Rathnapura Municipal Council Municipal Solid Waste Management · 2017. 6. 7. · Content List of...

Rathnapura Municipal Council

Municipal Solid Waste Management

Baseline Study - 2012

Rathnapura

Report Prepared and submitted by, SEVANATHA Urban Resource Centre

#102/2, Koswatta Road, Nawala, Rajagiriya, Sri Lanka Tel/Fax: 0094 112878893 Email: [email protected]

UN-ESCAP WASTE CONCERN RATHNAPURA MC SEVANATHA

Content List of tables NO Description Page Table 01 Composition of solid waste,Sri Lanka 1 Introduction 1 Table 02 Municipal Waste generation in Sri Lanka 2 Overview of MSW Management of Sri Lanka 2 Table 03 Household size of Rathnapura 3 Location and Basic Information 3 Table 04 Educational Qualification of respondents 4 Baseline study - Methodology 4 Table 05 Households Income 5 Characteristics of hundrened households 5 Table 06 Profession of the head of households 6 Characteristics of fifty non-domestic units 6 Table 07 Type of selected non domestic units 7 Physical composition of waste 7 Table 08 No of visitors to non-domestic units 8 Domestic waste generation 8 Table 09 Physical Composition of Waste 9 Non-domestic waste generation 9 Table 10 Composition of Waste( Major types) 10 Total waste generation 10 Table 11 Sample Survey - Domestic waste generated 11 Average waste density 10 Table 12 Waste generation from Domestic units (daily) 12 Resource allocation and capacities 11 Table 13 Daily waste generation-non domestic units 13 Budgetary allocation for waste management 12 Table 14 Daily waste collection of Non-domestic units 14 Existing compost plant 13 Table 15 Municipal solid waste generation per day 15 Informal waste collection system 14 Table 16 Average Waste density 16 Community satisfaction , demand and need on Solid

waste management- Domestic Units 15 Table 17 Formal waste collection system by RMC Table 18 Vehicles available for waste management 17 Community satisfaction , demand and need on Solid

waste management- Non-Domestic Units 19 Table 19 Labor force availability Table 20 Budgetary allocation for waste management 2006-12 18 Marketing Analysis of Compost 21 Table 21 Plant inputs, out puts and operation 19 Conclusion 22 Table 22 Informal waste collection

Abbreviations List of Figures CBO Community Based Organization Figure01 Composition of solid waste,Sri Lanka GND Grama Niladhari Division Figure02 Location Map IRRC Integrated Resource Recovery Centre Figure03 Study Flow Chart MEC Micro Enrich Compost Figure04 Physical composition of waste Rathnapura MC MSL Mean Sea Level Figure05 Waste stream of Rathnapura Municipal Council NGO Non Government Organization Figure06 Budgetary allocation for waste management 2006/12 NSWMSC Nationoal Solid Waste Management Support Center RMC Rathnapura Municipal Council SWM Solid Waste Management

UNESCAP United Nations Economic Social commission in Asia Pacific

WC Waste Concern Introduction

This baseline study was carried out as part of regional project being implemented by the UN-ESCAP on promotion of Integrated Resource Recovery Centers (IRRC) as a strategic option to establish sustainable urban waste management system in developing countries in the Asia and Pacific region. Sevanatha Urban Resource Center acts as the local partner organization in Sri Lanka for project planning and implementation with relevant municipal councils. The Waste Concern consultant in Dhaka, Bangladesh provides technical support for the project.

The first pilot project on IRRC in Sri Lanka was implemented in 2007 by Sevanatha in Matale town with the financial and technical support from the UN-ESCAP and Waste Concern consultants. The IRRC concept is aimed at promoting a business model to implement the 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycling) approach by which all marketable resource materials from urban waste will be extracted through a partnership arrangement between the public and private sector for running waste management as a business. It is envisaged that IRRC approach would be able to generate sufficient income from urban waste to operate a sustainable municipal waste management system.

In Matale, the Sevanatha with its subsidiary company called Micro Enrich Compost (Pvt) Limited has been implementing the IRRC project since 2007. This project has motivated the people in residential and non- residential areas to separate waste at source and hand over it to workers of the IRRC project. The project has been running a compost plant with a capacity of 3 tons of organic waste per day for making compost for sale. It also collects all the recyclable materials to be processed and selling to whole sale buyers. Collection of these materials as mixed waste and dispose them to an open dump site has been the waste management practice of the municipal council for many years. Under the current IRRC in Matale all types of waste generators participate in the program as stakeholders. It has been able to reduce four tons of waste per day going into the open dump and also to produce about eight tons of compost per month and sell about twenty tons of recyclables per month.

