Ratela Asllani, December 2014 1 Cooperation with International Organizations Presented by: Ratela...

Ratela Asllani, December 2014 1

Cooperation with Cooperation with International International OrganizationsOrganizations

Presented by: Ratela Asllani, M.APresented by: Ratela Asllani, M.A PhD CandidatePhD Candidate

2Ratela Asllani, December 2014

ContentsContents

NATO’s Partnership NATO’s Partnership NATO’s Partners NATO’s Partners NATO & International Organizations NATO & International Organizations

Conclusion Conclusion


1. NATO’s Partnership1. NATO’s Partnership NATO’s Strategic Concept identifies “cooperative security” NATO’s Strategic Concept identifies “cooperative security”

as one of NATO’s three essential core tasks. as one of NATO’s three essential core tasks.

NATO works with partners from Central and Eastern NATO works with partners from Central and Eastern Europe, Central Asia, the Caucasus, the Mediterranean rim, Europe, Central Asia, the Caucasus, the Mediterranean rim, the Gulf region and individual countries from across the the Gulf region and individual countries from across the globe.globe.

NATO’s partners also comprise other international NATO’s partners also comprise other international organizations, including the UN and the EU, as well as organizations, including the UN and the EU, as well as other actors such as the International Committee of the Red other actors such as the International Committee of the Red Cross.Cross.

Partners cooperate with NATO in a very broad range of Partners cooperate with NATO in a very broad range of security-related areas and, when taking part in a NATO security-related areas and, when taking part in a NATO cooperation programme, can participate in over 1,000 cooperation programme, can participate in over 1,000 activities offered in the Partnership Cooperation Menu.activities offered in the Partnership Cooperation Menu.

Partners contribute in many ways to shaping discussions Partners contribute in many ways to shaping discussions and debates in the Alliance.and debates in the Alliance.


1. NATO’s Partnership1. NATO’s Partnership A cooperative A cooperative

ApproachApproach A comprehensive A comprehensive

ApproachApproach


1.1 A cooperative Approach 1.1 A cooperative Approach to Security to Security

Partnership, dialogue, consultation & cooperationPartnership, dialogue, consultation & cooperation

Political consultations on security developments, as Political consultations on security developments, as appropriate, including regional issues, in particular with a appropriate, including regional issues, in particular with a view to preventing crises and contributing to their view to preventing crises and contributing to their management;management;

Cooperation in NATO-led operations and missions;Cooperation in NATO-led operations and missions; Interoperability, so that partners can support the Alliance in Interoperability, so that partners can support the Alliance in

achieving its tactical, operational and strategic objectives;achieving its tactical, operational and strategic objectives; Defense reform, capability- and capacity-building, education Defense reform, capability- and capacity-building, education

and training;and training; Counter-terrorism;Counter-terrorism; Counter-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and Counter-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and

their means of delivery;their means of delivery; Emerging security challenges, including those related to Emerging security challenges, including those related to

cyber defense, energy security and maritime security, cyber defense, energy security and maritime security, including counter-piracy;including counter-piracy;

Civil emergency planning.Civil emergency planning.


1.2 A Comprehensive 1.2 A Comprehensive Approach to Crisis Approach to Crisis

Planning and conduct of Planning and conduct of operationsoperations

Lessons learned, training, Lessons learned, training, education and exerciseseducation and exercises

Enhancing cooperation with Enhancing cooperation with external actorsexternal actors

Public messagingPublic messaging


2. NATO’s Partners2. NATO’s Partners Euro-Atlantic Partnership Euro-Atlantic Partnership

Council (EAPC) Council (EAPC) (NATO+ countries)(NATO+ countries)

NATO's Mediterranean Dialogue NATO's Mediterranean Dialogue (NATO + 7 Mediterranean countries)(NATO + 7 Mediterranean countries)

Istanbul Cooperation Initiative Istanbul Cooperation Initiative (ICI) (ICI) (NATO+ 4 Gulf Cooperation Council)(NATO+ 4 Gulf Cooperation Council)

Partners Across the Globe Partners Across the Globe (countries (countries with mutual interests) with mutual interests)

International Organizations International Organizations


3. NATO & International 3. NATO & International Organizations Organizations

United Nations Organizations United Nations Organizations

European Union European Union

Organization for Security and Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe Cooperation in Europe


3.1 NATO & UN 3.1 NATO & UN


3.1 NATO & UN (Legal 3.1 NATO & UN (Legal Aspect)Aspect) The Charter of the United Nations, signed in San The Charter of the United Nations, signed in San

Francisco on 26 June 1945, establishes the overall Francisco on 26 June 1945, establishes the overall responsibility of the UN Security Council for responsibility of the UN Security Council for international peace and security. international peace and security.

