RASPBERRY PI FOR BEGINNERS - Tentacle.Netprophet/raspberrypi/Raspberry Pi User Guide... ·...
Transcript of RASPBERRY PI FOR BEGINNERS - Tentacle.Netprophet/raspberrypi/Raspberry Pi User Guide... ·...
RASPBERRYPIFORBEGINNERS
©2013,DogwoodApps
RaspberryPi®istheregisteredtrademarkofRaspberryPiFoundation,UnitedKingdom.
Importantnote:AuthorhasnoaffiliationwithRaspberryPiFoundation,UnitedKingdom.
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ContentsChapter1
WhatisRaspberryPi?
Chapter2
ModelsofRaspberryPi
Chapter3
WhatDoYouNeedtoGetRaspberryPiUpandRunning?
Chapter4
InstallingtheOSonRaspberryPi
Chapter5
OtherOSesforPi
Chapter6
ProgrammingYourPiUsingScratch
Chapter7
ArduinoandRaspberryPi
Chapter8
AwesomePiUses
Chapter9
RaspberryPiasStandardProductivityComputer
Chapter10
UsingRaspberryPitoDriveaMultimediaCenter
Chapter11
UsingRaspberryPiforTime-LapsePhotography
Chapter12
UsingRaspberryPiasFMTransmitter
Chapter1
WhatisRaspberryPi?
RaspberryPiisanaffordable,creditcard–sized,single-boardcomputer.RaspberryPiwasdevelopedforcomputerscienceeducation.
This flagship product has been developed by Raspberry Pi Foundation, a charitableorganizationbasedinUnitedKingdom.
FeaturesRaspberryPiisasingle-boardcomputerthatisaboutthesizeofacreditcard.Itusesa32-bitcapableARMprocessorandFedorafromLinuxasitsdefaultoperatingsystem(OS).
Itcanbeprogrammedwithlanguages,suchasPython,thatwillcompilewithARM.
RaspberryPiisasystemonachip(SoC).Ithasconnectionports.
YoucanuseaRaspberryPi forbasic functions likewatchingHDvideos,workingwithspreadsheets,andeditingdocuments.Inotherwords,youcandoeverythingthatanormaldesktopcomputeriscapableofdoing.
InChapter2,wewilllearnaboutthedifferentversionscurrentlyofferedoftheRaspberryPi.
Chapter2
ModelsofRaspberryPi
RaspberryPihastwomodels.Surprisingly,bothmodelsareavailableatapocket-friendlyprice.
Model-A costs $25 and Model-B costs $35, excluding local taxes and shipping andhandlingcharges.Also,thisdoesnotincludechargesofpowersupplyandSDcard;youhavetobuythemseparately.
DifferencebetweenModel-AandModel-B
Model-A Model-B
Price $25 $35
SoC BroadcomBCM2835
CPU 700MHzARM1176JF-SCore
GPU VideoCoreIV,OpenGLES2,0,1080p30FullHDHPH.264
Memory 256MB 512MB
USB2.0ports 1 2(integrated)
Videooutputs CompositeRCA,HDMI
Audiooutputs 3.5mmjack,HDMI
Onboardstorage SD/MMC/SDIOcardslot
Low-levelperipherals GPIOpins,SPI,I2C,UART
Onboardnetwork None 10/100wiredEthernet
Real-timeclock Noclockorbattery
Powerratings 500mA(2.5W) 700mA(3.5W)
Powersource 5VviamicroUSBorGPIOheader
Size 85.60mm � 53.98mm
SupportedOSes DebianGNU/Linux,Fedora,ArchLinux
WheretoBuy?
Raspberry Pi Foundation hasmade exclusive distribution arrangementwith Farnell andRS;onecanbuyanymodelofRaspberryPifromthesedistributors.ResellersdosellonAmazonandeBay.
ResellerssellRaspberryPiwithdifferentoffers,sopricesmayvary.
RaspberryPiModel-A
RaspberryPiModel-B
Chapter3
WhatDoYouNeedtoGetRaspberryPiUpandRunning?
Raspberry Pi is not preloaded evenwith important peripherals like SD card and powersupply cable unless you purchase Pi from a reseller and pay extra for these essentialperipherals.
