] He was given the middlename "Douglas," after the actor Douglas Fairbanks.

Hometown

Ray Bradbury was surrounded by a loving extended family during his earlychildhood and formative years in Waukegan. This period provided foundationsfor both the author and his stories. In Bradbury's works of fiction, 1920sWaukegan becomes "Green Town," Illinois. In his stories, Green Town is asymbol of safety and home, which is often juxtaposed as a contrasting backdropto tales of fantasy or menace. It serves as the setting of his modern classicsDandelion Wine, Something Wicked This Way Comes, and Farewell Summer. In

Green Town, Bradbury's favorite uncle sprouts wings, traveling carnivals conceal supernatural powers, and hisgrandparents provide room and board to Charles Dickens.[5] Perhaps the most definitive usage of the pseudonym forhis hometown, in Summer Morning, Summer Night, a collection of short stories and vignettes exclusively aboutGreen Town, Bradbury returns to the signature locale as a look back at the rapidly disappearing small-town world ofthe American heartland, which was the foundation of his roots.

Between 1926 and 1933, the Bradbury family moved back and forth between Waukegan and Tucson, Arizona. In1931, at age eleven, young Ray began writing his own stories. The country was going through the Great Depression,and sometimes Bradbury wrote on butcher paper.The Bradbury family moved to Los Angeles, California in 1934.Bradbury was related to the American Shakespeare scholar Douglas Spaulding.[6] He was also descended from MaryBradbury, who was tried at one of the Salem witch trials in 1692. She was married to Captain Thomas Bradbury ofSalisbury, Massachusetts.[citation needed]

Influences, process and background

HollywoodThe Bradbury family lived in Tucson, Arizona, in 1926–1927 and 1932–1933 as the father pursued employment,each time returning to Waukegan, but eventually settled in Los Angeles in 1934, when Bradbury was 14. The familyarrived with only 40 dollars, which paid for rent and food until his father finally found a job making wire at a cablecompany for $14 a week. This meant they could stay and Bradbury, who was in love with Hollywood, was ecstatic.The family lived about four blocks from the Uptown Theater on Western Avenue in Los Angeles, the flagship theater for MGM and Fox. There, Bradbury learned how to sneak in and watched previews almost every week. He roller-skated there as well as all over town, as he put it "hell-bent on getting autographs from glamorous stars. It was glorious." Among stars the young Bradbury was thrilled to encounter were Norma Shearer, Laurel and Hardy, and Ronald Colman. Sometimes he would spend all day in front of Paramount Pictures or Columbia Pictures and then skate to the Brown Derby to watch the stars who came and went for meals. He recounted seeing Cary Grant, Marlene

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Dietrich and Mae West, who he would learn made a regular appearance every Friday night, bodyguard in tow.

LiteratureBradbury was a reader and writer throughout his youth.[7] He knew as a young boy that he was "going into one of thearts."In 1932, one of Bradbury's earliest influences was Edgar Allan Poe. At age twelve, Bradbury began writingtraditional horror stories and said he tried to imitate Poe until he was about eighteen. At the time, his favorites werealso Edgar Rice Burroughs and John Carter, as well as comic books. He listened to the radio show Chandu theMagician, and when the show went off the air every night he would sit and write the entire script from memory.In his youth, he spent much time in the Carnegie library in Waukegan, reading such authors as H. G. Wells, JulesVerne, and Edgar Rice Burroughs, creator of Tarzan of the Apes.[8] He loved Burroughs' The Warlord of Mars somuch that at the age of 12 he wrote his own sequel.[9] The young Bradbury was also a cartoonist and loved toillustrate. He wrote about Tarzan and drew his own Sunday panels.When he was seventeen, Bradbury read stories published in Astounding Science Fiction, and said he read everythingby Robert A. Heinlein, Arthur C. Clarke, and the early writings of Theodore Sturgeon and A. E. van Vogt, but citedH. G. Wells and Jules Verne as his big science fiction influences. Bradbury identified with Verne, saying, "Hebelieves the human being is in a strange situation in a very strange world, and he believes that we can triumph bybehaving morally." [10]

Bradbury admitted he stopped reading genre books in his twenties and embraced a broad field of literature thatincluded Alexander Pope and poet John Donne.An aunt read him short stories when he was a child.[11] He used this library as a setting for much of his novelSomething Wicked This Way Comes, and depicted Waukegan as "Green Town" in some of his othersemi-autobiographical novels — Dandelion Wine, Farewell Summer — as well as in many of his short stories.[12]

He attributed to two incidents his lifelong habit of writing every day. The first of these, occurring when he was threeyears old, was his mother's taking him to see Lon Chaney's performance in The Hunchback of Notre Dame.[13] Thesecond incident occurred in 1932, when a carnival entertainer, one Mr. Electrico, touched the young man on the nosewith an electrified sword, made his hair stand on end, and shouted, "Live forever!" Bradbury remarked, "I felt thatsomething strange and wonderful had happened to me because of my encounter with Mr. Electrico...[he] gave me afuture...I began to write, full-time. I have written every single day of my life since that day 69 years ago." It was atthat age that Bradbury first started to do magic, which was his first great love. If he had not discovered writing, hewould have become a magician.[14]

Bradbury claimed a wide variety of influences, and described discussions he might have with his favorite poets andwriters Robert Frost, William Shakespeare, John Steinbeck, Aldous Huxley, and Thomas Wolfe. From Steinbeck, hesaid he learned "how to write objectively and yet insert all of the insights without too much extra comment." Hestudied Eudora Welty for her "remarkable ability to give you atmosphere, character, and motion in a single line."Bradbury's favorite writers growing up included Katherine Anne Porter, who wrote about the American South, EdithWharton, and Jessamyn West.[15] He often said he was a fantasy writer, not a science fiction writer, and numeroustimes is quoted stating "The only science fiction I've written is Fahrenheit 451", elucidating "science fiction is the artof the possible." Bradbury recounted when he came into his own as a writer, the afternoon he wrote a short storyabout his first encounter with death. When he was a boy, he met a young girl at the beach and she went out into thewater and never came back. Years later, as he wrote about it, tears flowed from him. He recognized he had taken theleap from emulating the many writers he admired to connecting with his voice as a writer.[16][17]

When later asked about the lyrical power of his prose, Bradbury replied, "From reading so much poetry every day ofmy life. My favorite writers have been those who’ve said things well." He is quoted, "If you're reluctant to weep, youwon't live a full and complete life."[18]

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In high school, Ray Bradbury was active in both the Poetry Club and the Drama club, continuing plans to become anactor but becoming serious about his writing as his high school years progressed. Bradbury graduated from LosAngeles High School, where he took poetry classes with Snow Longley Housh, and short story writing coursestaught by Jeannet Johnson.[19] The teachers recognized his talent and furthered his interest in writing,[20] but he didnot attend college. Instead, he sold newspapers at the corner of South Norton Avenue and Olympic Boulevard. Inregard to his education, Bradbury said:

Libraries raised me. I don't believe in colleges and universities. I believe in libraries because moststudents don't have any money. When I graduated from high school, it was during the Depression andwe had no money. I couldn't go to college, so I went to the library three days a week for 10 years.[21]

He told The Paris Review, "You can't learn to write in college. It's a very bad place for writers because the teachersalways think they know more than you do—and they don’t."[22]

It was in UCLA's Powell Library, in a study room with typewriters for rent, that Bradbury wrote his classic story of abook-burning future, The Fireman, which was about 25,000 words long. It was later published at about 50,000 wordsunder the name Fahrenheit 451, for a total cost of $9.80, due to the library's typewriter-rental fees of ten cents perhalf-hour.