Because of the success of Matale IRRC project, The UN-ESCAP and Sevanatha have decided to expand the IRRC approach to city scale in Matale and other selected cities in Sri Lanka. Cities selected for expansion of IRRC in Sri Lanka are Ratnapura and Dambulla municipal councils in addition to Matale. In order to implement IRRC at city scale it follows a step-by-step process as indicated below

1. Approval of the municipal council for implementation of IRRC project with private sector participation 2. Carry of a baseline survey on municipal waste generation and management 3. Prepare a business plan for IRRC to manage municipal waste in a PPP arrangement 4. Agree on partners’ roles and responsibilities in IRRC 5. Project design, implementation and capacity building of partners 6. Operate IRRC as PPP project

PPP=Public Private Partnership

Overview of Municipal Solid Waste Management of Sri Lanka Figure 01: Composition of solid waste,Sri Lanka

Source: NSWSC Colombo, Sri Lanka

Table 01: Composition of solid waste, Sri Lanka Type Percentage 1 Bio degradable (short term) 56.6 2 Paper 6.5 3 Wooden 6.4 4 Saw dust/Paddy husk 6.0 5 Bio degradable(Long term) 5.9 6 Polythene & plastic 5.9 7 Demolition waste 3.9 8 Metals 2.8 9 Slaughter house wastes 2.3 10 Glass 2.0 11 Other 1.7 Total 100 Table 02:Municipal Waste generation in Sri Lanka Municipal Councils Population

(2001) Daily waste

generation (Tons)

1 Colombo 642,163 675 2 Dehiwala 209,787 272 3 Moratuwa 177,190 150 4 Kotte 115,826 125 5 Negombo 121,933 110 6 Galle 90,934 50 7 Gampaha 9,438 20 8 Kandy 110,049 80 9 Matale 36,352 26 10 NuwaraEliya 25,049 20 11 Badulla 40,920 20 12 Jaffna 78,781 NA 13 Rathnapura 46,309 30 14 Kalmunei 105,000 50 15 Kurunegala 38,337 38 16 Kaduwela 270,000 35 17 Dambulla 66,727 67 18 Batticaloa 88,459 60 19 Anuradapura 81,522 37 20 M 74 297 27

Composition of solid waste, Sri Lanka

According to the data gathered from the National Solid Waste Support Center, Colombo Sri Lanka, the composition of municipal solid waste is shown under the categories as in table 01. Accordingly the bio degradable waste comprised the major portions of the waste. of the balance, paper, polythene, plastic, metals and glass which considered recyclable materials represents smaller percentages. The waste that cannot be used for any purpose such as demolition waste, slaughter house waste and other waste require space for safe disposal. According to above data large volume of waste can be used for beneficial purpose such as composting. The recycling of waste also can be initiated since reasonable volume of waste available for that purpose.

Municipal Waste generation in Sri Lanka With the recently upgraded local authorities to municipal council status,Sri Lanka as 23 Municipal Councils as listed in table02. It was difficult to gather updated information on solid waste generation situation these municipalties.The data represented in the table are from 2004 to 2010 hence it is difficult to understand the current level of waste generation of most of the municipal councils in Sri Lanka. It was also not possible to gather data from three municipal councils during our efforts. However it is intended to follow up this all this local authorities to collect updated data on this subject by Sevenatha. According to this table the municipal council areas located within greater Colombo region generate over 1200 tons per day. The highest waste generating municipalities is city of Colombo while the adjoining cities of Dehiwala Mt-Lavaniya stands as the second highest of waste. The Majority of Municipal council generate between 30 to 80 tons of mixed

Location and Basic Information Rathnapura Municipal Council

Basic Information 1 Country Sri Lanka 2 Province Sabaragamuwa 3 District Rathnapura 4 Divisional Secretariat Division Rathnapura 5 Local authority Municipal Council

6 Location

101 km from the capital city of Colombo Located toward South East direction between Northern latitudes 6.41-6.42 and Eastern longitudes 80.23-80.24

7 Topography Elevation between 15-305 meters 8 Annual rainfall 4,000 to 5,000 mm 9 Average temperature From 24 to 35 °C

10 Height from MSL 21m 11 Extent 22.18 km2 12 No of Grama Niladari Divisions 17 13 No of council wards 15

Demography 14 Total Population 51665 (Estimated in 2011) 15 Daily floating population About 150000 16 Average population density 2400persons/km2 17 Population growth rate 1.10% 18 Household size 4.3 19 No of housing units 10,382

Annual Budget - 2012 20 Total Income Rs:280,282,237

Figure 02: Location Map

Baseline study – Methodology

21 Total Expenditure Rs:280,204,300 Source: Annual Budget Rathnapura Municipal Council 2012


Figure 03 : Study Flow Chart Sample selection 100 - Residential unit

50 – Non residential unit

Field work preparation Training survey team members

Sample selection and field work preparation

Provision of reference numbers for selected samples unit & community awareness

Data collection Collection of waste samples

Data from household

Data from formal waste collection system Data from informal waste collection system Data from fertilizer shops' dealers Data from framing activities Existing compost plant data

Analysis Record the weight of collected samples

Calculate per capita residential and non residential waste generation rate

Calculate per capita waste generation rate Estimate the present population Project the total quantity of waste generation in the city Physical composition of waste samples Evaluation of Existing SWM &

Recycling system Formal Waste Management and Recycling

Existing compost plant

Informal Waste Management and Recycling

Farming activity

Assessment of community needs & Demands

Characteristics of selected for the sample survey Rathnapura Municipal Council The data collected through the questionnaire survey from the selected 100 households and the 50 non-domestic units of RMC have been used for this analysis. The purpose of

Marketing of compost & its usage in agriculture

Objective

To examine the feasibility of different resource recovery options for Rathnapura municipal council area with an analysis of existing waste management system of the city.