In this chapter, you will learn about the essential peripherals that are required to getRaspberryPiupandrunning.
First, select a model of Raspberry Pi that meets your needs, because each model ofRaspberry Pi is designed to perform different functions. Now let’s take a look at theperipheralsrequiredtostartusingyourRaspberryPi.
SDcard
RaspberryPiOSisstoredonaSDcard.IfyouhavepurchasedfromRS,youwillgetaSDcard.Incaseifyouhavepurchaseditfromelsewhere,youcanpurchasetheSDcardfromAmazonorfromanyothernearestelectronicgadgetsoutlet.
Requirements:SDHCmemorycard(4GBormore)
SDHCcard
Powersupply
YouwillneedapowersupplyforyourRaspberryPi.YoucanpurchaseitfromAmazonorfromanyothernearestelectronicgadgetsoutlet.
Requirements:MicroUSBpowersupply(5V,1.2mA[ideal],butneedstobe700mA)
ChargerforPi
HDMIcable
RaspberryPihasoneHDMIportfordigitalvideoandaudioconnection.YouwillneedtopurchaseaseparateHDMIcapabletoviewthePionanHDMImonitorortelevision.
HDMIcable
Important note: Raspberry Pi does not support VGA analog output. You can use aconverterbutwedon’trecommendusingonebecauseitmaycauseyouissueslater.UsingastraightHDMItoHDMIconnectionisbesttoavoidcompatibilityproblems.
HDMItoVGAconverter
USBkeyboardandmouse
YouneedaUSBkeyboardandamousetoestablishuserinterfaceforyourRaspberryPi.SinceRaspberryPicomeswithlimitedports,youcanpurchaseaUSBextensionincaseyouneedmorethanoneUSBports.
SinceyourPisupportsBluetooth-enabledwirelesskeyboardandmouse,youcanpurchasethemaswell.
Wirelesskeyboard
Internetconnection
UsingyourPi,youcanconnecttoInternetinmanyways.YoucanenjoywirelessInternetvia a USB–Wi-Fi dongle, and if you would like to connect with high-speed wiredconnection,thenyoucanuseEthernetcable.
USBmodem
Remember,EthernetportisonlyavailableinModel-B.
Ethernetcable
BeforeyouinstallanOS,makesureyouhaveassemblednecessaryperipheralswithyourPi.
Operatingsystem(OS)
OSisthesoulofyourRaspberryPi.SotogetyourRaspberryPiupandrunning,youneedtoinstallFedorawhichisthestandarddefaultLinuxdistributionusedastheOSforPi.
MostofthedistributorssellPiwithpreinstalledOS.But,ifincaseyouwanttoinstalltheOSyourself,thenreadChapter4.
Chapter4
InstallingtheOSonRaspberryPi
InstallingtheOSonthePicanbechallenging,somostpeopleandnewbiespreferbuyingapreprogrammedRaspberryPiasamucheasiersolution.
Installing OS on Raspberry Pi is not extremely difficult, but it does take some basiccomputerknowledgetoaccomplishonthefirstattempt.IfyouhaveworkedonWindowsoranyotherOSplatform inyourPC,youcando it yourself easily andcan savea fewbucks.Sointhischapter,youwilllearnaboutinstallingtheOSonRaspberryPi.
WeareinstallingFedoraRemixdistributionfromLinux,butbeforeweinstallFedora,weneedtodownloaditfromtheWeb.
SelectalatestcopyofFedoraRemix(FedoraRemix17or18);youcandownloaditfromhttp://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Fedora_ARM_Installer
Direct download: http://fossjon.fedorapeople.org/packages/fedora-arm-installer/fedora-arm-installer-1.0.3-7.x32.zip
PreparingtheSDcardforuse
RaspberryPineeds a storageand installationmedia toboot;weneeda singleSDcard.Youneedtouseatleasta4GBSDcard.Theimageofthefiledownloadedinthepreviousstepwillbestoredonthiscard.
Note:Beforewebegin,makesurethatnoimportantfileisinyouSDcard,becauseitwillbeformattedatalaterstage.