NATO’s North Atlantic Treaty signed four years NATO’s North Atlantic Treaty signed four years later, on 4 April 1949, makes clear that the UN later, on 4 April 1949, makes clear that the UN Charter is the framework within which the Alliance Charter is the framework within which the Alliance operates. operates.

In the Treaty, Allies reaffirm their faith in the In the Treaty, Allies reaffirm their faith in the purposes and principles of the Charter and commit purposes and principles of the Charter and commit themselves to the peaceful resolution of conflicts. themselves to the peaceful resolution of conflicts.

Commit themselves to the principle of collective Commit themselves to the principle of collective defense, in line with Article 51 of the UN Charter defense, in line with Article 51 of the UN Charter which establishes the inherent right of individual or which establishes the inherent right of individual or collective defense of all UN member countries. collective defense of all UN member countries.


3.1 NATO & UN3.1 NATO & UN Share a commitment to maintaining international peace Share a commitment to maintaining international peace

and security. Cooperation since the early 1990s. and security. Cooperation since the early 1990s.

NATO’s 2010 Strategic Concept commits the Alliance to NATO’s 2010 Strategic Concept commits the Alliance to prevent crises, manage conflicts and stabilize post-conflict prevent crises, manage conflicts and stabilize post-conflict situations, including by working more closely with NATO’s situations, including by working more closely with NATO’s international partners, most importantly the UN and the international partners, most importantly the UN and the European Union.European Union.

The complexity of today’s security challenges has required The complexity of today’s security challenges has required a broader dialogue between NATO and the UN. In 2010, a broader dialogue between NATO and the UN. In 2010, following the signing of the 2008 UN-NATO declaration on following the signing of the 2008 UN-NATO declaration on cooperation, NATO reinforced its liaison arrangements by cooperation, NATO reinforced its liaison arrangements by establishing the post of NATO Civilian Liaison Officer to establishing the post of NATO Civilian Liaison Officer to the United Nations, in addition to that of a Military Liaison the United Nations, in addition to that of a Military Liaison Officer, established in 1999. This enhanced cooperation is Officer, established in 1999. This enhanced cooperation is an integral part of NATO’s contribution to a an integral part of NATO’s contribution to a Comprehensive Approach to crisis management and Comprehensive Approach to crisis management and operations.operations.


3.1 NATO & UN3.1 NATO & UNFramework for CooperationFramework for Cooperation

In September 2008, established a framework for expanded consultation and In September 2008, established a framework for expanded consultation and cooperation.cooperation.

Cooperation on issues of common interest, including in communication & Cooperation on issues of common interest, including in communication & information-sharing; capacity-building, training & exercises; lessons information-sharing; capacity-building, training & exercises; lessons learned, planning & support for contingencies; & operational coordination & learned, planning & support for contingencies; & operational coordination & support.support.

Cooperation on practical basis, taking into account each organization's Cooperation on practical basis, taking into account each organization's specific mandate, expertise, procedures & capabilities. specific mandate, expertise, procedures & capabilities.

Regular exchanges & dialogue at senior & working levels on political & Regular exchanges & dialogue at senior & working levels on political & operational issues. operational issues.

NATO’s Secretary General reports regularly to the UN Secretary-General on NATO’s Secretary General reports regularly to the UN Secretary-General on progress in UN-mandated NATO-led operations & on other key decisions of progress in UN-mandated NATO-led operations & on other key decisions of the North Atlantic Council in the area of the North Atlantic Council in the area of crisis managementcrisis management & & in the fight in the fight against terrorismagainst terrorism. .

In recent years, staff-level meetings and high-level visits have become more In recent years, staff-level meetings and high-level visits have become more frequent. frequent.