Scope of the study

The scope of the baseline study was to carry out all the specific aspects mentioned above to get a comprehensive picture relating to the generation and management of domestic and institutional waste in Rathnapura Municipal Council area. It has not included an analysis of hazardous waste generation and management from industries and hospitals. It is important to note that, all the aspects studied under this baseline survey have been organized to facilitate in conducting the marketing and business studies on this programme as follow up activities.

Sampling method Mix of Quota Sampling and Judgment sampling

methods

Sample size 100 Households and 50 Non residential units

within Rathnapura Municipal Council Area

conducting this house hold survey was to identify the responses of local residence regarding the SWM service which is being provided by the RMC and to understand the attitudes, awareness, knowledge and the contribution of the residents about the solid waste collection and management in the town. For this purpose a random representative sample of local residents, commercial units and institutions were selected and data gathered.

Characteristics of hundrened households selected for the sample survey

Table 03: Household size

Household size No of Units Percentage

Below 3 14 14 3 to 5 63 63 Above 5 23 23

Total 100 100

According to the selected sample; majority (63%) of households represent 3-5 persons per HH. 23% of households were more than 5 members. The balance 14% was below 3 members in a household.

Table 04: Educational Qualification of respondents

Educational Qualification

No of Respondents Percentage

Primary 16 16 Secondary 77 77 Higher 7 7

Total 100 100

When considering education qualification of the respondents it was found that 77% of them achieved up to secondary level education.16% of respondents have achieved up to primary education only. Just 7% of respondents have higher educational qualifications.

Table05: Households Income

Monthly Income (Rs) No of units Percentage

Below Rs:10,000 9 9 Rs 10,000- Rs

25,000 63 63

Rs 25,000- Rs 50,000 23 23

Above Rs: 50,000 5 5

Total 100 100

When considering the monthly income of the households' 63% were identified falling between Rs: 10000-Rs: 25000 monthly income. Another 23% were between Rs: 25,000 - Rs: 50,000 income category. Just 5% of the households were found earning more than Rs: 50,000 monthly incomes. The income of balance 9% were below Rs: 10,000 per month.

Table 06: Profession of the head of household

Profession No of Respondent Percentage

Government employee 11 11 Private employee 25 25 Business 41 41 Housewife 9 9 Retired 12 12 Unemployed 2 2

Total 100 100

When considering the profession of the head of households a majority(41%) of them were businessman. 25% of were employed in the private sector. while 11% of them were engaged in government sector 12% were retired. In addition to the above 9% were identified as being housewives. Just 2% of the head of households were found unemployed.

Characteristics of fifty non-domestic units

Table 07: Type of selected non domestic units

Type of Unit No of Units Percentage

Hotel & restaurant 12 24 Grocery & Retail shops 10 20 Vegetable & fruit stalls 11 22 Institutions 7 14 Market(Public/Private) 3 6 Other 7 14

Total 50 100

When considering 50 non domestic units; 24% of were restaurants and hotels of different scales. In addition to above 20% of the sample represented groceries /retail shops. Fruits and vegetable stalls were 22% of the sample. 14% were under public and private institutions such as school, banks, administrative institutions, religious places in the sample. 6% comprised of the public and private markets. The balance 14% included salon, tailor shops, communications, pharmacies, cosmetics shops etc...

Table 08:No of visitors to non-domestic units

No of visitors per day No of units Percentage

Below 50 13 26 51-100 14 28 101-200 6 12 201-400 11 22 More than 400 6 12

Total 50 100

Majority (28%) of non domestic units was experienced 50-100 customers or visitors per day. Another 26% said that they have below 50 customers per day. 12% indicated 100-200 customers per day. 22% of respondents said that they have 200-400 customers per day. The balance 12% stated they were having more than 400 customers per day.

Physical composition of solid waste Rathnapura Municipal Council

Table9 : Physical Composition of solid waste

Type Thursday (kg)

Friday (kg)

Saturday (kg)

Sunday (kg)

Monday (kg)

Tuesday (kg)

Wednesday (kg) Total (kg) %

Vegetable waste 101.5 75 149.5 94 98.5 94.5 92 705 69.3

Grass wood 5 5 12.5 8 6.5 16.5 9 62.5 6.1

Paper 15 8.5 7 6 11.5 14.5 5 67.5 6.6

Plastic 1 0.5 1 1 0.5 1 1.5 6.5 0.6

Iron Metal 0.5 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0.5 3.5 0.3

Polythene 7.5 7.5 5.5 5 7.5 9 4 46 4.5

Glass 0 1.5 0 0.5 0 0 1.5 3.5 0.3

Card board 3.5 1.5 2 1.5 1.5 1 5 16 1.6

Textile 0.5 0.5 0 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.5 0.2

Coconut shell 1 3 9.5 7 4 2.5 8 35 3.4

Rubber 0 0 0 0 2 1.5 0 3.5 0.3

Sack 0.5 0 1.5 0 0 0 0.5 2.5 0.2

Other 6.5 0 0.5 50 5.5 0 1.5 64 6.3

Total(kg) 142.5 104 189.5 173.5 138.5 141 129 1018 100.0

Table10 : Composition of Waste by major types

Type Weight (kg) Percentage Organic Waste 767.5 75 Recyclable Waste 143 14 Other Waste 107.5 11