IfyouareusingWindowsasyourhostOS,thendownloadWin32DiskImagerutilityfromhttp://www.softpedia.com/get/CD-DVD-Tools/Data-CD-DVD-Burning/Win32-Disk-Imager.shtml
NowlaunchtheDiskImagerandextracttheimageyouhavedownloadedfromtheWeb.Youwillgetan.imgfile.MakesureyouformatSDcardusingFAT32filesystem.NowrunWin32DiskImagerwithadministratorprivilegesandselect theextractedimageandthedriveletteroftheSDcard.Alwayschoosethecorrectdriveorelsedataonthedrivewill be destroyed. Click on the ‘Write’ button and wait till it finishes extracting data.Dependingonyourhostmachinespeed,yourwriting timewillvary,butwillnot takealongtime.
Aftercompletion,exitthemanagerandejecttheSDcard,whichisnowreadyforuse.
YoucanalsousePowerISO,Flashnul,orothersimilarutilitiesaswell.
BootingupthePi
TransferofimagefiletotheSDcardisnowsuccessful.WecannowsetupthePi.Insertyour SD card containing Fedora into the slot and connect the power supply and yourmonitor.NowmakeanInternetconnectionusingEthernetcableconnectedwithInternet
gatewayandwaitwhileyourPibootsup.
SettingupthePi
FedorawillresizeyourSDcardautomatically;hence,youdonotneedtomakepartitionsmanually. Connect your keyboard andmouse.Once your Pi boots up and black screendisappears,start thefinalsystemconfiguration:setpasswords;createuseraccounts;andselectyourtimezone,graphicaluserinterface(GUI),andfonts.
FedoraRemixbootinguponthePi
YouarereadytoworkonyourPinow.InChapter5,wewilllearnabouttheotherOSesthatcanbeinstalledonPi(insimilarway)andtheiroverview.
Chapter5
OtherOSesforPi
TherearemanyOSesthatcanbeinstalledwithPi;wearecoveringafewoftheimportantones.
Raspbian‘wheezy’
Raspbian ‘wheezy’ is recommended for beginners. It’s a reference root file systemdevelopedbyAlexandDom.ItisanoptimizedversionofDebian,anditcontainsLXDE,Midori,developmenttools,andexamplesourcecodeformultimediafunctions.
RaspbianisreferredtoasgraphicalfaceoftheRaspberryPi.GUIisawesome.
PlayingagameonRaspbian
ArchLinuxARM
ArchLinuxARMisadistribution fromArchLinux,whichaims for simplicityand fullcontroltotheenduser.Itisnotrecommendedforbeginners.Latestversionofthisimagebootsupinjusttenseconds(commandprompt).
Android
Though Raspberry Pi was not designed for Android devices, but in recent years,developershavedevelopedways touseAndroidonRaspberryPi.Atpresent,notmuchhas been done toward implementing Android on Raspberry Pi, but it is possible thatAndroidwouldbecomethemostsuccessfulOSonPiinthenearfuture.
Chapter6
ProgrammingYourPiUsingScratch
Inthischapter,wewilllearnaboutprogrammingthePiwithScratch.
First, boot up your Raspberry Pi. You will find that Scratch is preinstalled in Fedora.LocateaniconoftheScratchinthedesktopmenu.
Scratchicon
YoucandownloadScratchfromhttp://scratch.mit.edu/
Gettingstarted
To get familiar with Scratch, it’s best to begin with easy preinstalled projects andresources that are part of themain application. In this chapter,we are going to discuss‘Aquarium’,whichasit’snamedisactuallyacoolanimatedaquariumwithfishandotherwaterdwellingcreatures.
So,herewego.BeginbyclickingontheScratchicononyourdesktoporyoucanusethestandard LXDE menu option to launch the Scratch Studio on your Pi. To load theAquariumproject,proceedwiththefollowing:
1.Selectthe‘File’>‘Open…’menu.
2.Click‘Examples’ontheleft.
3.Select‘Animation’atthetop.
4.Select‘Aquarium’fromthelist.
5.Clickthe‘OK’button.
TheAquariumprojectisnowloadedandwearereadyforsomefun.Beforewegetstartedthough,youneedtoknowafewthingsabouttheScratchStudio.
