Rapid Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis

OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE

ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER

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Preparedness for Effective Response –

Introduction to Rapid Damage Assessment

and Needs Analysis

Nelia Salviejo Tabliago

National Disaster Coordinating Council – Office of Civil Defense

[email protected]

CONTENTS

Objectives

Activities within the scope of DANA

Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis – Why. .

When. ..What. .Who. . . .How

Planning Principles and Assumptions

Types of DANA

Survey Assessment Forms

OBJECTIVES

Provide an overview of DANA in terms of its purposes/objectives, processes, planning

principles and assumptions;

Have a common understanding of various levels/types of DANA, and

Be familiarized with the survey/ assessment forms that will be used in the conduct of

DANA at various levels.

Why conduct damage and needs assessment?

Determines the type and extent of damage brought about by a disaster, including its

secondary threats; critical needs of the affected population, and local response capacity;

Exceptionally crucial due to the impact they can have on relaying “situation on the

ground” to response organizations and government;

Prescribes the priorities for response and recovery activities;

Identifies gaps for resource mobilization, and

Provides the framework for effective organization, mobilization and coordination of

services and resources during and following an emergency or disaster



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Activities within the scope of DANA include:

Coordinating activities and resources during the response phase immediately following

an emergency or disaster

Facilitating damage and needs assessments to establish priorities and determine needs

of available resources

Support restoration and temporary repair of critical facilities and systems

In-depth sector assessment for medium and long-term relief as well as rehabilitation

and reconstruction assistance.

What is Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis?

An estimation and description of the nature and extent of damage resulting from a

disaster, including existing capacity in affected areas, to determine the needs and

requirements for purposes of providing assistance.

What is Rapid Assessment?

A process to be done during the emergency period to determine extent of damage and

needs requirement in affected areas as basis for decision-making.

What is In-Depth / Detailed / Comprehensive Assessment?

A process to be done after the initial surveys during and in the aftermath of a disaster

and will cover critical sectors that have to be addressed for medium and long-term relief

such as early recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction assistance

Who shall be involved in DANA?

Initial /Emergency Rapid Assessment Team (ERAT)

Size : at least 4 to 5 members

Characteristics: Multi-disciplinary; common interests & shared

commitment; clear/defined responsibilities; variety of skills

Composition:

- Team Leader (IC) - Public Works - Health

- Social Welfare - Communication - Agriculture



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Who shall be involved in DANA?

In-Depth /Comprehensive Assessment

Size : Depends on the number of impacted sectors

Characteristics : Multi-disciplinary; specialists in impacted sectors; common

interests & shared commitment; clear and defined

responsibilities

Composition :

- Team Leader

- Social Welfare (e.g. CISD specialists)

- Health (e.g. Epidemiologists, Emergency Management

Specialists, Nutritionists)

- Public Works

- Communications

- Agriculture

- Others

Introduction to DANA

1.1 Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis –

Why. .When. .What. .Who. . How

DANA Processes:

1. Planning & Preparation

2. Survey & Data Collection

3. Interpretation and Forecasting

4. Reporting

5. Monitoring

Key Elements / Activities

1. Planning and Preparation

- baseline data

- survey forms / techniques

- standards / indicators

- coordination mechanism

2. Survey and Data Collection

- should be done rapidly and thoroughly

- observe patterns / indicators of potential problems

- identify sources of info



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- triangulation of information

- focus on the disaster situation and needs of the population

3. Interpretation and Forecasting

Incoming assessment data has to be thoroughly analyzed and

interpreted in order to become meaningful and useful information

for decision- makers:

- Cross check and compare reports, check against baseline data for

validity

- Differentiate chronic and disaster-related needs

- Avoid generalization

- Detect and recognize trends and indicators of problems

- Link information to action programs

- Estimate how the situation might develop in the future (This

requires input of specialists who have had extensive experience in

previous emergencies)

4. Reporting

- data should be presented in an easy consistent format

- remember that DANA reports become the basis of decision-

makers to formulate action plans and programs

5. Monitoring

- assessments to be seen as a continuous process of re-

evaluating the need and appropriateness of response,

rehabilitation and recovery interventions

Planning Assumptions

The Philippines or any part thereof or an ASEAN Member State/s (AMS)

will sustain damage and the infrastructures may be difficult to coordinate

Access to the affected area will be dependent upon the

re-establishment of ground, air, rail and water routes. Gradual

clearing of access routes will permit a sustained flow of emergency

relief efforts and further assessments.

Rapid assessment of the affected area must be made to determine critical

response priorities and infrastructure demands.

Immediate response and recovery activities may exceed the

capabilities of the region



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DANA Planning Principles

All disaster events are local responsibility

Primary responsibility lies with the affected local and national

government

Outside Agencies, whether regional or international, play a

support role …..