Total 1018 100 Source: Baseline Survey of Rathnapura Municipal Council 26th of January to 01st of February 2012

Among the selected 150 sample units; 25 units comprising 18 domestic units and 7 nondomestic units were considered for calculation of physical composition of the municipal waste. They were requested to collect mix waste collected within their premises per day to bags provided by the research team of Sevenatha. The segregated waste covering a day was collected on the following day between 7 am -12 noon for a period of 8 days. The collected waste from domestic and non domestic units were brought in to compost plant of RMC and segregated according to the instruction provided by the Waste Concerns Consultants and the UNESCAP. The segregated waste was weighted and the results obtains are presented in this paragraphs. It was found that 69.25% of the waste contained with vegitable, friuts and kitchen waste. 6.14%were comprised of grass woods. Another 6.63% were paper, 4.52% were polythene, 1.57% were cardboard, just 0.64% were plastic and 0.34% of glass and metal were there. Coconut shells were recorded as 3.34% of the sample. The remaining 6.29% contains other waste such as fiber, stone were there. When considering the IRR option it is important to identify the organic, recyclable and other waste compositions. According to the analysis 75.39% of waste consisted the organic waste. It is high value than the national average of organic waste composition in the municipal waste in Sri Lanka. In addition to the above; 14.05% of recyclable waste found in the sample consisting of paper and polythene. 10.56% of the waste contained other waste such as textile, fiber, stone, coconut shells, sand.

Domestic waste generation Rathnapura Municipal Council

Table11: Sample Survey - Domestic waste generation Table 12: Estimation of waste generation from domestic units (daily) Day Weight (kg)

Population Density

Name of the ward No of units

60% as collecti

on

Baseline Study For IRRC 1 Thursday 192 Organic

Waste (kg)

Recyclable Waste (kg)

Other Waste

(kg)

Total Waste generation

(kg)

Organic Waste(kg)

Recyclable

Waste (kg) 2 Friday 193

3 Saturday 189

Hig

h de

nsity

Bazaar 230 138 219 41 31 291 219 16 4 Sunday 206 Fort 335 201 319 59 45 424 319 24 5 Monday 267 Warakathota 151 91 145 27 20 192 145 11 6 Tuesday 236

Med

ium

de

nsity

Godigamuwa 1136 682 1083 202 152 1437 1083 81 7 Wednesday 200 Mudduwa 965 579 920 171 129 1220 920 69 Total 1481 Muwagama 1186 712 1131 211 158 1500 1131 84 Average daily

generation 212 Pompakele 550 330 524 98 73 695 524 39

Low

den

sity

New Town 1372 823 1307 243 183 1734 1307 97 Pulungupitiya 263 158 251 47 35 333 251 19

No of selected Households (Selected sample) 100 Anngammana 550 330 524 98 73 695 524 39

Batugedara 581 348 553 103 77 733 553 41 No of persons in selected 100

Household units 430 Dewalayagawa 828 497 789 147 111 1047 789 59 Weralupa 1066 640 1017 189 142 1348 1017 76

Total waste generation by 430 persons for 7days 1481kg Kospelawinna 1085 651 1034 193 145 1372 1034 77

Thriwanaketiya 469 281 446 83 63 592 446 33

Waste generation rate of households(kg/person/day)

1481/(7*430) Total 10767 6461 10263 1911 1438 13613 10263 765

Note: Household size was 4.3 and Percapita waste generation rate was 0.49kg/cap/day for above calculations. Organic waste composition 75%, Recyclable waste composition 14%, other waste 11% 0.49

Assumption 01: Waste will collected from 60% of Housing units of RMC in all stages of IRRC project; Rest of households

will disposed in their own land and which waste generation was not considered for above calculation Assumption 02:Only 40% of Clean Recyclable waste will be generated from households & 60% will rejected in IRRC.

For the purpose of estimating total waste generation by domestic units, per capita generation of 0.49 was used based on the above calculations. The other two important

assumptions used in this estimate include; the waste collection coverage in the city to be 60% and the only 40% out of total recyclable waste from domestic waste can be used for sale. In addition to the above the ward wise population of RMC estimated for year 2012 was used for calculating the total domestic waste generation. Accordingly; it was estimated that the generation of total domestic waste can be around 13613 kg per day. This total may consist of 10263kg organic waste, 1911kg

recyclable waste and 1438kg other waste.