The UN is frequently invited to attend NATO ministerial meetings & The UN is frequently invited to attend NATO ministerial meetings & summits, summits,

The NATO Secretary General participates in the UN General Assembly, The NATO Secretary General participates in the UN General Assembly, Staff level meetings take place on an annual basis between the Secretariats Staff level meetings take place on an annual basis between the Secretariats

of NATO & the UN.of NATO & the UN. NATO contributes to the work of a number of UN committees and bodiesNATO contributes to the work of a number of UN committees and bodies


3.1 NATO & UN3.1 NATO & UNKey areas of cooperation:Key areas of cooperation: Counter-terrorism (UNSCR 1373, 2001)Counter-terrorism (UNSCR 1373, 2001) Non-proliferation (UNSCR 1540, 2004)Non-proliferation (UNSCR 1540, 2004) Women, peace and security (UNSCR 1325, Women, peace and security (UNSCR 1325, in August 2012, the NATO in August 2012, the NATO

Secretary General appointed a NATO Special Representative Secretary General appointed a NATO Special Representative )) Protecting children in armed conflict (UNSCR 1612, Protecting children in armed conflict (UNSCR 1612, appointment of a appointment of a

NATO Focal Point for Children and Armed Conflict NATO Focal Point for Children and Armed Conflict )).. Small arms and light weapons: Small arms and light weapons: NATO also contributes to the UN NATO also contributes to the UN

Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) in All its Aspects, adopted in Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) in All its Aspects, adopted in July 2001 by nearly 150 countries, including all NATO member states. July 2001 by nearly 150 countries, including all NATO member states.

Disaster relief:Disaster relief: Through the Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Through the Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Coordination Centre (EADRCC),Coordination Centre (EADRCC), NATO coordinates consequence-NATO coordinates consequence-management efforts with UN and other bodies and shares information on management efforts with UN and other bodies and shares information on disaster assistance. disaster assistance.


3.1 NATO & UN 3.1 NATO & UN Evaluation of cooperation in field:Evaluation of cooperation in field: Bringing peace to the former Bringing peace to the former

YugoslaviaYugoslavia AfghanistanAfghanistan IraqIraq Supporting African Union Supporting African Union

missionsmissions Deterring piracyDeterring piracy LibyaLibya


3.2 NATO & EU 3.2 NATO & EU


3.2 NATO & EU3.2 NATO & EU

Strategic Partnership:Strategic Partnership: Sharing strategic interests. Sharing strategic interests. Cooperate on issues of common interest.Cooperate on issues of common interest. Working side by side in crisis management, Working side by side in crisis management,

capability development & political capability development & political consultations. consultations.

The EU is a unique & essential partner for The EU is a unique & essential partner for NATO. NATO.

Both share a majority of members (22), who Both share a majority of members (22), who share common values. share common values.


NATO & EUNATO & EU

Framework for Cooperation: Framework for Cooperation:

NATO-EU Declaration on ESDPNATO-EU Declaration on ESDP

The “Berlin Plus” arrangementsThe “Berlin Plus” arrangements


NATO & EUNATO & EU

Cooperation in Field :Cooperation in Field :

The Western Balkans The Western Balkans FYROM FYROM Bosnia-Herzegovina Bosnia-Herzegovina KosovoKosovo

Cooperation in other regionsCooperation in other regions Afghanistan Afghanistan Darfur, Sudan Darfur, Sudan Piracy (EUNAVFOR Atalanta)Piracy (EUNAVFOR Atalanta)


NATO & EUNATO & EU

Areas of Cooperation:Areas of Cooperation:

Political consultationPolitical consultation CapabilitiesCapabilities Terrorism and WMD Terrorism and WMD

proliferationproliferation New areas of cooperationNew areas of cooperation


3.2 NATO & EU3.2 NATO & EU

Participation: Participation: The organizations have 22 member countries in common. The organizations have 22 member countries in common. Albania, Canada, Iceland, Norway, Turkey, and the United Albania, Canada, Iceland, Norway, Turkey, and the United

States, which are members of NATO but not of the EU, States, which are members of NATO but not of the EU, participate in all NATO-EU meetings. participate in all NATO-EU meetings.

Austria, Finland, Ireland, Sweden, and since 2008, Malta, Austria, Finland, Ireland, Sweden, and since 2008, Malta, which are members of the EU and of NATO’s Partnership which are members of the EU and of NATO’s Partnership for Peace (PfP) programme, participate in all NATO-EU for Peace (PfP) programme, participate in all NATO-EU meetings. meetings.