CareerWhen the Bradbury family moved to Los Angeles, California in 1934, Bradbury attended Los Angeles High Schooland was active in the drama club. Bradbury often roller-skated through Hollywood in hopes of meeting celebrities.Among the creative and talented people Bradbury met this way were special effects pioneer Ray Harryhausen andradio star George Burns. Bradbury's first pay as a writer was at the age of fourteen, when Burns hired him to writefor the Burns and Allen show.[23][24]

In 1936, at a secondhand bookstore in Hollywood, Ray Bradbury discovered a handbill promoting meetings of theLos Angeles Science Fiction Society.[25] Thrilled to find there were others with his interests, at the age of sixteenBradbury joined a weekly Thursday-night conclave.Bradbury began submitting his short stories for publication. After a rejection notice from the pulp magazine WeirdTales, Bradbury submitted to magazines. At Mademoiselle magazine, a young editorial assistant named TrumanCapote spotted one of Bradbury's short stories, "Homecoming'". Capote picked the Bradbury manuscript from aslush pile, which led to it getting published in the magazine. Homecoming won a place in The O. Henry Prize Storiesof 1947.[26]

Bradbury had just graduated from high school when he met Robert Heinlein, then 31 years old. Bradbury recalled,"He was well known, and he wrote humanistic science fiction, which influenced me to dare to be human instead ofmechanical."His first published story was "Hollerbochen's Dilemma", which appeared in the January 1938 number of Forrest J.Ackerman's fanzine Imagination!. In July 1939, Ackerman gave nineteen-year-old Ray Bradbury the money to headto New York for the First World Science Fiction Convention in New York City, and funded Ray Bradbury's fanzine,titled Futuria Fantasia.[27] Bradbury wrote most of its four issues, each limited to under 100 copies. [citation

needed]Between 1940 and 1947, he was a contributor to Rob Wagner's film magazine, Script.Ray Bradbury was free to start a career in writing when, owing to his bad eyesight, he was rejected admission intothe military during World War II. Having been inspired by science fiction heroes like Flash Gordon and BuckRogers, Bradbury began to publish science fiction stories in fanzines in 1938. Bradbury was invited by Forrest J.Ackerman [citation needed] to attend the Los Angeles Science Fiction Society, which at the time met at Clifton'sCafeteria in downtown Los Angeles. This was where he met the writers Robert A. Heinlein, Emil Petaja, FredricBrown, Henry Kuttner, Leigh Brackett, and Jack Williamson.[citation needed]

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In 1939, Bradbury joined Laraine Day's Wilshire Players Guild where for two years he wrote and acted in severalplays. They were, as Bradbury later described, "so incredibly bad" that he gave up playwriting for two decades.Bradbury's first paid piece, "Pendulum," written with Henry Hasse, was published in the pulp magazine SuperScience Stories in November 1941, for which he earned $15.Bradbury sold his first story, "The Lake", for $13.75 at the age of twenty-two. He became a full-time writer by theend of 1942. His first collection of short stories, Dark Carnival, was published in 1947 by Arkham House, a smallpress in Sauk City, Wisconsin, owned by writer August Derleth. Reviewing Dark Carnival for the New York HeraldTribune, Will Cuppy proclaimed Bradbury "suitable for general consumption" and predicted that he would become awriter of the caliber of British fantasy author John Collier.[28]

A chance encounter in a Los Angeles bookstore with the British expatriate writer Christopher Isherwood gaveBradbury the opportunity to put The Martian Chronicles into the hands of a respected critic. Isherwood's glowingreview followed.Bradbury relates the following meeting with Sergei Bondarchuk, director of soviet 1967 epic film War and Peace, ata Hollywood award ceremony in Bondarchuk's honor: "They formed a long queue and as Bondarchuk was walkingalong it he recognized several people:

"Oh Mr. Ford, I like your film." He recognized the director, Greta Garbo, and someone else. I wasstanding at the very end of the queue and silently watched this. Bondarchuk shouted to me; "RayBradbury, is that you?" He rushed up to me, embraced me, dragged me inside, grabbed a bottle ofStolichnaya, sat down at his table where his closest friends were sitting. All the famous Hollywooddirectors in the queue were bewildered. They stared at me and asked each other "who is this Bradbury?"And, swearing, they left, leaving me alone with Bondarchuk…

Bradbury was once described as a "Midwest surrealist" and is often labeled a science fiction writer. Bradburyresisted that categorization, however:

First of all, I don't write science fiction. I've only done one science fiction book and that's Fahrenheit451, based on reality. It was named so to represent the temperature at which paper ignites. Sciencefiction is a depiction of the real. Fantasy is a depiction of the unreal. So Martian Chronicles is notscience fiction, it's fantasy. It couldn't happen, you see? That's the reason it's going to be around a longtime — because it's a Greek myth, and myths have staying power.

On another occasion, Bradbury observed that the novel touches on the alienation of people by media:In writing the short novel Fahrenheit 451 I thought I was describing a world that might evolve in four orfive decades. But only a few weeks ago, in Beverly Hills one night, a husband and wife passed me,walking their dog. I stood staring after them, absolutely stunned. The woman held in one hand a smallcigarette-package-sized radio, its antenna quivering. From this sprang tiny copper wires which ended ina dainty cone plugged into her right ear. There she was, oblivious to man and dog, listening to far windsand whispers and soap opera cries, sleep walking, helped up and down curbs by a husband who mightjust as well not have been there. This was not fiction.[29]

Besides his fiction work, Bradbury wrote many short essays on the arts and culture, attracting the attention of criticsin this field. Bradbury also hosted "The Ray Bradbury Theater" which was based on his short stories. Bradbury was aconsultant for the American Pavilion at the 1964 New York World's Fair[30] and the original exhibit housed inEpcot's Spaceship Earth geosphere at Walt Disney World.[31][32][33] In the 1980s, Bradbury concentrated ondetective fiction.[34]

Several comic book writers have adapted Bradbury's stories. Particularly noted among these were EC Comics' line of horror and science-fiction comics. Initially, the writers plagiarized his stories, but a diplomatic letter from Bradbury about it led to the company paying him and negotiating properly licensed adaptations of his work. The comics featuring Bradbury's stories included Tales from the Crypt, Weird Science, Weird Fantasy, Crime Suspenstories,

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Haunt of Fear and others.Bradbury remained an enthusiastic playwright all his life, leaving a rich theatrical legacy as well as literary.Bradbury headed the Pandemonium Theatre Company in Los Angeles for many years and had a five-yearrelationship with the Fremont Centre Theatre in South Pasadena.[35]

Bradbury is featured prominently in two documentaries related to his classic 1950s-'60s era: Jason V Brock's CharlesBeaumont: The Life of Twilight Zone's Magic Man [36],[37] which details his troubles with Rod Serling, and hisfriendships with writers Charles Beaumont, George Clayton Johnson, and most especially his dear friend William F.Nolan, as well as Brock's The AckerMonster Chronicles! [38], which delves into the life of former Bradbury agent,close friend, mega-fan, and Famous Monsters of Filmland editor Forrest J Ackerman.