Non- domestic waste generation Rathnapura Municipal Council

Table13: Sample Survey - Non domestic waste generated Table 14 :Estimation of daily waste generation by non-domestic units

Day Weight (kg) No of Units

Average waste

generation from unit

(kg)

Total waste generation from non

domestic unit

Organic Waste (kg)

Recyclable waste (kg)

70% of recyclable

Other Waste (kg)

1 Thursday 3631.0 2 Friday 1457.5 3 Saturday 1555.5 1788 11 17186 12957 2413 1689 1817 4 Sunday 1565.0 5 Monday 1489.5 Note: Average waste generation of one non-domestic unit was calculated through the total weight

of waste which generated from non domestic units by dividing the no of units.( by using baseline survey sample). Organic waste composition 75%, Recyclable waste composition 14%, other waste 11%

6 Tuesday 1536.0 7 Wednesday 1429.0

Total 12663.5

Average daily generation 1809

Assumption 03: Waste will collected from 90% of Non-Domestic units of RMC in all stages of IRRC project; Rest of them will disposed in their own land and which waste generation was not considered for above calculation.

No of selected Non domestic units(Selected sample) 50

Assumption 04: Only 70% of Clean Recyclable waste will be generated from non-domestic units and Rest will rejected in IRRC.

No of visitors 12270

Total waste generation per 12770 persons per 7days (kg) 12663.5

Waste generation rate of non domestic units (kg/person/day)

12663.5/(7*12270 )

0.15 It was found that the per capita generation of waste for non domestic unit was 0.15kg per day based on the no of visitors who visit the non domestic unit. In addition to

above another indicator was used for calculating the percapita generation of waste for the same units in order to compare the two indicators. The total quantity of waste generated within non domestic units was calculated and divided the no of units and obtained the per unit waste generation rate. The result was 11kg per day per unit. When comparing the above two generation rates it can be argued that 11kg per day per unit would be more reasonable than the 38kg per unit per day which should be a quite high figure to be considered. The other two important assumptions used in this estimate include; the waste collection coverage in the city to be 90% and the only 70% out of total recyclable waste from non domestic recyclable waste can be used for sale. In addition to above licensed commercial units and no of public and private institutions were considered. Accordingly; it was estimated that the generation of total non domestic waste can be around 17186kg per day. This total may consist of

12957kg organic waste, 2413kg recyclable waste and 1817kg other waste.

Total waste generation Rathnapura Municipal Council

Per capita waste generation from domestic units = 0.49kg/person/day According to the calculations the total waste generation rate of the RMC was 0.64 kg/person/day. The total waste generation was calculated by multiplying per capita waste generation rate and the estimated population of RMC in 2012. Accordingly the estimated quantity of waste will be 33.1 tons per day. This value does not include the industrial waste, clinical waste, street sweeping waste, construction debris and tree cuttings etc...

Per Capita waste generation from non-domestic units = 0.15kg/person/day Total Waste generation rate = 0.49 + 0.15 kg/person/day = 0.64 kg/person/day Total Population 2012(estimated) = 51665 Total Waste generation = 51665 * 0.64 kg/day = 33066kg/day

Source: Baseline Study of Rathnapura Municipal Council 26th of January to 01st of February 2012

Table15 :Municipal solid waste generation per day It was assumed that the waste from 60% of domestic units and 90% of non domestic units will be collected through all stages of IRR option and then total waste generation from the above units was calculated. According to that the total waste generation will be 30.8tons per day. This value also had not included the industrial waste, clinical waste, street sweepings, construction debris and tree cuttings etc...

Daily Organic waste generation (kg)

Daily Recyclable waste generation (kg)

Daily other waste generation (kg)

Total waste generation (kg)

23220 4324 3254 30798

Note: 60% of Domestic units and 90% of Non-Domestic units had only considered for daily waste generation calculation

Total waste generation Rathnapura Municipal Council

Table16 : Average Waste density Day Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Total

Weight (kg) 142.5 104.0 189.5 173.5 138.5 141.0 129.0 1018.0

Average Waste Density = Total Weight / Total volume = 1018 kg / 3.20 m3

= 318 kg m-3

Volume

(m3) 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 3.2

Density kg/m3 290.8 297.1 326.7 279.8 337.8 371.1 358.3 318.1

The density of solid waste is an important factor to be considered in respect of designing the final waste disposal system including the composting. Base on the

guidelines used for this survey daily waste density was calculated as shown in table 16. the figures were then used for calculating the average density for the entire city which was 318kg m-3 .

Existing system of waste management and recycling Rathnapura Municipal Council

Figure 05: Waste stream of Rathnapura Municipal Council Table 17:Formal waste collection system by Rathnapura Municipal Council Waste Producers

Waste Collector Processing Forward linkages Daily Waste Collection 20-25 tons


Open Landfil

Staff employed on waste collection Permenent-43, Tempory-16

Domestic Waste

Total staff on waste management Staff-06, Labors- 59

Recycling and

Reuse

Informal Sector

Type of equipment used 4 W Tractor 5, 2W Tractors 2, Compactor 1 Composting

(Bin method)

Whole sale dealers

Waste transportation

system Open waste transport system by tractors

Own Initiative

Disposal (On site)

Availability of transfer station Not available

Use fee on waste collection No waste collection fee

Rathnapura Municipal Council Composting

Non-domestic Waste

Hazardous waste

collection system

RMC doesn’t collect hazardous waste from hospital and hazardous waste generation sources have their own methods to dispose such wastes.

