Ratio 4 Small regions Large regions 2016 2000 (TL3) · 2019. 3. 8. · Bavaria Saxony - Anhalt Jobs...
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Updated the 5 th of March 2019 Regional gap in GDP per capita, 2000-16 Index of regional disparity in GDP per capita, 2016 Differences between German regions in terms of GDP per capita have decreased over the last sixteen years. However, regional economic disparities in Germany remain above the median of OECD countries, with Hamburg having 60% higher GDP per capita than Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. With a productivity growth of 1.6% per year over the period 2000-16, Thuringia is catching-up with respect to Hamburg, the frontier region in terms of productivity in Germany. Hamburg experienced the lowest productivity growth in the same period. While the youth unemployment rate has declined in practically all regions since 2007, in Berlin it was 11.6% in 2017, more than 7 percentage points higher than in Bavaria and almost 5 percentage points higher than the country average. Productivity trends, most and least dynamic regions, 2000-16 Youth unemployment rate, 15-24 years old, 2007-17 Source: OECD Regional Database. Notes: (1) Figure on regional gap in GDP per capita: OECD regions refer to the administrative tier of subnational government (large regions, Territorial Level 2); Germany is composed of 16 large regions. (2) Figure on index of regional disparity: top (bottom) 20% regions are defined as those with the highest (lowest) GDP per capita until the equivalent of 20% of national population is reached, this indicator provides a harmonised measure to rank OECD countries, using data for small regions (Territorial Level 3) when available. (3) Productivity is measured as GDP per employee at place of work in constant prices, constant Purchasing Power Parities (reference year 2010). 10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000 50 000 60 000 70 000 80 000 2000 2005 2010 2016 GDP per capita in USD PPP Lowest region Mecklenburg- Vorpommern Highest region Hamburg 29 133 USD 69 719 USD 43 110 USD Germany 1 2 3 4 Top 20 % richest over bottom 20% poorest regions Ratio Country (number of regions considered) Small regions (TL3) Large regions (TL2) 2016 2000 Germany 40 000 50 000 60 000 70 000 80 000 90 000 100 000 110 000 120 000 2000 2005 2010 2016 GDP per worker in USD PPP Thuringia: highest productivity growth (+1.6% annually) Hamburg: highest productivity in 2016 and lowest productivity growth (+-0.1% average annual growth over 2000-16) OECD 0 5 10 15 20 25 2007 2012 2017 rate (%) Lowest rate Bavaria Highest rate Berlin 4.2% 11.6% 6.8% Germany Regions and Cities at a Glance 2018 – GERMANY http://www.oecd.org/regional Economic trends in regions
Transcript of Ratio 4 Small regions Large regions 2016 2000 (TL3) · 2019. 3. 8. · Bavaria Saxony - Anhalt Jobs...
Updated the 5th of March 2019
Regional gap in GDP per capita, 2000-16 Index of regional disparity in GDP per capita, 2016
Differences between German regions in terms of GDP per capita have decreased over the last sixteen years. However, regional economic disparities in Germany remain above the median of OECD countries, with Hamburg having 60% higher GDP per capita than Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
With a productivity growth of 1.6% per year over the period 2000-16, Thuringia is catching-up with respect to Hamburg, the frontier region in terms of productivity in Germany. Hamburg experienced the lowest productivity growth in the same period.
While the youth unemployment rate has declined in practically all regions since 2007, in Berlin it was 11.6% in 2017, more than 7 percentage points higher than in Bavaria and almost 5 percentage points higher than the country average.
Productivity trends, most and least dynamic regions, 2000-16 Youth unemployment rate, 15-24 years old, 2007-17
Source: OECD Regional Database. Notes: (1) Figure on regional gap in GDP per capita: OECD regions refer to the administrative tier of subnational government (large regions, Territorial Level 2); Germany is composed of 16 large regions. (2) Figure on index of regional disparity: top (bottom) 20% regions are defined as those with the highest (lowest) GDP per capita until the equivalent of 20% of national population is reached, this indicator provides a harmonised measure to rank OECD countries, using data for small regions (Territorial Level 3) when available. (3) Productivity is measured as GDP per employee at place of work in constant prices, constant Purchasing Power Parities (reference year 2010).