TheScratchStudio
TheScratchStudiocandesignmanyfunthingslikeanimationsandgames.Nowthatyouhave loaded the Aquarium Project, the Scratch Studio should appear similar to thisscreenshotbelow:
TherearethreedifferentblocksorpanelsintheScratchStudio.Ontheleftside,thereisa‘Blocks Panel’. The Blocks Panel contains the blocks used to program and buildprograms.Thevariousblocksaregroupedintoseveralcategories,suchassensing,control,motion,sound,etc.
Notethatthereisa‘BuilderPanel’inthecenter.Thisisthepanelwherewearegoingtodraganddropourblocks.TheBuilderPanelcanbeusedtorecordandimportsoundsinadditiontocreatingandeditingimages.
Ontheright,thereisthe‘StagingArea’.Onthetop,youcanseeavisualrepresentationof
your program. You will see a complete aquarium here. Underneath is a collection of‘sprites’.
Runningtheprogram
Above the ‘StagingArea’,note there isagreen flaganda redcircle.ThesebuttonsareusedtostartandstopthecreatedprogramandinourcaseAquarium.Pressthegreenflagtowatchyouranimation.
Enjoyyoursampleanimationcomingtolife.
Thestageanimation
So,howisstageanimationdoneinScratch?
StageanimationisdoneinScratchusingbackgrounds,setofblocks,andsprites.
Addingsound
Adding sound to animation enhances its quality and grabs attention from its viewer aswell.Youcanaddsound toyouranimationsusing ‘Sounds’ tab in ‘BuilderPanel’.Youcanimportsoundorusepreinstalledeffects.
Onceyouaddsoundeffects,youcanlistentothesoundbyclickingthe‘Play’button.Addanewblocksettoplaythechosensoundoveranimation;thiswillgetactivatedwhenthegreenflagisclicked.
Programming with Scratch is really easy, and you can similarly program your PiwithalanguagecalledPythonaswell.
InChapter7,wewilllearnaboutArduino,arivaltoRaspberryPi;whencombinedwithPi,highperformanceisdelivered.
Chapter7ArduinoandRaspberryPi
MakersofAdruinodefineitas:
Arduinoisanopen-sourceelectronicsprototypingplatformbasedonflexible,easy-to-usehardwareandsoftware.It’sintendedforartists,designers,hobbyists,andanyoneinterestedincreatinginteractiveobjectsorenvironments.
TheArduino board itself is an open-source circuit board (open source means you candesign it yourself using individual components available in market). It contains amicroprocessor and of course input/output pins for communication and controlling ofphysicalobjectslikeLED,servos,buttons,lights,thermosensors,photoreceptors,etc.ItispoweredviaaUSBconnection.
Arduino
Arduino using a similar programming language to C++ known as Arduino integrateddevelopmentenvironment(IDE).TheIDEallowsyoutowrite,compile,andthenuploadyourcompletedcodetotheArduinodevice.Thiscanbeusedforprototypingaparticularproductorproject.
Manydesigners,artists,developers,andcomputergeekshaveusedArduinototurntheirideasintoreality.
ArduinoisjustanalternativetoRaspberryPi.
YoucancombineArduinowithRaspberryPiincaseyouwouldliketousesensorswithyourRaspberryPi.
Chapter8AwesomePiUses
TillnowwewereonlydealingwiththeoreticalaspectsofourPi.Afterreadingourearlierchapters,youmaybethinking,Okay,IhaveunderstoodwhatPiis,buthowcanIuseit?Whatareitsuses?
You can design and develop numerous projectswith Pi. For starters,we are explainingsomeinterestingusesofRaspberryPi.
Chapter9RaspberryPiasStandardProductivityComputer
Didyouknowthata$35RaspberryPicanbeusedasastandardproductivitycomputer?UsingaRaspberryPi,youcansetupabasicofficecomputerforverylittlemoney.
So,whatyoudowithyourstandardcomputerthatyouhaveathome?
ProcessingWorddocuments,spreadsheets,PowerPoint,etc.
BrowsingInternet,socialnetworkingsites,andcheckinge-mails.