Open Landfill Informal Sector

Recyclable waste collection

There is no proper system for recyclable waste collection. Municipal Council does not sell recyclable items but Waste Collecting

Recycling and Reuse

Whole sale dealers

Workers sell the recyclable waste.

Workers sell the recyclable waste. Own Initiative

Sales of Recyclable items The recyclable items are sold to the recycling shops located in the city

Disposal (On site)

Resource allocation and capacities Rathnapura Municipal Council

Table18 : Vehicles available for waste management Table19: Labor force availability Vehicle Volume Density Load No of Collection Monthly fuel Labor force Existing

Budgetary allocation for waste management Rathnapura Municipal Council Table20: Budgetary allocation for waste management 2006-2012(LKR)

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

(m3) (ton/m3) (Ton) trips amount(T) cost(LKR) capacity

4wheel Tractors

49-8520 4.4 0.4 1.6 2.0 3.2 23,000.00 PHIs 5

37-9627 4.4 0.4 1.6 3.0 4.9 23,000.00 Overseers 5

HY 9588 3.08 0.4 1.2 3.0 3.5 23,000.00 Waste collectors 59

HY 9674 4.36 0.4 1.6 5.0 8.1 23,000.00 Drivers 12 270-2712 4.4 0.4 1.6 2.0 3.2 23,000.00 Minor Supervisors

(Labors) 8

2Wheel Tractors

74-1294 3.2 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.7 5,750.00 CDO’s 3

75-2808 3.2 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.7 5,750.00 Hospital tailor 5.2 1.7 2.0 3.5

Compactor 7.1 2.8 1.0 2.8 46,000.00 Gully Sucker 3600l 69,000.00

Total 20 30.6 241,500.00 Currently; the RMC conducting waste collection and management under the limited resource capacity. They have 7 tractors, compactor and hospital tailor and gully

sucker for waste collection. Also the labor force of RMC for waste collection and management are not sufficient for the cover the whole municipal area. The rate of absentee is very high and currently RMC is covered nearly 60% of the municipal area with this limited no of resources. In addition to the RMC had also allocated for large amount of money for waste collection and management annually.

(LKR) (LKR) (LKR) (LKR) (LKR) (LKR) (LKR) 1 Solid waste collection 13,511,680 18,102,556 20,547,510 20,743,903 20,940,295 16,228,899 21,330,500 2 Solid waste management 63,580 400,681 420,450 1,004,254 1,218,012 1,398,214 1,905,300

Total 13,575,260 18,503,237 20,967,960 21,748,157

22,158,307 17,627,113 23,235,800 Source: Annual Budgets - Rathnapura Municipal Council Note: Allocation for drainage cleanings not included.

Figure 06 :Budgetary allocation for waste management 2006-2012

When considering the annual budgetary allocation for SWM by RMC; it was increasing from SLR 13,575,260 in the year 2006 to SLR 23,235,800 in the year 2012; which is 71% increase over the period of 6 years. It was also found that a large percentage of municipal budget 95% was allocated for solid waste collection. The wages of labors, vehicles maintenance, fuel costs and other administrative cost were included in solid waste collection. Under the solid waste management it included compost plant operation and maintains wages and incentives of labors and related administrative cost of waste management.

Existing compost plant Rathnapura Municipal Council Table 21 : Plant inputs, out puts and operation

Plant Inputs/outputs

1. Management By Rathnapura Municipal Council 2. Location Outer circular road , Rathnapura 3. Existing Capacity 10ton per day

4. Amount of waste brought to the plant daily

Total waste 2 tons Percentage organic 99% Separation method Manual Separation at source Moisture content High

5. Production 6000kg of Compost monthly 6. Prices Retail: Rs 10per 1kg Whole sale: Rs 6 per 1kg

7. Main Problems

Legal problem due to nearby residential activities Not a sanitary plant

Used windrow method No proper management system to run the plant Inadequate technical inputs

Plant Operation 8. Days of operation 7 days for week

9. No of Workers

Male 4 Female 10 Supervisor(Male) 1 Total 15

10. Electricity 2kWh 11. Fuel(Diesel) 50-60 liters 12. Water 16- 20 m3

13. Monthly Operational Cost (Rs)

Salaries 149,449 Waste collections 67,620 Water bill 4,000 Electricity bill 400 Other 5,000 Total 226,469

14. Monthly Income (Rs) Compost selling 60,000

Informal waste collection system Rathnapura Municipal Council Table 22 : Informal waste collection

Type of Actors Scale No of actors Type Quantity

(kg) Buying price

(Rs/kg) Market

Junk shop dealers

Large scale 3

Bottle 1/4 300 Nos 2.00

In Colombo

1/2 250 Nos 5.00 1 250 Nos 10.00 Aluminum 50 110.00 Metal 450 40.00 - 45.00 Paper 50 20.00 Copper 5 400.00 Plastic 40 10.00-12.00 Cardboard 200 7.00 Sacks 100nos 15.00 - 20.00 Batteries 8kg 70.00

Door to door collectors

Small and medium

scale 11

Bottle 1/4 300 Nos 1.00

In Colombo &

Rathnapura

1/2 250 Nos 2.00 1 250 Nos 5.00

Aluminum 1 100.00 Metal 10 40.00 Paper 5 10.00 Copper 2 400.00 Plastic 6 10.00 Cardboard 50 6.00 Sacks 20 10.00

There are three large scale Informal waste collectors and 11 small scale collectors who are connected with

large scale recyclable dealers are operating in RMC. The type of recyclable waste collected by small scale operators vary as they collected some selected items. However most of them collected cardboard, bottle, metal, paper, sacks etc... It was very difficult to gather information on the quantity of recyclable waste collected per day or month by these operators since there is no proper record keeping by them. It was only possible to get the unit price of the items they purchase by recyclable operators in the RMC.