Personal life

Bradbury in December 2009.

Ray Bradbury was married to Marguerite McClure (January 16, 1922 –November 24, 2003) from 1947 until her death; they had four daughters: Susan,Ramona, Bettina and Alexandra. Though he lived in Los Angeles, Bradburynever obtained a driver's license but relied on public transportation or his bicycle.He lived at home until he was twenty-seven and married. His wife of fifty-sixyears, Maggie, as she was affectionately called, was the only woman Bradburyever dated.

Bradbury was a close friend of Charles Addams, and Addams illustrated the firstof Bradbury's stories about the Elliotts, a family that would resemble Addams'own Addams Family placed in rural Illinois. Bradbury's first story about themwas "Homecoming," published in the 1946 Halloween issue of Mademoiselle,with Addams illustrations. He and Addams planned a larger collaborative workthat would tell the family's complete history, but it never materialized, andaccording to a 2001 interview, they went their separate ways.[39] In October2001, Bradbury published all the Family stories he had written in one book with a connecting narrative, From theDust Returned, featuring a wraparound Addams cover of the original "Homecoming" illustration.[40]

Another close friend was animator Ray Harryhausen, who was best man at Bradbury's wedding. During a BAFTA2010 awards tribute in honor of Ray Harryhausen's 90th birthday, Bradbury spoke of his first meeting Harryhausenat Forrest J Ackerman's house when they were both 18 years old. Their shared love for science fiction, King Kong,and the King Vidor-directed film The Fountainhead, written by Ayn Rand, was the beginning of a lifelongfriendship. These early influences inspired the pair to believe in themselves and affirm their career choices. Sincetheir first meeting, they kept in touch at least once a month, spanning over 70 years of friendship.In later years, Bradbury retained his dedication and passion despite what he described as the "devastation of illnessesand deaths of many good friends." Among the losses that deeply grieved Bradbury was the death of Star Trek creatorGene Roddenberry, who was an intimate friend for many years. They remained close friends for nearly three decadesafter Roddenberry asked him to write for Star Trek, which Bradbury never did, stating he "never had the ability toadapt other people's ideas into any sensible form."Bradbury suffered a stroke in 1999 that left him partially dependent on a wheelchair for mobility. Despite this hecontinued to write, and had even written an essay on his inspiration for writing for The New Yorker published only aweek prior to his death. Bradbury made regular appearances at science fiction conventions until 2009, when heretired from the circuit.

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Ray Bradbury's Headstone in May 2012 prior tohis death

Bradbury was a strong supporter of public library systems, and helpedto raise money to prevent the closure of several in California due tobudgetary cuts. He iterated from his past that "libraries raised me", andshunned colleges and universities, comparing his own lack of fundsduring the Depression with poor contemporary students. His opinionvaried on modern technology. In 1985 Bradbury wrote, "I see nothingbut good coming from computers. When they first appeared on thescene, people were saying, 'Oh my God, I'm so afraid.' I hate peoplelike that—I call them the neo-Luddites", and "In a sense [computers]are simply books. Books are all over the place, and computers will betoo". He resisted, however, the conversion of his work into e-books,stating in 2010 "We have too many cellphones. We've got too manyinternets. We have got to get rid of those machines. We have too many machines now". When the publishing rightsfor Fahrenheit 451 came up for renewal in December 2011, Bradbury permitted its publication in electronic formprovided that the publisher, Simon & Schuster, allowed the e-book to be digitally downloaded by any library patron.The title remains the only book in the Simon & Schuster catalog where this is possible. Bradbury chose a burialplace at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles with a headstone that reads "Author ofFahrenheit 451".

DeathBradbury died in Los Angeles, California, on June 5, 2012, at the age of 91, after a lengthy illness.The New York Times' obituary stated that Bradbury was "the writer most responsible for bringing modern sciencefiction into the literary mainstream." The Los Angeles Times credited Bradbury with the ability "to write lyrically andevocatively of lands an imagination away, worlds he anchored in the here and now with a sense of visual clarity andsmall-town familiarity". Bradbury's grandson, Danny Karapetian, stated that Bradbury's works had "influenced somany artists, writers, teachers, scientists, and it's always really touching and comforting to hear their stories". TheWashington Post hallmarked several modern day technologies that Bradbury had envisioned much earlier in hiswriting, such as the idea of banking ATMs and earbuds and Bluetooth headsets from Fahrenheit 451, and theconcepts of artificial intelligence within I Sing the Body Electric.On June 6, 2012, in an official public statement from the White House Press Office, President Barack Obama said:

"For many Americans, the news of Ray Bradbury's death immediately brought to mind images from his work,imprinted in our minds, often from a young age. His gift for storytelling reshaped our culture and expandedour world. But Ray also understood that our imaginations could be used as a tool for better understanding, avehicle for change, and an expression of our most cherished values. There is no doubt that Ray will continue toinspire many more generations with his writing, and our thoughts and prayers are with his family and friends."

Bradbury's personal library was willed to the Waukegan Public Library, where he had many of his formative readingexperiences.Several celebrity fans of Bradbury paid tribute to the author by stating the influence of his works on their own careers and creations. Filmmaker Steven Spielberg stated that Bradbury was "[his] muse for the better part of [his] sci-fi career.... On the world of science fiction and fantasy and imagination he is immortal". Writer Neil Gaiman felt that "the landscape of the world we live in would have been diminished if we had not had him in our world". Author Stephen King released a statement on his website saying, "Ray Bradbury wrote three great novels and three hundred great stories. One of the latter was called 'A Sound of Thunder.' The sound I hear today is the thunder of a giant's footsteps fading away. But the novels and stories remain, in all their resonance and strange beauty."[41] Bradbury's influence well exceeded the field of literature. Progressive house music producer and performer, Joel Thomas

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Zimmerman, who is most commonly known by his stage name Deadmau5, composed a song named after one ofBradbury´s short stories "The Veldt" which was originally published in the Saturday Evening Post.[42] The EP of"The Veldt" was released days after Bradbury´s death and is dedicated to the memory of the author.[43]

BibliographyBradbury is credited with writing 27 novels and over 600 short stories. More than eight million copies of his works,published in over 36 languages, have been sold around the world.