Programmingandcodinginvariouslanguages.
PlayingHDgames.
Watchingvideosandhearingsongs.
YoucanalsodothesethingswithRaspberryPi!NextwewillconvertourPitoastandardproductivitycomputer.
Whatdoyouneed?
Hardware
RaspberryPiModel-B
MiniUSBpower700mA,5V
32GBSDHCcard(minimum4GB)
EthernetorUSBmodem(optional)
Keyboardandmouse(wiredorwireless)
HDMIcable
MonitorwithHDMIinputsupport(incaseofVGA,purchaseHDMItoVGAconverter)
USBextension(optional)
Onceyouarereadywiththeseparts,hookupyourPiasinstructedinChapter3.BootupyourPiasinstructedusingtheOSofyourchoiceandconfigureyourPiaccordingly.
YourPicannowdoeverythingthatastandardcomputercando.Youcanuseitformanypurposes.Let’sseewhatarethesoftwareproductsrequiredtoconvertyourPiintoaPC.Incaseitispreinstalledwiththesesoftwareproducts,youneednotdownloadthem.
Software Features
LibreOffice4.0(free)
Download link:http://www.libreoffice.org/download/
LibreOffice is a comprehensive,professional-quality productivity suite(like Microsoft Office) from theDocument Foundation available forfree download. It supports 30languages and OS, includingMicrosoftWindows,MacOSX, andGNU/Linux(Debian,Ubuntu,Fedora,Mandriva,Suse,etc.)
RIPChromium(free) ThisisabrowserforyourPi.YoucanbrowseInternet,streamvideos,accesse-mail,andenjoysocialnetworks.
Scratch(visualanimationsoftware)
Downloadlink:http://scratch.mit.edu/
To create awesome animation andgamesusingScratch,allyouneedisalatestcopyofScratch.
VLCMediaPlayer
Download link:http://www.videolan.org/vlc/download-fedora.html
To playmost of the audio and videoformats.
ThesearesomeofthemostimportantandcommontasksthatastandardPCcanhandle.Incase you needmore tasks fromyourPi, you can get additional software products fromInternetforuseonyourRaspberryPi.
YoucanaddCDorDVDorBlu-raydrivestoRaspberryPiusingUSBslotsincaseyouwanttowatchamovieorplayHDgames.
Besides,RaspberryPiisreallyabetteroptionthannormalcomputersbecauseitiseasytohandle,affordable,andgreatforlearningprogramming.InChapter10,wewilllearnabouttheotherusesofRaspberryPi.
Chapter10
UsingRaspberryPitoDriveaMultimediaCenter
TheRaspberryPiisagreatlowcostsolutiontobuildingyourownminimediacenter.Inthischapter,youwilllearnaboutsettingupXboxMediaCenter(XBMC)onyourPiwithauniversal remotecontrolusingFLIRCwhich isnothingmore thanaUSBdongle thatcanbepluggedintothePi.
Whatyou’llneed?
ARaspberryPi(Model-B)
RaspberryPipowercharger
Mouseandkeyboard(wirelessorwired)
EthernetcableandworkingInternetconnection
FLIRC
Universalremote(orspareone)
APCorlaptop(onlyfortheinitialsetup)
SettingupXBMCInstallerontheSDcardforPi
First you need to load the XBMC (RaspBMC)media OS on the Raspberry Pi. In thissection,wearegoingtouseaWindowsPC;stepsarealmostsameforLinuxandMacPC.
Download the SD card image file from the following link:http://download.raspbmc.com/downloads/bin/installers/raspbmc-win32.zip
NowextracttheZipfile‘raspbmc-win32’usingWinRARorWinZiptool.
Runthefilesetup.exefile.ThiswillinstalltheSDcardinstalleronyourcomputer.
Nowrun the filenamed‘installer’ (locatedon the topof thescreenshot).Thiswill thenopentheSDcardwriter.