Community satisfaction, demand and need on Solid waste management Rathnapura Municipal Council Satisfaction, demand and needs of domestic units

Community preference for system of removing household waste

Household waste removal system No of Units

1 A collector will collect the waste from the house 93

2 The collector will come to a certain place at a certain time 3

3 You yourself will dispose the waste in the dustbins 4

4 You will keep your waste container

at a certain time by the roadside and the collector will collect from there

0

Total 100

When considering the households waste collection, 93% of respondents prefer the door to door waste collection system. Of the rest 3% prefer to keep the waste in a designated point to be collected by the municipality. The balance 4% said they can dispose waste themselves.

Community preference of waste collection duration

Waste collection duration No of Units

1 Daily 40 2 Once in two days 58 3 Weekly 2 4 Irregularly 0

Total 100

According to the respondents 40% prefer daily collection of waste while 58% has indicated preference on once in two day collection. The balance 2% prefer even to have once a week waste collection. Though it is daily or once in two days collection majority expect the regular service of waste collection from local authorities.

Community preference of waste collection duration

Waste collection time No of Units

1 Morning(8am-11am) 71 2 Noon 0 3 Afternoon (2pm-4pm) 7 4 Evening (4pm-6pm) 22

Total 100

According survey; it was revealed that 71 % of the respondents prefer collection of waste in the morning hours 8.00am -11.00 am of the day. About 22% stated they prefer evening waste collection from 4.00pm to 6.00 pm. The balance 7% preferred afternoon collection from 2.00 pm to 3.00pm.

Community satisfaction about municipal waste collection system

Satisfaction level No of Units

1 Fully satisfied 18 2 Somewhat satisfied 46 3 Not satisfied 36

Total 100

When considering existing waste collection system, it was revealed that 18% of the respondents were fully satisfied. 46% said they were somewhat satisfied. The balance 36% indicated they were not satisfied with the existing waste collection system.

Community preference of paying monthly service charge

Monthly Payment No of Units

1 Below Rs.30.00 13 2 Rs 30.00 to Rs 50.00 29 3 Above Rs. 50.00 47 4 Not Like to pay 11

Total 100

13% of respondents were willing to pay about Rs: 30.00 per month as the user fee. Another 29% of respondents have indicated they can pay up to Rs: 50.00 per month. The majority of respondents (47%) have emphasized; if the quality service is provided regularly they wish to pay more than Rs:50 . The balance 11% of respondents did not like to pay any service fee.

Current community waste disposal system

Disposal methods No of Units

1 Home composting 11 2 Burn it in the garden 32 3 Give to municipal tractor to

dispose 57 4 Dispose in nearby land /

roadside 0 Total 100

11% of respondents is practicing the home composting as waste disposal method. 32% of them burn it in the garden. The rest of 57% used to give waste to municipal tractor to dispose.

Community satisfaction on current waste disposal system



Total 100

20% of respondents were satisfied of the existing waste disposal methods and 68% of them were somewhat satisfied. Most of them have indicated that their wastes were handed over to the municipal tractor to dispose. But majority of respondent had no idea about the method of disposal after the waste collected by the MC tractors.

Community willingness on source separation

Community Willingness No of Units

1 Yes, I can 96

2 No, I can't 4

Total 100

96% of the respondents like to engage in waste separation. The balance 4% said that it is difficult them to do the waste separation.

Community awareness about organic waste can use in the composting process

Awareness about usefulness No of Units

1 Yes 79

2 No 21

Total 100

Majority of respondents (79%) aware about organic waste can use in process of composting. But they did not have enough knowledge and resources for proper way to do it. Balance 21 % has no exact idea about composting.

Community preference of using collective bio-gas unit with neighbors


1 Yes 27

2 No 73

Total 100

Though most of the respondents have some knowledge on bio gas generation by using organic waste. However the majority of them didn’t like to use bio gas collectively and shared with neighbors. Only 27% of them are willing to use bio gas units collectively.

Community preference in participating community based organization in solid waste management


1 Yes 72

2 No 28

Total 100

The People have the idea that it is important to manage the waste at household level itself. Therefore majority of them (72%) prefer to participate in Community Based Organization activities, if it is organized within or adjacent to their community.

Current priority need of the Community

Facility No of Units

1 Solid waste management 55 2 Drainage 40 3 Sanitation 3 4 Water supply 2

Total 100

When considering most priority need of the households 55% have indicated the solid waste management was the 1st priority service. 40% has stated improvement of drainage system was their 1st priority. 3% and 2% indicated sanitation and water supply being their 1st priority.