First novelIn 1949, Bradbury and his wife were expecting their first child. He took a Greyhound bus to New York and checkedinto a room at the YMCA for fifty cents a night. He took his short stories to a dozen publishers and no one wantedthem. Just before getting ready to go home, Bradbury had dinner with an editor at Doubleday. When Bradburyrecounted that everyone wanted a novel and he didn't have one, the editor, coincidentally named Walter Bradbury,asked if the short stories might be tied together into a book length collection. The title was the editor's idea; hesuggested, "You could call it "The Martian Chronicles." Bradbury liked the idea and recalled making notes in 1944to do a book set on Mars. That evening, he stayed up all night at the YMCA and typed out an outline. He took it tothe Doubleday editor the next morning, who read it and wrote Bradbury a check for seven hundred and fifty dollars.When Bradbury returned to Los Angeles, he connected all the short stories and that became The Martian Chronicles.

Intended first novelWhat was later issued as a collection of stories and vignettes, Summer Morning, Summer Night, started out to be RayBradbury's first true novel. The core of the work was Bradbury's witnessing of the American small-town and life inthe American heartland.In the winter of 1955–56, after a consultation with his Doubleday editor, Bradbury deferred publication of a novelbased on Green Town, the pseudonym for his hometown. Instead, he extracted seventeen stories and, with threeother Green Town tales, and bridged them into his 1957 book Dandelion Wine. Later, in 2006, Bradbury publishedthe original novel remaining after the extraction, and retitled it Farewell Summer. These two titles show what storiesand episodes Bradbury decided to retain as he created the two books out of one.The most significant of the remaining unpublished stories, scenes and fragments were published under the originallyintended name for the novel, Summer Morning, Summer Night, in 2007.[44]

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Adaptations to other media

Bradbury in 1959, when some of hisshort stories were adapted fortelevision shows like Alfred

Hitchcock Presents

From 1951 to 1954, 27 of Bradbury's stories were adapted by Al Feldstein for ECComics, and 16 of these were collected in the paperbacks, The Autumn People(1965) and Tomorrow Midnight (1966), both published by Ballantine Books withcover illustrations by Frank Frazetta.

Also in the early 1950s, adaptations of Bradbury's stories were televised inseveral anthology shows, including Tales of Tomorrow, Lights Out, Out There,Suspense, CBS Television Workshop, Jane Wyman's Fireside Theatre, StarTonight, Windows and Alfred Hitchcock Presents. "The Merry-Go-Round," ahalf-hour film adaptation of Bradbury's "The Black Ferris," praised by Variety,was shown on Starlight Summer Theater in 1954 and NBC's Sneak Preview in1956. During that same period, several stories were adapted for radio drama,notably on the science fiction anthologies Dimension X and its successor X MinusOne.

Producer William Alland first brought Bradbury to movie theaters in 1953 with ItCame from Outer Space, a Harry Essex screenplay developed from Bradbury's screen treatment "Atomic Monster".Three weeks later came the release of Eugène Lourié's The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms (1953), which featured onescene based on Bradbury's "The Fog Horn", about a sea monster mistaking the sound of a fog horn for the mating cryof a female. Bradbury's close friend Ray Harryhausen produced the stop-motion animation of the creature. Bradburywould later return the favor by writing a short story, "Tyrannosaurus Rex", about a stop-motion animator whostrongly resembled Harryhausen. Over the next 50 years, more than 35 features, shorts, and TV movies were basedon Bradbury's stories or screenplays.

Bradbury was hired in 1953 by director John Huston to work on the screenplay for his film version of Melville'sMoby Dick (1956), which stars Gregory Peck as Captain Ahab, Richard Basehart as Ishmael, and Orson Welles asFather Mapple. A significant result of the film was Bradbury's book Green Shadows, White Whale, asemi-fictionalized account of the making of the film, including Bradbury's dealings with Huston and his time inIreland, where exterior scenes that were set in New Bedford, Massachusetts, were filmed.Bradbury's short story I Sing the Body Electric (from the book of the same name) was adapted for the 100th episodeof The Twilight Zone. The episode was first aired on May 18, 1962.In 1965, three of Ray Bradbury's stories were adapted for the stage. These included "The Wonderful Ice CreamSuit", "The Day It Rained Forever" and "Device Out Of Time". The latter was adapted from his 1957 novelDandelion Wine. The plays debuted at the Coronet Theater in Hollywood and featured Booth Coleman, Joby Baker,Fredric Villani, Arnold Lessing, Eddie Sallia, Keith Taylor, Richard Bull, Gene Otis Shane, Henry T. Delgado, F.Murray Abraham, Anne Loos and Len Lesser. The director was Charles Rome Smith and the production companywas Pandemonium Productions.Oskar Werner and Julie Christie starred in Fahrenheit 451 (1966), an adaptation of Bradbury's novel directed byFrançois Truffaut.In 1966, Bradbury helped Lynn Garrison create AVIAN, a specialist aviation magazine. For the first issue Bradburywrote a poem – Planes that land on grass.In 1969, The Illustrated Man was brought to the big screen, starring Rod Steiger, Claire Bloom and Robert Drivas.Containing the prologue and three short stories from the book, the film received mediocre reviews.

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Ray Bradbury takes part in a symposium atCaltech with Arthur C. Clarke, journalist Walter

Sullivan, and scientists Carl Sagan and BruceMurray. In this excerpt, Bradbury reads his poem

'If Only We Had Taller Been' (poem begins at2:20, full text). Video released by NASA in honor

of the naming of Bradbury Landing in 2012.

In 1972 The Screaming Woman was adapted as an ABCMovie-of-the-Week starring Olivia de Havilland.The Martian Chronicles became a three-part TV miniseries starringRock Hudson which was first broadcast by NBC in 1980. Bradburyfound the miniseries "just boring".

The 1982 television movie, The Electric Grandmother, was based onBradbury's short story "I Sing the Body Electric."

The 1983 horror film Something Wicked This Way Comes, starringJason Robards and Jonathan Pryce, is based on the Bradbury novel ofthe same name.

In 1984, Michael McDonough of Brigham Young University produced"Bradbury 13," a series of 13 audio adaptations of famous RayBradbury stories, in conjunction with National Public Radio. Thefull-cast dramatizations featured adaptations of "The Ravine," "Night Call, Collect," "The Veldt", "There Was an OldWoman," "Kaleidoscope," "Dark They Were, and Golden-Eyed", "The Screaming Woman," "A Sound of Thunder,""The Man," "The Wind," "The Fox and the Forest," "Here There Be Tygers" and "The Happiness Machine".Voiceover actor Paul Frees provided narration, while Bradbury himself was responsible for the opening voiceover;Greg Hansen and Roger Hoffman scored the episodes. The series won a Peabody Award as well as two Gold Cindyawards and was released on CD on May 1, 2010. The series began airing on BBC Radio 4 Extra on June 12, 2011.