RaspbmcInstaller
InsertyourSDcardinyourSDHCslot;makesureitdoesnotcontainanyimportantdata.Selectitasyourwritablemedia(choosethecorrectpathorelseyouwillloseyourdata).Nowtickthe‘Iacceptthelicenseagreement’checkboxandhit the‘Install’button.Waitwhile it is installedonyourcomputer.Thiswill initiatesetupofyourSDcardwiththeRaspBMCinstaller.Nowwaittillitfinishesinstalling;speedwillvarydependingonyourhostPCconfiguration.Oncecompleted,followingwindowwillappear.
Remove theSDcard fromyourSDHCport,andwecannowuse theRaspBMConourRaspberryPi.
SettingupRaspBMContheRaspberryPi
Beforeyoubegin,ensurethatyourRaspberryPiisconnectedviaEthernettotheInternetorelseitwillnotwork.
Addamouse,keyboard,andmonitor;plugSDcardintheSDHCportofyourRaspberryPi;andconnectapowersupplytoyourRaspberryPi.
Therewillbeasplashscreenthatwillappearforafewsecondsonyourmonitor,andthentherestofthesetupwillstartautomatically.Theentireprocessshouldnottakemorethan15minutes todownloadand install (speeddependsuponyourLANconnection). ItwillrestartanumberoftimesbeforeXMBCGUIisinstalled,sowaitpatiently.
SpendsometimeinfamiliarizingyourselfwithXBMC.
Let’snowsetupFLIRC.
SettinguptheFLIRCsoftware
NowgetbacktoyourPC(laptopordesktop);donotunplugyourPi.
DownloadthelatestFLIRCversionforyourOSfromhttp://flirc.tv/downloads/
WeshallbeusingWindowstocompletethissetup;ifyouareusingLinuxorMacOS,theprocessisquitesimilar.
Afterthesoftwareisdownloaded,runthesetupandinstalltheFLIRCsetupsoftwarethe
samewayyoudowithanyotherWindowsprograms.
Oncecompleted,runtheFLIRCsoftwareandyoushouldseethefollowinginputscreen:
Thisiscurrentlydisconnected
PlugyourFLIRCmodule(RaspberryPi) intothePCusingtheUSBconnector.Waitforsometime;itwill installautomaticallyonyourcomputer.Nowstatuswillbeupdatedto‘connected’.
Thisiscurrentlydisconnected
XBMChasmany commands, but in this section,wewill startwith someof thebasics.Thiswillincludecommandslike‘Navigation’,‘Enter’,and‘Back’.
Nextstepistosetuptheremotecontrol.Getaremotecontrol;thiscanbeanyIRremote—beitTV,CD,DVD,satellite,oruniversalremote,oranything.Onceyouarereadywithyourremotecontrol,hitthe‘go!’button.
It’stimetosyncyourremotecontrolwithournewlyinstalledFLIRCsoftware.
Thevirtualbuttonswillthenflashindividually.Hitthebuttonontheremotetoassociateakeyboardstrokewithcorrespondingkeyontheremote.
Asanexample,whenthe‘down’navigationontheFLIRCsoftwareflashesonyourscreenandyouhitthe‘down’buttonontheremote,itwillgetassociatedwithFLIRC.
Aftersettingupallofthekeys,yourbasicXBMCwillbereadyforuse.
Onceyouhavecompletedthesetup,quittheprogramonyourPCandremovetheFLIRCmodule(RaspberryPi)fromyourPC.
PuttingEverythingtogether
GetbackontotheRaspberryPi.
StartbyremovingthemouseandkeyboardandreplacingitwiththeFLIRCUSBmodule.
Next,switchtheFLIRCUSBmoduleon.Aftergivingitafewmomentstobootup,youcancontrolyourRaspberryPimediacenterusingyourremotecontrol!
Ifyouneedmoreinformation,youcanbrowse http://forums.flirc.tv/
MorecomplexkeyboardtoremoteSetups
LearnaboutmoreoftheXBMCbuiltincommands.StandardXBMCkeyboardnavigationcontrolscanbefoundbelow:
http://wiki.xbmc.org/index.php?title=Keyboard
Keymappingyourentirekeyboardtoyourremotecontrolispossible.Inthenextsection,pleasetakealookatsomeofthevariouscommands.