However, Cyprus which is not a PfP member & does not However, Cyprus which is not a PfP member & does not have a security agreement with NATO on the exchange of have a security agreement with NATO on the exchange of classified documents, cannot participate in official NATO-classified documents, cannot participate in official NATO-EU meetings. This is a consequence of decisions taken by EU meetings. This is a consequence of decisions taken by NATO in December 2002. Informal meetings including NATO in December 2002. Informal meetings including Cyprus take place occasionally at different levels.Cyprus take place occasionally at different levels.


3.3 NATO & OSCE3.3 NATO & OSCE


3.3 NATO & OSCE3.3 NATO & OSCE Work together to build security & promote stability Work together to build security & promote stability

in the Euro-Atlantic area in the Euro-Atlantic area Cooperate at both the political & the operational Cooperate at both the political & the operational

level in areas such as conflict prevention and level in areas such as conflict prevention and resolution, post-conflict rehabilitation, crisis resolution, post-conflict rehabilitation, crisis management, as well as in addressing new security management, as well as in addressing new security challenges challenges

At the political level, consult each other on At the political level, consult each other on thematic and regional security issues of common thematic and regional security issues of common interest such as border security & disarmament. interest such as border security & disarmament.

At the operational level, cooperation in conflict At the operational level, cooperation in conflict prevention, crisis management & post-conflict prevention, crisis management & post-conflict rehabilitation has been particularly active in the rehabilitation has been particularly active in the Western Balkans. Western Balkans.


NATO & OSCENATO & OSCE Complement each other’s efforts on the ground. Complement each other’s efforts on the ground.

NATO initiatives to support defense reform, including arms NATO initiatives to support defense reform, including arms control, mine clearance & the destruction of stockpiles of control, mine clearance & the destruction of stockpiles of arms & munitions, dovetail with OSCE efforts aimed at arms & munitions, dovetail with OSCE efforts aimed at preventing conflict and restoring stability after conflict. preventing conflict and restoring stability after conflict.

Close cooperation in the development of an international Close cooperation in the development of an international “Comprehensive Approach” to crisis management, which “Comprehensive Approach” to crisis management, which requires the effective application of both military and requires the effective application of both military and civilian means. At the Lisbon Summit in 2010, the Allies civilian means. At the Lisbon Summit in 2010, the Allies decided to enhance NATO’s contribution to a decided to enhance NATO’s contribution to a comprehensive approach to crisis management as part of comprehensive approach to crisis management as part of the international community’s effort and to improve the international community’s effort and to improve NATO’s ability to deliver stabilization & reconstruction NATO’s ability to deliver stabilization & reconstruction effects. effects.


NATO & OSCENATO & OSCE At recent summits, the Allies have At recent summits, the Allies have

reiterated the importance of the OSCE’s reiterated the importance of the OSCE’s role in regional security & as a forum for role in regional security & as a forum for dialogue on issues relevant to Euro-Atlantic dialogue on issues relevant to Euro-Atlantic security. security.

Encompassing the political/ military, Encompassing the political/ military, economic/ environmental & human economic/ environmental & human dimensions, the OSCE plays an important dimensions, the OSCE plays an important role in promoting security and cooperation. role in promoting security and cooperation.

The Allies aim to further enhance NATO’s The Allies aim to further enhance NATO’s cooperation with the OSCE. cooperation with the OSCE.


NATO & OSCENATO & OSCEPolitical Dialogue Political Dialogue

Regularly exchange views & information on key security-related issues such as Regularly exchange views & information on key security-related issues such as border security, disarmament, arms control (in particular, controlling the spread of border security, disarmament, arms control (in particular, controlling the spread of small arms and light weapons), energy security & terrorism, environmental issues small arms and light weapons), energy security & terrorism, environmental issues (Environment and Security Initiative (ENVSEC)¹ ), (Environment and Security Initiative (ENVSEC)¹ ),

Political relations governed today by the "Platform for Co-operative Security", which Political relations governed today by the "Platform for Co-operative Security", which was launched by the OSCE in 1999 at the NATO Istanbul Summit. Via the Platform, was launched by the OSCE in 1999 at the NATO Istanbul Summit. Via the Platform, OSCE in order to restore democracy, prosperity and stability in Europe and beyond.OSCE in order to restore democracy, prosperity and stability in Europe and beyond.