From 1985 to 1992 Bradbury hosted a syndicated anthology television series, The Ray Bradbury Theater, for whichhe adapted 65 of his stories. Each episode would begin with a shot of Bradbury in his office, gazing over mementoesof his life, which he states (in narrative) are used to spark ideas for stories. During the first two seasons, Bradburyalso provided additional voiceover narration specific to the featured story and appeared on screen.Deeply respected in the USSR, Bradbury's fictions has been adapted into five episodes of the Soviet science fictionTV series This Fantastic World adapted Ray Bradbury's stories I Sing The Body Electric, Fahrenheit 451, A Piece ofWood, To the Chicago Abyss, and Forever and the Earth. In 1984 a cartoon adaptation of There Will Come SoftRains («Будет ласковый дождь») came out by Uzbek director Nazim Tyuhladziev. He made a film adaptation ofThe Veldt ("Вельд") in 1987. In 1989 came out a cartoon adaptation of Here There Be Tygers («Здесь могутводиться тигры») by director Vladimir Samsonov.The 1998 film The Wonderful Ice Cream Suit, released by Touchstone Pictures, was written by Ray Bradbury. It wasbased on his story "The Magic White Suit" originally published in The Saturday Evening Post in 1957. The story hadalso previously been adapted as a play, a musical, and a 1958 television version.In 2002, Bradbury's own Pandemonium Theatre Company production of Fahrenheit 451 at Burbank's FalconTheatre combined live acting with projected digital animation by the Pixel Pups [45]. In 1984, Telarium released agame for Commodore 64 based on Fahrenheit 451. Bradbury and director Charles Rome Smith co-foundedPandemonium in 1964, staging the New York production of The World of Ray Bradbury (1964), adaptations of "ThePedestrian", "The Veldt", and "To the Chicago Abyss."In 2005, the film A Sound of Thunder was released, loosely based upon the short story of the same name. The filmThe Butterfly Effect revolves around the same theory as A Sound of Thunder and contains many references to itsinspiration. Short film adaptations of A Piece of Wood and The Small Assassin were released in 2005 and 2007respectively.In 2005, it was reported that Bradbury was upset with filmmaker Michael Moore for using the title Fahrenheit 9/11, which is an allusion to Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451, for his documentary about the George W. Bush administration. Bradbury expressed displeasure with Moore's use of the title but stated that his resentment was not politically motivated, even though Bradbury was conservative-leaning politically. Bradbury asserted that he did not want any of

Ray Bradbury 11

the money made by the movie, nor did he believe that he deserved it. He pressured Moore to change the name, but tono avail. Moore called Bradbury two weeks before the film's release to apologize, saying that the film's marketinghad been set in motion a long time ago and it was too late to change the title.In 2008, the film Ray Bradbury's Chrysalis was produced by Roger Lay Jr. for Urban Archipelago Films, based uponthe short story of the same name. The film won the best feature award at the International Horror and Sci-Fi FilmFestival in Phoenix. The film has international distribution by Arsenal Pictures and domestic distribution byLightning Entertainment.In 2010, The Martian Chronicles was adapted for radio by Colonial Radio Theatre on the Air.In 2012, EDM artist deadmau5, along with guest vocalist Chris James, crafted a song called "The Veldt" inspired byBradbury's short story of the same title. The lyrics featured various references to the short story.Bradbury's works and approach to writing are documented in Terry Sanders' film Ray Bradbury: Story of a Writer(1963).Bradbury's poem "Groon" was voiced as a tribute in 2012: http:/ / vimeo. com/ 49873749

Awards and honors

Bradbury receiving the National Medal of Arts in2004 with President George W. Bush and his

wife Laura Bush.

The Ray Bradbury Award for excellency in screenwriting wasoccasionally presented by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers ofAmerica—presented to six people on four occasions from 1992 to2009.[46] Beginning 2010, the Ray Bradbury Award for OutstandingDramatic Presentation is presented annually according to NebulaAwards rules and procedures, although it is not a Nebula Award.[47]

The revamped Bradbury Award replaced the Nebula Award for BestScript.

• In 1971, an impact crater on Earth's moon was named "DandelionCrater" by the Apollo 15 astronauts, in honor of Bradbury's novelDandelion Wine.

• In 1984, he received the Prometheus Award for Fahrenheit 451.• Ray Bradbury Park was dedicated in Waukegan, Illinois in 1990. He

was present for the ribbon-cutting ceremony. The park containslocations described in Dandelion Wine, most notably the "113 steps". In 2009, an interpretive panel designed byartist Michael Pavelich was added to the park detailing the history of Ray Bradbury and Ray Bradbury Park.

• An asteroid discovered in 1992 was named "9766 Bradbury" in his honor.• In 1994, he received the Peggy V. Helmerich Distinguished Author Award, presented annually by the Tulsa

Library Trust.• In 1994, he won an Emmy Award for the screenplay, The Halloween Tree.• In 2000, he was awarded the Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters from the National Book

Foundation.[48]

• For his contribution to the motion picture industry, Bradbury was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame onApril 1, 2002.[49]

• In 2003, he received an honorary doctorate from Woodbury University where he presented the Ray BradburyCreativity Award each year at Woodbury University until his death.

• On November 17, 2004, Bradbury received of the National Medal of Arts, presented by President George W.Bush and Laura Bush.

• Bradbury received a World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement at the 1977 World Fantasy Convention and was named Gandalf Grand Master of Fantasy at the 1980 World Science Fiction Convention. In 1989 the Horror

Ray Bradbury 12

Writers Association gave him the fourth or fifth Bram Stoker Award for Lifetime Achievement in horror fictionand the Science Fiction Writers of America made him its 10th SFWA Grand Master. He won a First Fandom Hallof Fame Award in 1996 and the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame inducted him in 1999, its fourth classof two deceased and two living writers.

• In 2005 he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Laws (honoris causa) by the National University of Ireland,Galway at a conferring ceremony in Los Angeles.

• On April 14, 2007, Bradbury received the Sir Arthur Clarke Award's Special Award, given by Clarke to arecipient of his choice.

• On April 16, 2007, Bradbury received a special citation by the Pulitzer Prize jury "for his distinguished, prolific,and deeply influential career as an unmatched author of science fiction and fantasy."[50]

• In 2007, Bradbury received the French Commandeur Ordre des Arts et des Lettres medal.• In 2008, he was named SFPA Grandmaster.• On May 17, 2008, Bradbury received the inaugural J. Lloyd Eaton Lifetime Achievement Award in Science

Fiction, presented by the UCR Libraries at the 2008 Eaton Science Fiction Conference, "Chronicling Mars".[51]

•• In 2009, Ray Bradbury was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by Columbia College Chicago.• In 2010, Spike TV Scream Awards Comic-Con Icon Award went to Ray Bradbury• In 2012, the NASA Curiosity rover landing site (4.5895°S 137.4417°E [52]) on the planet Mars was named

"Bradbury Landing".• On December 6, 2012, the Los Angeles street corner at 5th and Flower Streets was named in his honor.[53]

• On February 24, 2013, Bradbury was honored during the 85th Academy Awards in the 'In Memoriam' segment.