10 000
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40 000
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80 000
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GDP per capita in USD PPP
Lowest regionMecklenburg-Vorpommern
Highest regionHamburg
29 133 USD
69 719 USD
43 110 USDGermany
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Top 20 % richest over bottom 20% poorest regionsRatio
Country (number of regions considered)
Small regions(TL3)
Large regions (TL2)
2016 2000
Germany
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70 000
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100 000
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2000 2005 2010 2016
GDP per worker in USD PPP
Thuringia: highest productivity growth (+1.6% annually)
Hamburg: highest productivity in 2016 and lowest productivity growth (+-0.1% average annual growth over 2000-16)
OECD
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15
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25
2007 2012 2017
rate (%)
Lowest rateBavaria
Highest rateBerlin
4.2%
11.6%
6.8%Germany
Regions and Cities at a Glance 2018 – GERMANY http://www.oecd.org/regional
Economic trends in regions
Updated the 5th of March 2019
Relative ranking of the regions with the best and worst outcomes in the 11 well-being dimensions, with respect to all 402 OECD regions. The eleven dimensions are ordered by decreasing regional disparities in the country. Each well-being dimension is measured by the indicators in the table below.
In six out of the eleven well-being dimensions, Germany has at least four regions in the top 20% of OECD regions, with the best performance observed in jobs and access to services. However, regional differences are particularly large in jobs, safety, education and sense of community.
The top performing German regions fare better than the OECD median region for all the well-being indicators, except for air pollution.
Source: OECD Regional Database. Visualisation: https://www.oecdregionalwellbeing.org. Notes: (1) OECD regions refer to the first administrative tier of subnational government (large regions, Territorial Level 2); Germany is composed of 16 large regions. (2) Household income per capita data are based on USD constant PPP, constant prices (year 2010).
Bavaria North Rhine-Westphalia
Thuringia Schleswig-Holstein
Hamburg
Hamburg
Baden-Württemberg
Saxony-Anhalt
Hamburg
Schleswig-Holstein
Baden-Württemberg
Berlin
Bremen
Rhineland-Palatinate Brandenburg
Saxony-Anhalt
Brandenburg
Saxony-Anhalt
Baden-Württemberg
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Bavaria
Saxony-Anhalt
Jobs Safety Education Community LifeSatisfaction
Access toservices
Health Housing Income Environment CivicEngagement
Top region Bottom region
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EC
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Berlin Regions (Bundesländer)
Top 20% Bottom 20%
Jobs
Employment rate 15 to 64 years old (%), 2017 74.9 67.7 78.1 71.6
Unemployment rate 15 to 64 years old (%), 2017 3.9 5.5 2.5 5.5
Safety
Homicide Rate (per 100 000 people), 2016 0.8 1.3 0.5 1.2
Education
Labour force w ith at least upper secondary education (%), 2017 86.7 81.7 91.7 84.2
Community
Perceived social netw ork support (%), 2013 94.0 91.4 95.0 92.6
Life Satisfaction
Life satisfaction (scale from 0 to 10), 2013 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.3
Access to services
Households w ith broadband access (%), 2017 92.0 78.0 94.4 83.3
Health
Life Expectancy at birth (years), 2016 81.0 80.4 81.9 80.4
Age adjusted mortality rate (per 1 000 people), 2016 7.8 8.1 7.4 8.2
Housing
Rooms per person, 2016 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.7
Income
Disposable income per capita (in USD PPP), 2016 23 887 17 695 26 193 20 618
Environment
Level of air pollution in PM 2.5 (µg/m³), 2015 14.1 12.4 12.5 15.8
Civic engagement
Voters in last national election (%), 2017 or lastest year 76.2 70.9 78.3 73.4
German regionsCountry
Average
OECD median
region
Differences in well-being across regions
Updated the 5th of March 2019
OECD population is concentrated in cities* Percentage of population in cities, 2016
Source: OECD Metropolitan Database. Number of cities: 96 in Germany and 1 138 in the OECD.