Planning is the cornerstone for all events worldwide

Priority is humanitarian needs

Types of Assessment:

Initial or Rapid

In-Depth / Detailed / Comprehensive

1. Initial assessment identifies:

Magnitude of event (estimation of figures)

Impact on infrastructure and society

Urgent relief needs and methods for delivery

The level of continuing and emerging threats

Determines emergency relief and immediate response requirements

Conducted immediately, as soon as it is safe for the assessment teams

Is broad in scope

Guide for request of international assistance

2. In-Depth / Comprehensive /Detailed Assessment

Determines long- term recovery and development requirements / options

Conducted over two to four weeks depending on the accessibility of the

affected area

Carried out by specialists in the sector concerned

Survey / Assessment Forms

1. Initial or Rapid Assessment

- ASEAN ERAT Standard Assessment Form

a. covers rough estimates of:

> affected population

> affected areas (worst affected)

> area accessibility



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> effects on infrastructures, lifelines and critical facilities, private

properties

b. response operations

c. priority relief needs and other items

d. Assessors’ field notes / observations

2. In-Depth / Detailed / Comprehensive Assessment

- To be done by sectors impacted by the disaster

- Guide questions

- Checklists

- Standards/Indicators

ASEAN ERAT Standard Survey Form

TEAM MEMBER ITINERARY DATE TIME

Name of Location

Administrative Unit & Division

Local Authorities Interviewed (Name & Title)

Estimated Total Population

Worst-Affected Area(s)

Area(s) Currently Inaccessible

FIELD NOTES:

Team Member:_____________________ Date: __________ Time:____________



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BUILDINGS NUMBER (#) PERCENTAGE (%)

Minor Damage

Major Damage

Destroyed

FIELD NOTES:


LIFELINES & CRITICAL

FACILITIES (LCF)

Number Damaged Number Destroyed

Roadways

Bridges

Communication Networks

Health Facilities

Electricity Network

Water Supply System

FIELD NOTES:




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Agriculture /Fisheries Type Percentage (%) Losses

Crops

Livestock

FIELD NOTES:


Effects on Population

Primary Affected Population

Number Dead

Number Missing

Number Injured

Number Homeless

Number Evacuated in Public Shelters

FIELD NOTES:




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Secondary Threats

Potentially Hazardous Sites

FIELD NOTES:


RESPONSE

OPERATIONS

Agency/Organization Name Assistance Provided

National / Local Gov’t.

NGOs /International Orgs.



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FIELD NOTES:


LOGISTICS & DISTRIBUTION

Storage Facilities

Means of

Transport and

Fuel

Distribution Criteria

FIELD NOTES:


PRIORITY RELIEF

NEEDS & ITEMS

Specifications Quantity



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FIELD NOTES:


INFORMATION SOURCES:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.



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GENERAL FIELD COMMENTS:


CONTACT POINTS

Name of Authority/Org.

Name of Official In-Charge

His/Her Title / Rank

Office Telephone No.

Office Fax No. / Email

Address

Emergency 24-Hr. Contact

No.

Street Address

Responsibility Coordinating domestic response at national level.

Focal Point for international response

Coordinating arrival of relief goods/distribution

Coordinating response at local level

Relief / response action

Scientific Monitoring

Others: ___________________________



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RAPID DAMAGE ASSESSMENT AND NEEDS ANALYSIS (DANA) TRAINING

Group Activity: Cascading of Hazards

Instruction:

1. List the various hazards the city may face. You can use the following checklist as a

starting point and sample.

Typhoon/Cyclones/Hurricanes

Human Conflict

Dam Failure

Airplane crash

Earthquake

Fire

Flood

Hazardous material spill/release



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Terrorism

Tornado

Train derailment

Epidemic

Volcanic eruption

Landslide/Mudslide

Mass fatality incident

Sustained power failure

Others

2. Prioritize these hazards in terms of probability (P) or likelihood to happen and impact (I). Use

the formula (P + I Divided by 2 = average) as basis for ranking of identified hazards.

(Highest-lowest)

Rank Hazard Probability (P) Impact (I) Average

3. Identify the risks and/or secondary effects from the primary hazards that may likely to affect

the city. Consider such factors as:

• Frequency of occurrence.

• Magnitude and intensity.

• Location (affecting critical areas or infrastructure).

• Spatial extent.

• Speed of onset and the availability of warning.

• Potential severity of consequences to people, critical facilities, community functions,

and property.

• Potential cascading events (e.g., damage to chemical processing plant, dam

failure).

4. Identify what secondary effects from those hazards are likely to impact the city?

e.g.

• Communication system breakdown

• Power outages

• Transportation blockages

• Business interruptions

• Mass evacuations/displaced population



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• Overwhelmed medical/mortuary services

• Others

3. Area

Identify what geographic area(s) or facility location(s) is (are) most vulnerable to the high

priority hazards?

4. Plans and Procedures

What plans and procedures:

(Emergency response plan, contingency plan, operational plan, standard operating procedures)

will guide your ERAT response to an event?

Rapid Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis

Documents

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