References[1] http:/ / www. raybradbury. com/[2] p.141 Bloom, Harold Ray Bradbury 2010 Infobase Publishing[3] Touponce, William F. "Ray (Douglas) Bradbury." American Writers: A Collection of Literary Biographies, Supplement 4. Ed. A Walton Litz

and Molly Weigel. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1996. Literature Resources from Gale. November 16, 2010.[4][4] Certificate of Birth, Ray Douglas Bradbury, August 22, 1920, Lake County Clerk's Record #4750. Although he was named after Rae

Williams, a cousin on his father's side, Ray Bradbury's birth certificate spells his first name as "Ray."[5] Summer Morning, Summer Night (http:/ / www. subterraneanpress. com/ Merchant2/ merchant. mv?Screen=PROD& Store_Code=SP&

Product_Code=bradbury06), by Ray Bradbury; Synopsis, Subterranean Press[6][6] The Spaulding Family Memorial, 1899[7][7] Litz, A. Walton. American Writers Supplement IV. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1996. Print.[8] Contemporary Authors Online. Ray Bradbury. Detroit: Gale, 2009. Web.[9][9] Heller, Terry. Magill's Survey of American Literature. Revised Edition. Pasadena: Salem Press, 2006. Print.[10] Ray Bradbury interview - The art of Fiction No. 203 (http:/ / www. theparisreview. org/ interviews/ 6012/

the-art-of-fiction-no-203-ray-bradbury) The Paris Review; Spring, 2009[11] Paradowski, Robert J. "Ray Bradbury." Critical Survey of Short Fiction, Second Revised Edition" 2001:1–5. EBSCO. November 8, 2010.[12] Sites from these works which still exist in Waukegan include his boyhood home, his grandparents' home next door (and their connecting

lawns where he and his grandfather gathered dandelions to make wine) and, less than a block away, the famous ravine which Bradbury used asa metaphor throughout his career.

[13][13] Paradowski, Robert J. "Ray Bradbury." Critical Survey of Short Fiction, Second Revised Edition (2001): UFO. November 10, 2010.[14][14] Terry Sanders' film Ray Bradbury: Story of a Writer (1963)[15] The Art of Fiction No. 203: Ray Bradbury (http:/ / www. theparisreview. org/ interviews/ 6012/ the-art-of-fiction-no-203-ray-bradbury),

Interviewed by Sam Weller; The Paris Review, Spring 2010[16] A Conversation with Ray Bradbury (http:/ / www. cosmolearning. com/ videos/ a-conversation-with-ray-bradbury-2001-1131/ ) Point Loma

Nazarene University, Writer's Symposium By The Sea; "The only science fiction I have written is Fahrenheit 451. It's the art of the possible.Science fiction is the art of the possible. It could happen. It has happened." Discussion of genres, finding one's voice. April 2001; CosmosLearning, English Literature

[17] Ray Bradbury interview (http:/ / lists. topica. com/ lists/ gsn-newsday-list/ read/ message. html?sort=t& mid=911788456) "I am not ascience fiction writer. I am a fantasy writer. But the label got put on me and stuck." March 23, 2005

[18] Personal lessons from futurist Ray Bradbury on crying, escaping, laughing (http:/ / www. oregonlive. com/ opinion/ index. ssf/ 2012/ 06/personal_lessons_from_futurist. html), by Mick Mortlock; Oregon Live, June 6, 2012

[19] Ray Bradbury Biography (http:/ / www. spaceagecity. com/ bradbury/ bio. htm) Ray Bradbury Online

Ray Bradbury 13

[20][20] Litz, A. Walton, and Molly Weigel, eds. American Writers (Supp. 4, Pt. 1). New York: Macmillian Library Reference. 1996. Print.[21] "Mayor, Author Launch Library Funding Drive" (http:/ / articles. latimes. com/ 1988-10-01/ local/ me-4256_1_central-library). Los Angeles

Times, October 1, 1988[22] Ray Bradbury Interview (http:/ / www. theparisreview. org/ interviews/ 6012/ the-art-of-fiction-no-203-ray-bradbury) The Paris Review[23] Ray Bradbury's close encounters with W.C. Fields, George Burns... (http:/ / herocomplex. latimes. com/ 2010/ 08/ 18/

ray-bradbury-has-the-most-amazing-dreams-i-write-screenplays-he-says-with-a-wink-in-the-middle-of-the-night-when-he-wa/ ) by SusanKing; Los Angeles Times, August 18, 2010

[24] Old Radio Shows (http:/ / oldradioshows. org/ )[25][25] The article linked appears in the source, but this name conflicts with the group's web site.[26] Ray Bradbury, From Truman Capote to A.T.M.’s (http:/ / 6thfloor. blogs. nytimes. com/ 2012/ 06/ 06/

ray-bradbury-from-truman-capote-to-a-t-m-s/ ), by Dean Robinson - 6th floor; The New York Times, June 6, 2012][27] Marguerite bradbury - Ray Bradbury Discussion (http:/ / www. raybradbury. com/ ubb/ Forum1/ HTML/ 000825. html) Ray Bradbury

Official website[28] Cuppy, Will, "Review of Dark Carnival," New York Herald Tribune Books, May 25, 1947.[29] Quoted by Kingsley Amis in New Maps of Hell: A Survey of Science Fiction (1960).[30] "The American Journey" by: Ray Bradbury http:/ / nywf64. com/ unista09. shtml[31] Ray Bradbury. "In 1982 he created the interior metaphors for the Spaceship Earth display at Epcot Center, Disney World." http:/ / www.

raybradbury. com/ bio. html[32] Ray Bradbury. "The images at Spaceship Earth in DisneyWorld's EPCOT Center in Orlando? Well, they are all Bradbury's ideas." http:/ /

www. raybradbury. com/ articles_town_talk. html[33] Ray Bradbury. "He also serves as a consultant, having collaborated, for example, in the design of a pavilion in the Epcot Center at Walt

Disney World." Referring to Spaceship Earth ... http:/ / www. raybradbury. com/ articles_book_mag. html[34][34] Litz, A. Walton., and Molly V. Weigel. American Writers: a Collection of Literary Biographies. New York: Scribner, 1996. Print[35] Ray Bradbury, 91, leaves a rich theatrical legacy too (http:/ / www. latimes. com/ entertainment/ arts/ culture/

la-et-cm-ray-bradbury-theater-20120606,0,3881510. story) by David Ng; Los Angeles Time, June 6, 2012[36] http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt1531642/[37] French, Lawrence "Richard Matheson remembers his good friend Charles Beaumont" (http:/ / cinefantastiqueonline. com/ 2010/ 03/

richard-matheson-remembers-his-good-friend-charles-beaumont/ ), March 24, 2010. Retrieved October 31, 2012.[38] http:/ / www. imdb. com/ title/ tt2180547[39] Interview with Ray Bradbury (http:/ / www. indiebound. org/ author-interviews/ bradburyray) in IndieBound, fall 2001.[40] Bradbury, Ray, From The Dust Returned: A Novel. William Morrow, 2001.[41] Stephen Comments on the Death of Ray Bradbury (http:/ / www. stephenking. com/ index. html?i=312). Stephen King. Retrieved June 7,

2012.[42] http:/ / bestsciencefictionstories. com/ 2008/ 02/ 21/ the-veldt-by-ray-bradbury/[43] http:/ / www. youtube. com/ watch?v=xvtNS6hbVy4[44] Summer Morning, Summer Night (http:/ / www. pspublishing. co. uk/

dandelion-wine-50th-anniversary-ed-signed-2-vol-sc-by-ray-bradbury--stephen-king-out-of-print-1022-p. asp), by Ray Bradbury; PSPublishing, 2007

[45] http:/ / sromagazine. biz/ mag/ one_hot_stage/ index. html[46] "Other SFWA Awards" (http:/ / www. locusmag. com/ SFAwards/ Db/ Sfwa. html). The Locus Index to SF Awards: About the Awards.