Satisfaction, demand and needs of non-domestic units

Preference of waste collection duration- Non domestic units

Waste collection duration No of Units

1 Daily 46 2 Once in two days 3 3 Weekly 1 4 Irregularly 0

Total 50

According to the respondents 92% prefer daily collection of waste. 6% of them prefer waste collection in once in two days. The balance 2% prefer even to have once a week waste collection. Though it is daily collection majority said that it is better to collect waste twice a day.

Preference of waste collection time - Non domestic units

Waste collection time No of Units

1 Morning(8am-11am) 24 2 Noon 0 3 Afternoon (2pm-4pm) 0 4 Evening (4pm-6pm) 26

Total 50

According survey; it was revealed that 48% of the respondents prefer collection of waste in the morning hours 8.00am -11.00 am of the day. The balance 52% preferred evening collection from 2.00 pm to 3.00pm.

Satisfaction about municipal waste collection system- Non domestic units



Total 50

When considering existing waste collection system, it was revealed that 28% of the respondents were fully satisfied. 48% said they were somewhat satisfied. The balance 36% indicated they were not satisfied with the existing waste collection system.

Willingness of paying monthly service charge - Non domestic units

Monthly Payment No of Units

1 Below Rs.200.00 13 2 Rs 200.00 to Rs 500.00 14 3 Rs. 500.00-Rs1000 6 4 Above 1000 2 5 Not Like to pay 6

Total 41 Note: Public/private institutions were not included.

32% of respondents were willing to pay below Rs:200.00 per month as the user fee. Another 34% of respondents have indicated they can pay up to Rs: 500.00 per month. The 14% have emphasized; if the quality service is provided regularly Rs: 500.Another 5% said that they can pay even Rs 1000 for quality service. The balance 15% of respondents did not like to pay any service fee.

Willingness of waste separation- Non-domestic units

Willingness No of Units

1 Yes, I can 18

2 No, I can't 32

Total 50

36% of the respondents like to engage in waste separation. The balance 64% said that it is difficult them to do the waste separation because of limit of time, space and labors.

Marketing Analysis of Compost Rathnapura Municipal Council

Compost Production

Currently, the compost plant of RMC produces compost and sells them to the local market in surrounding areas. It was also obsevered that no of compost producers sell their compost in Rathnapura town. Most popular one is Galaboda compost produce in the district of Rathnapura by a private party. In addition to the above Ruhunupura compost are available in market. Selected farmers under the Programme of “DIVI NAGUMA”( Government’s livelihood improvement programme) with the guidance of Agrarian service centers; some selected farmers are practicing production of compost in their own fields. They normally used live- fence method and compost pits. The Live –fence methods normally used for garden waste in village areas. It is not used for the kitchen waste.

Demand for Compost and Sale of Compost

Name of the Producer Level of presence in market Name of the

fertilizer

Price 1kg (Rs)

High sales period

Sales monthly quantity

Galaboda Compost Significance presence Urea 24 Yala & Maha - Ruhunurata Compost Limited presence MOP 26 Yala & Maha - CIC Compost Limited presence TSP 26 Yala & Maha - RMC product Limited presence Compost 20 Yala & Maha 30-50 bags

Note: Weight of the compost bag is 8kg and price is Rs: 150.00. Monthly quantity of Urea , MOP, TSP is vary according to the salesman's

Yala Season - April to August

Maha Season - October to January

The demand for compost is significant in RMC area. During the two cultivation seasons in the year the demand for compost is increasing. According to the interviews with the fertilizer dealers; the demand for compost was increasing during the last 3 years. It was found that the increasing demand for compost mainly due to the government propaganda for used of compost and promoting organic agriculture in the country. The high cost of chemical fertilizer also contributed farmers to look for alternatives such as the use of compost.

Conclusion Rathnapura Municipal Council

The objectives of the baseline study included the estimation of waste generation and composition of waste, to understand the existing system of waste management. It was also emphasized to assess the community needs and demand, to identify possible options for sustainable waste management including carbon financing opportunities and the production of compost and its marketing. According to the baseline study the waste generation of the RMC was 30.8 tons per day which consisted with 75% of organic waste, 14% of recyclable and 11% disposable waste. It is important to identify the community demands and needs of the residenents for implementing the IRR option in RMC. The baseline study revealed that the residents of RMC area have reasonable knowledge about the appropriate waste management options. They have positive attitudes towards necessity of proper SWM system for the RMC area. With the limited resource capacity and annually increasing expenditures, the RMC is currently handling waste management system in the municipal area which is unable to address the total SWM issues in the city. The RMC does not have proper mechanism to dispose the daily collected waste in the dumping yard of Kanadola. The RMC also is operating a compost yard by using only the organic waste collected from the municipal market/ daily fair in the town. It is about nearly 8% of total waste generated within the RMC is used for above compost activity. Therefore there is a great potential to to start the IRRC approach in RMC area considering the no of positive aspects for initiating such a project.

Rathnapura Municipal Council Municipal Solid Waste Management · 2017. 6. 7. · Content List of...

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