Key Global Videoplayback Musicvisualization
A Audiodelay
BLiveTV:Schedulerecordingtimers LiveTV:Schedulerecordingtimers
C Contextualmenu Playlist
D
E LiveTVEPG/TVguide LiveTVEPG/TVguide
F Fast-forward Fast-forward Fast-forward
H LiveTVchannelswindow LiveTVchannelswindow
I Info Info Info
JLiveTV:Radiochannelswindow LiveTV:Radiochannelswindow
K LiveTVrecordingswindow LiveTVrecordingswindow
L Nextsubtitle Lockpreset
M Playercontrols(OSD) Playercontrols(OSD) Playercontrols(OSD)
N ‘Nowplaying’playlist
ODisplaysCPUusageandvideodiagnosticinfo Codec/visualizationinfo
P Play Play Visualizationpresetlist
Q Queue
R Rewind Rewind Rewind
S Shutdownmenu Showpreset
T Togglesubtitlesonandoff
U Moveup
V Teletext Visualizationsettings
W Markedaswatched/unwatched
X Stop Stop Stop
Z Zoom/aspectratio
Space Pause/play Pause/play Pause/play
← LeftStepback30s(videos)
Previouschannelgroup(liveTV)
Previous
→ RightStepforward30s(videos)
Nextchannelgroup(liveTV)
Next
↑ UpStepforward10minornextchapter(videos)
Channelup(liveTV)Increaserating
↓ DownStepback10minorpreviouschapter(videos) Decreaserating
Channeldown(liveTV)
PageUp Pageup
PageDown Pagedown
↵ Ente r return Select Playercontrols(OSD) Playercontrols(OSD)
←Backspace Back
Esc Previousmenuorhomescreen Exitfullscreen
. period Skipforward Stepforward30s Skipforward
, comma Skipbackward Stepbackward30s Skipbackward
‘ quote Smallstepbackwards7s
Tab ⇆ Full-screenmode Full-screenmode Full-screenmode
PrintSrc Screenshot Screenshot Screenshot
- minus Volumedown Volumedown Volumedown
+ plus Volumeup Volumeup Volumeup
= equals Volumeup Volumeup Volumeup
\ backslash Toggleapplicationwindowedmode Toggleapplicationwindowedmode Toggleapplication
windowedmode
[ leftbracket Stepforward10minornextchapter
] rightbracket Stepbackward10minorpreviouschapter
ENDExitXBMC(onlyonhomescreen)v.11Eden
CTRL + ENDExitXBMC(onlyonhomescreen)v.12Frodo
DEL Deletefile Removefromplaylist Removefromplaylist
[numbers]then Return
Jumptothattimeinplayback.E.g.,1234+returnwilljumpto12minand34s.
⇧ Shif t + LETTER Jumptothatletterinalist
Nowonce you have synced your remote control, you can use it to operate yourmediacenter.ConnectyourUSBmodulewithmonitorandspeakersusingHDMIandaddsongstoyourXBMC;useyourremotecontrolandFLIRCtocontrolhowaudioandvideoswillplay.
Yourmediacenterisready.
In Chapter 11, we will learn about using Raspberry Pi for the purpose of time-lapsephotography.
Chapter11
UsingRaspberryPiforTime-LapsePhotography
RaspberryPicamera
RaspberryPimakesagreat,cheap,andquicksolutionfortime-lapsephotography;inthischapter,youwilllearnaboutsettingupyourRaspberryPifortime-lapsephotography.
Whatyou’llneed?
ARaspberryPi(eithermodel)
RaspberryPipowercharger
RaspberryPi5.0MPcameraModel-A
Mouseandkeyboard(wirelessorwired)
Battery(3,200mAh)
Universalremote(orspareone)
APC(desktoporlaptop)tocompletetheinitialsetup
ConfiguringRaspbian
InstallRaspbianonyourSDcard(seeChapter4).
Inorder toenable support for thecameraonRaspberryPi,weneed toadd two lines to/boot/config.txt:
start_file=start_x.elf
fixup_file=fixup_x.dat
Sincewe are going to use battery pack as the source of the power, to keep the power
consumptiondownandtominimum,weneedto‘underclock’thePibyadding:
arm_freq=300
Hardwaresetup
RaspberryPicamera
The Raspberry Pi camera is a 5 MP device and is connected to the CSI port of theRaspberryPiviaaflexibleflatcable.