Locus Publications. Retrieved April 2, 2013.[47] "Frequently Asked Questions" (http:/ / www. sfwa. org/ nebula-awards/ nebula-weekend/ other-useful-links/ faq/ ). SFWA. Retrieved April

2, 2013. Quote: "Effective January 2009, here are the new rules for the Nebula Awards."[48] Distinguished Contribution to American Letters Award (http:/ / www. nationalbook. org/ nbaacceptspeech_rbradbury. html) with his

acceptance speech.[49] "Ray Bradbury Receives Star on Hollywood Walk of Fame" (http:/ / www. raybradbury. com/ awards_Hollywood. html). Press release,

office of Mayor Hahn, April 1, 2002. Retrieved April 2, 2013.[50] "The 2007 Pulitzer Prize Winners: Special Awards and Citations" (http:/ / www. pulitzer. org/ citation/ 2007-Special-Awards-and-Citations).

The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved November 2, 2013.[51] "The Eaton Awards" (http:/ / eatonconference. ucr. edu/ awards. html). Eaton Science Fiction Conference. University of California,

Riverside (ucr.edu). Retrieved April 2, 2013.[52] http:/ / tools. wmflabs. org/ geohack/ geohack. php?pagename=Ray_Bradbury& params=4. 5895_S_137. 4417_E_globe:Mars[53] Bob Pool, Intersection near L.A. library named for Ray Bradbury (http:/ / www. latimes. com/ news/ local/

la-me-bradbury-square-20121207,0,7487265. story), Los Angeles Times, December 6, 2012

Citations• Anderson, James Arthur (2013). The Illustrated Ray Bradbury. Wildside Press. ISBN 978-1-4794-0007-2.• Albright, Donn (1990). Bradbury Bits & Pieces: The Ray Bradbury Bibliography, 1974–88. Starmont House.

ISBN 1-55742-151-X.

Ray Bradbury 14

• Eller, Jonathan R.; Touponce, William F. (2004). Ray Bradbury: The Life of Fiction. Kent State University Press.ISBN 0-87338-779-1.

• Eller, Jonathan R. (2011). Becoming Ray Bradbury. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.ISBN 0-252-03629-8.

• Nolan, William F. (1975). The Ray Bradbury Companion: A Life and Career History, Photolog, andComprehensive Checklist of Writings. Gale Research. ISBN 0-8103-0930-0.

• Paradowski, Robert J.; Rhynes, Martha E. (2001). Ray Bradbury. Salem Press.• Reid, Robin Anne (2000). Ray Bradbury: A Critical Companion. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-30901-9.• Tuck, Donald H. (1974). The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy. Chicago: Advent. pp. 61–63.

ISBN 0-911682-20-1.• Weist, Jerry (2002). Bradbury, an Illustrated Life: A Journey to Far Metaphor. William Morrow and Company.

ISBN 0-06-001182-3.• Weller, Sam (2005). The Bradbury Chronicles: The Life of Ray Bradbury. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-054581-X.

External links• Official website (http:/ / www. raybradbury. com/ )• Ray Bradbury (http:/ / www. imdb. com/ name/ nm0001969/ ) at the Internet Movie Database• Ray Bradbury (http:/ / www. isfdb. org/ cgi-bin/ ea. cgi?194) at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database• Center for Ray Bradbury Studies (http:/ / iat. iupui. edu/ bradburycenter)• Ray Bradbury BBC radio dramatizations and readings (http:/ / www. suttonelms. org. uk/ ray-bradbury. html)• Works by Ray Bradbury on Open Library at the Internet Archive• Ray Bradbury (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20120722084039/ http:/ / www. empmuseum. org/ exhibitions/

index. asp?articleID=925) biography at the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame• Ray Bradbury (http:/ / topics. nytimes. com/ top/ reference/ timestopics/ people/ b/ ray_bradbury/ index. html)

collected news and commentary at The New York Times• Ray Bradbury (http:/ / www. theguardian. com/ books/ data/ author/ ray-bradbury) collected news and

commentary at The Guardian• Works by or about Ray Bradbury (http:/ / worldcat. org/ identities/ lccn-n79-139258) in libraries (WorldCat

catalog)• Ray Bradbury (http:/ / lccn. loc. gov/ n79139258) at Library of Congress Authorities — with 184 catalog records