Since the Platform was adopted, experts from both NATO and the OSCE have met Since the Platform was adopted, experts from both NATO and the OSCE have met regularly to discuss operational and political issues of common interest in the areas regularly to discuss operational and political issues of common interest in the areas of conflict prevention, crisis management and post-conflict reconstruction of conflict prevention, crisis management and post-conflict reconstruction operations. operations.

December 2003, the OSCE’s "Strategy to Address Threats to Security and Stability December 2003, the OSCE’s "Strategy to Address Threats to Security and Stability in the 21st Century" in the 21st Century"

Dialogue also takes place at a higher political level. The NATO Secretary General is Dialogue also takes place at a higher political level. The NATO Secretary General is occasionally invited to speak at the OSCE Annual Security Review Conference. The occasionally invited to speak at the OSCE Annual Security Review Conference. The OSCE Secretary General addressed the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) OSCE Secretary General addressed the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) Ambassadors meeting (2007 & 2008). NATO regularly participates in the annual Ambassadors meeting (2007 & 2008). NATO regularly participates in the annual meetings of the OSCE Ministerial Council, as an observer. The OSCE Chairperson-meetings of the OSCE Ministerial Council, as an observer. The OSCE Chairperson-in-Office is also invited to some of the meetings held at NATO Headquarters in in-Office is also invited to some of the meetings held at NATO Headquarters in Brussels.Brussels.

The NATO Science for Peace and Security Programme is associated with the The NATO Science for Peace and Security Programme is associated with the ENVSEC, which brings together NATO, the OSCE, the Regional Environmental ENVSEC, which brings together NATO, the OSCE, the Regional Environmental Center, the United Nations (UN) Development Programme, the UN Economic Center, the United Nations (UN) Development Programme, the UN Economic Commission for Europe and the UN Environment Programme. Commission for Europe and the UN Environment Programme.


NATO & OSCENATO & OSCECooperation in Western BalkanCooperation in Western Balkan Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina NATO and the OSCE developed a joint action programme NATO and the OSCE developed a joint action programme NATO assisted the OSCE in its work in the area of arms control & NATO assisted the OSCE in its work in the area of arms control &

confidence & security-building measures in the country. confidence & security-building measures in the country. NATO has, NATO has, inter aliainter alia, contributed to the proper conduct of elections under , contributed to the proper conduct of elections under

OSCE auspices.OSCE auspices.KosovoKosovo (1998-1999), the OSCE mounted a Kosovo Verification Mission to monitor (1998-1999), the OSCE mounted a Kosovo Verification Mission to monitor

compliance on the ground with the Holbrooke-Milosevic cease-fire compliance on the ground with the Holbrooke-Milosevic cease-fire agreement. NATO conducted a parallel aerial surveillance mission. agreement. NATO conducted a parallel aerial surveillance mission.

UNSCR 1244 in June 1999, a new OSCE Mission in Kosovo was UNSCR 1244 in June 1999, a new OSCE Mission in Kosovo was established as part of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission established as part of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK). in Kosovo (UNMIK).

The former Yugoslav Republic of MacedoniaThe former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia A NATO Task Force provided additional security for international A NATO Task Force provided additional security for international

monitors in early 2000. Today, the NATO Liaison Office in Skopje monitors in early 2000. Today, the NATO Liaison Office in Skopje continues to exchange information with the OSCE Mission to Skopje.continues to exchange information with the OSCE Mission to Skopje.

Border securityBorder security in May 2003, five Western Balkans countries endorsed a Common in May 2003, five Western Balkans countries endorsed a Common

Platform developed by the European Union, NATO, the OSCE and the Platform developed by the European Union, NATO, the OSCE and the then Stability Pact for South-East Europe aimed at enhancing border then Stability Pact for South-East Europe aimed at enhancing border security in the region.security in the region.


ConclusionConclusion New threats led to cooperation with New threats led to cooperation with

International Organizations International Organizations Common values & interests led to Common values & interests led to

consultation & cooperation consultation & cooperation Organizations tried to minimize their Organizations tried to minimize their

overlapping issues & complement overlapping issues & complement each other each other

Building peace & security to the Building peace & security to the worldworld

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