Wewill be usingModel-A as it consumes less power and can be housed into a smallenclosure.OnceyouhaveinstalledRaspbianonyourSDcard,insertit intotheSDcardslot of your Raspberry Pi. Now connect your Pi with camera using CSI,monitor withHDMI,keyboardandmousewithUSB,andconnecttopowersupply.
AllowyourPitoboot.Wewillnowaddcapturescript.
Capturescript
Thecommand /opt/vc/bin/raspistill is used to capture still images.You need to put thissimplescript(scriptistakenfromDesignSpark)torunraspistillinaloop:
ROLL=$(cat/var/tlcam/series)
SAVEDIR=/var/tlcam/stills
while[true];do
filename=$ROLL-$(date-u+”%d%m%Y_%H%M-%S”).jpg
/opt/vc/bin/raspistill-o$SAVEDIR/$filename
sleep4;
done;
Every time the Pi boots, above script is executed and it captures an image every tenseconds(approx.).
Theimagefilenamecomprisesanumber,determinedbythevariable$ROLL,whichcan
beusedtoquicklydeterminewhichbootseriesitisfrom,anditwillalsoshowaccuratetimeanddateinthecaseofModel-B.
Powerconsumption
Inidlecondition,Pidraws117mA,anditrisestoabout286mAwhencamerabecomesactive.Soa3,200mAhbatterypackshouldeasilygive12hoursoperation.NextstepistoassemblePiandplaceitintoahandywindowsill.
Firstrun
Place the Raspberry Pi and the battery pack in a windowsill and properly attach thecamera to thewindowwith tape. Allow it to boot up.Wait for 12 hours, and after 12hours, itwillcontainat least5,518JPEGfiles.Remove it fromthePiandconnect it toyourPC.Youcannowbrowsethroughthecollectedphotographs.Thiswillfindgooduseincrimedetectionandhomesecurity.
InChapter12,weshalllearnaboutusingRaspberryPiasaFMtransmitter.
Chapter12
UsingRaspberryPiasFMTransmitter
It isveryeasy toconvertyourPi intoaFMtransmitter.Wehavealreadydonesomanyprojects;stepsaresame.
PreparingtheSDcard
First,downloadthisfilefromthegivenlink,andusingWinDisk32ManagerorPoweISO,unzip the file and then transfer the image to SD card:http://www.icrobotics.co.uk/wiki/images/c/c3/Pifm.tar.gz
BootingupthePi
BootupyourPiwithSDcardloadedwiththeimageandcompile
pifm.c
gcc-lm-std=c99pifm.c
Compilingandsettinguptransmission
Thiswillcreateacompiledprogramcalled‘a.out’.Now,runthefile.
Bydefault,WAVfileissetto16bit,22.5kHz,andmonomode.SetWAVfileto‘-’tousestdin.Supposeyouwant tobroadcasta song ‘sound.wav’at100.1MHz, thenenter thiscommand:
sudo./a.outsound.wav100.1
Thiscommandwilltell‘a.out’toplay‘sound.wav’andtransmititat100.1MHzFM.
Ifsuccessful,thecommandpromptwillnotdisplayanything;itwillremainidleforsometimeandwillappeartohangtillitfinishesplayingtheWAVfile.YoucanalwaysexitbypressingCTRL+C.Whenfinishedplaying,theprogramwillreturn‘exiting’.
Gettingabetterrange
Connect awire to theGPIOoutput pin (GPIOpin4bydefault).Thispinwill transmitsignalonlyabout20cm(inabovecase).Whilea20-cmwireconnectedtoaPiwillgiveyouabout10–50meterrange.
UsethisdiagramtolocateGPIOpin4onyourPi.
GPIOschema
Selecta song inasimilarwayand tuneyour radio in10–50meter range, thenyouwillhearwhateveryouaretransmitting.
RaspberryPiasFMtransmitter
That’sallweneedtolearnatthismoment.RaspberryPiisaveryusefulproduct;ifyouhaveideas,youcanturnitintorealitywithRaspberryPi.
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