Article Sources and Contributors 15

Article Sources and ContributorsRay Bradbury  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=592835060  Contributors: 147.188.60.xxx, 1exec1, 21655, 23skidoo, 2D, 5 albert square, 64.9.34.xxx, 6afraidof7, A. Parrot,A.amitkumar, AMDcze, Abce2, Abyssadventurer, Abyssopelagic, Acather96, Accotink2, Adam2005, Adambro, Addshore, Adrian.benko, AeonicOmega, Againme, Against the current,Ageekgal, Agooo13, Agricolae, Ahoerstemeier, Aitias, Ajh16, Ajoykt, Akosiyavre, Aksi great, AlainV, Alana Smithy, Alansohn, Alex43223, Alexf, All Hallow's Wraith, AllyUnion, Amaury,Amcl, Amen900, Amsnow9498, Ando228, Andonic, Andrewpmk, Andy M. Wang, Anetode, Angelakaysutton, Angusmclellan, Anoop467, Antandrus, Applebrick2, Aprock, Arakunem,Arcadian, Arjun01, Armchairslugger, Arthur Smart, Ashmoo, Atroche, Attilios, Aurum ore, Ausir, AussieLegend2, Axeman89, Ayla, AznBurger, Azncheesepuff, BBAD1234, BD2412, Baa,Baba's camel, Babbyshaker, Bachrach44, Balthazarduju, BarrettM82, Barrettmagic, Bastin, Bbsrock, Bcorr, Bear300, Beetstra, BehemothCat, BenRG, Bender235, Bevo4pres1, Beyazid, Bfigura'spuppy, Bhraal, Bhugh, Bihco, Bikoyski, BillWSmithJr, BillyJack193, Bilrand, Binksternet, Biruitorul, Bjones, Blackngold29, Blm07, BlueDevil, Bluejay Young, Bob the Rabbid,BobTheTomato, Bobo192, Boffy b, Boing! said Zebedee, Bombface, Bongomatic, Bongwarrior, BoredTerry, Boredzo, Brandmeister, Brian the Editor, Brianyoumans, BrightStarSky,BritishWatcher, BrokenSphere, Bruce1ee, Burntsauce, C S, C. A. Bridges, CRKingston, Cabe6403, Caiyu, Caltas, CambridgeBayWeather, Cameron McCasland, Can't sleep, clown will eat me,CapitalSasha, Capricorn42, Captain panda, Caracaskid, Cashewbrick, Catgut, CheckeredFlag200, Chooserr, Chowbok, Chris is me, Chrisrus, Christian75, Chuck02, Chun-hian, Cimon Avaro,Cincydude55, Ciotog, Cisforcalamity, Clark montana, Cmapm, Cocytus, Columba livia, Connormah, Conversion script, Corsair133693, Cosprings, Courcelles, Crap12, Crazymonkey1123,Cristian Cappiello, Croctotheface, Crowish, Crystallina, Ctu2485, Cuppysfriend, Cyan, CyberGhostface, D6, DARTH SIDIOUS 2, DB, DCGeist, DESiegel, DMacks, Dabbsy,DamnrightIgottheblues, Danc, DanielCD, DanielDeibler, Danno uk, Danscool, Darkfight, Darkmage4958, Daveharr, David Biddulph, DavidA, Davidstrauss, Dawn Bard, DeadEyeArrow,Deebeeee, Deekaradzata, Dekaels, Delicious carbuncle, Delldot, DemirBajraktarevic, Deor, DerHexer, Dfeuer, Dgw, DigiFluid, Dimadick, Discospinster, Dismas, Dmol, Dmoon1, Doc Strange,Dogmanstar25, Dogpa, Donner60, DoubleBlue, Dowew, Drappel, Dravecky, Drbogdan, Dreiss2, Drew Rindahl, Drmconway, Drmies, Drumbum1, Ds13, Dsp13, Dtgriscom, DuncanHill, E0N,EarlWestheimer, Edison, Edsallia, Educationdoctor, Edward, Eeekster, Ehn, El C, Elricbros123, Emc2, Englishprof1955, Epbr123, EpistlesofPaul, Er!klund:), Ericoides, ErikaMayo, Escalift,Escape Orbit, Eshlare, Etincelles, EurekaLott, Evanh2008, Everyking, Everyone Dies In the End, Excirial, FF2010, Faizan, Falcon8765, Fastfission, Favonian, Fconaway, Ferdinand Pienaar,Fireflyfanboy, FisherQueen, Fjarlq, Flauto Dolce, Flyer22, FocalPoint, Foofbun, Footwarrior, Fraggle81, Frankie0607, Freakachu, Frecklefoot, Fred Bauder, Funkyderek, Fæ, GB fan, GRuban,Gadflyr, Gaius Cornelius, Galliaz, Gamaliel, Garion96, GcSwRhIc, General Usage, GentlemanGhost, George18434, GeorgeLouis, Getaway, Gfoley4, Gh, Gilliam, Ginsuloft, Gjd001, Glacialfox,Glane23, Gogo Dodo, GoingBatty, Good Olfactory, Google123456, Graham87, Green Cardamom, Grendelkhan, Gtstricky, Guybrush, Guyzero, Hackerman, Hadal, HaeB, Hafizhamid, Halda,Haploidavey, HenryXVII, Hersfold, Heysford, Hgilbert, Hi, Jeff. Hi!, HidariMigi, Historianofart, HitroMilanese, Hmrox, Hu, Hu12, Huangdi, HueSatLum, Hut 8.5, Hydrargyrum, Hyliad,I'mDown, I1990k, IMC.esq, Ian Pugh, Ian Rose, Icarusgeek, Icrutt, Imperiumiv, Imran, Imthecoolest36, Indon, Inner Earth, Insan3 k1d, Insanephantom, Intelati, Inter, Into The Fray, InvisibleNoise, Iridescent, Irishguy, IrrTJMc, Islandboy99, Islander, Ixfd64, J-stan, J.delanoy, J1729, JForget, JFreeman, JGKlein, JStone, Jack Greenmaven, Jackbruce2010, JackofOz, JaimeyWB, JaimieHenry, Jajhill, Jake Wartenberg, JakeVortex, Jakew, James086, Jamse, Jan1nad, Jasenlee, Jauerback, JavierMC, Jay, Jay Champagne, Jay-Sebastos, JayJasper, Jbattersby, Jcb9, Jeanenawhitney,Jebba, Jebur, Jeff G., Jeffq, Jeffrd10, JerH, JesseHogan, Jgrahn, Jheald, Jill DeRay, Jim Douglas, Jim Michael, Jim1138, Jimknut, Jinjibïar, Jitterbugz, Jjjsixsix, Jklamo, Jmrowland, Jncraton,JoanneB, Joaquin008, Joel Schlosberg, John, John Fancher, John K, John Quincy Adding Machine, John of Reading, Johnmc, JohnnyLurg, Johnpacklambert, Johnsemlak, Jojhutton, JonteP83,Jordantrash, Jose1380, JoshuaZ, Jossi, Josve05a, Joygerhardt, Jpgordon, Jprg1966, Jprw, Jusdafax, Just is IN, JustAGal, Justiswats, Jzummak, Kbdank71, Kchishol1970, Keegan d, Keilana,Kevinalewis, Khazar2, Khukri, Kidlittle, Kingpin13, Kintetsubuffalo, Kmacthakilla, KnowledgeOfSelf, Koavf, Koolaidman425, Ktmm52, Kukini, Kuralyov, L Kensington, LGF1992UK,LGagnon, Ladygagaisamazing, Lalala03, LamontCranston, LanceHawvermale, LeaveSleaves, Legomyeggo252, Lemonade51, LeoDV, Lgdare4, LiaAriana, Liam665, Lifefeed, Liftarn, Lights,LilDice, Limideen, Linuxbeak, Lithistman, Logan, Lone-wolph, LorenzoB, LtNOWIS, LuK3, Luckas Blade, LuckyBob76, Luna Santin, Lx 121, LyleHoward, M.O.X, MCBastos, MGodwin,MJ94, MMSequeira, MONGO, Maciej Adwent, Macnizzy, Madhero88, Maelje, MafiaCapo, Magpiecomics, Mallanox, Malo, Mannanan51, Manuel Trujillo Berges, Marcus Brute, Marek69,MariaMitchell, Markewilliams, Markmc, Martarius, Martin451, Martpol, 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Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsFile:Ray Bradbury (1975) -cropped-.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ray_Bradbury_(1975)_-cropped-.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: Alan LightFile:Ray Bradbury Autograph.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ray_Bradbury_Autograph.svg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Ray BradburyFile:Ray Bradbury HS Yearbook.jpeg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ray_Bradbury_HS_Yearbook.jpeg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Los Angeles HighSchoolFile:Ray Bradbury 2009.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ray_Bradbury_2009.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0  Contributors: CalebSconosciutoFile:Headstone of Ray Bradbury, May 2012.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Headstone_of_Ray_Bradbury,_May_2012.jpg  License: Creative CommonsAttribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: User:MerkoshFile:Ray Bradbury 1959.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ray_Bradbury_1959.JPG  License: Public Domain  Contributors: CBS TelevisionFile:Ray Bradbury at Caltech 12 November 1971.ogv  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ray_Bradbury_at_Caltech_12_November_1971.ogv  License: Public Domain Contributors: Green CardamomFile:GeorgeRayLaura.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:GeorgeRayLaura.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Alan Liefting, Good Olfactory, LilDice,Monkeybait, Ohbusiness, PDH, Smcnair, 6 anonymous edits

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