In Germany, 74% of the population lives in cities of more than 50 000 inhabitants. The share of population in cities with more than 500 000 people is 50% compared to 55% in the OECD area.
Importance of metropolitan areas Cities above 500 000 people, 2016
Contribution of metropolitan areas to GDP growth Cities above 500 000 people, 2000-16
Metropolitan areas in Germany account for 55% of national GDP and 52% of employment. Between 2000 and 2016 they generated 51% of the national GDP growth.
Seven German metropolitan areas are among the top 20% in the OECD in terms of GDP per capita. The richest metropolitan area, Munich, ranks 10th out of 327 metropolitan areas.
In terms of air pollution, only three German metropolitan areas, Aachen, Saarbrucken and Freiburg im Breisgau, rank better than the OECD median.
OECD Metropolitan areas ranking Cities above 500 000 people
GDP per capita, 2016
Air pollution (PM2.5), 2017
Source: OECD Metropolitan Database. Number of metropolitan areas with a population of over 500 000: 26 in Germany compared to 327 in the OECD. * Note: Cities are defined here as functional urban areas, which are composed by high-density urban centres of at least 50 000 people and their areas of influence (commuting zone). For more information, see: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/functionalurbanareasbycountry.htm.
50%
18%
6%
26%
United States
people in citieswith population above 500 000
peopleoutside cities
United States
people in cities withpopulation between50 000 and 250 000
82.2 million people - 74% live in cities
United StatesGermany
people in cities with population between 250 000 and 500 000
OECD average
1.2 billion people - 70%live in cities
people in citieswith population
above 500 000
people in cities withpopulation between
50 000 and 250 000
peopleoutside cities
55%
9%
30%
people in cities with populationbetween 250 000 and 500 000
6%
55% 52% 50%
63%58% 55%
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Metropolitan areas in the national economy
Updated the 5th of March 2019
Subnational government expenditure by function As a share of total subnational government expenditure, 2016
Subnational government expenditure amounts to USD 10 394 per capita in Germany compared to an OECD average of USD 6 817. In Germany, this is equivalent to 48.1% of total public expenditure and to 21.2% of GDP. In comparison, across the OECD, subnational government expenditure accounts for 40.4% of total public expenditure and for 16.2% of GDP. Social protection and general public services are the two largest spending items for subnational governments in Germany: together they represent 49% of subnational expenditure compared to 28% in the OECD area.
In Germany, 66.9% of total public investment was carried out by subnational governments compared to an OECD average of 56.9%.
Role of subnational governments in public investment Subnational government public investment per capita, 2016
Source: OECD Subnational Government Structure and Finance Database. Note: The function ‘Other’ includes housing and community amenities, recreation, culture and religion; environment; public order and safety.
OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance 2018
The 2018 edition of OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance shows how regions and cities contribute to national growth and the well-being of societies. It updates its regular set of region-by-region indicators, examining a wide range of policies and trends and identifying those regions that are outperforming or lagging behind in their country.
Consult this publication on line: https://oe.cd/pub/2n9
Health 2% 18% Health
Other 16% 15% Other
Economic affairs 12% 14% Economic affairs
General public services 23% 14% General public services
Education 22% 25% Education
Social protectionSocial protection 26% 14%
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Subnational expenditure per capita: USD 10 394 USD 6 817
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Total public investmentUSD 1 020 per capita2.1% of GDP
Total public investmentUSD 1 278 per capita3.0% of GDP
Subnational governmentinvestmentUSD 682 per capita66.9% of public invest.
USD per capita
Subnational government investmentUSD 727 per capita 56.9% of public invest.
OECD averageGermany
Subnational government finance
