Ralph P. Overend

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

R &D of Biomass Feedstocksfor Non-Energy Uses

Sustainability in Energy Production and Utilization in Brazil: the next 20 years

February18 - 20, 2002Unicamp, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brasil

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel

ConversionProcesses

BiomassFeedstock

– Wood Residues– Urban Residues – Grasses– Agricultural Crops– Agricultural Residues– Animal Residues–Short Rotation Trees

USESUSES

Fuels: Ethanol Renewable Diesel

Electricity

Heat

Chemicals– Plastics– Solvents– Pharmaceuticals– Chemical Intermediates– Phenolics– Adhesives– Furfural– Fatty acids– Acetic Acid– Carbon black– Paints– Dyes, Pigments, and Ink– Detergents– Etc.

Food and Feed

– Enzymatic Fermentation– Gas/liquid Fermentation– Acid Hydrolysis/Fermentation– Gasification– Combustion– Co-firing

Biobased Products from Biomass

Plant Matter Derived Industrial Materials Volume and % Share (Geiser. 2001)

BioProduct Mt 1996 Share’96 Share’92

95% Ethanol Solvent 0.42 >95 >90

Surface cleaning agents 3.5 50 35

Adhesives 5.0 48 40

Plasticizers 0.8 32 15

Acetic Acid 2.3 28 17.5

Detergents 12.6 18 11

Inks 3.5 16 7

Dyes 4.5 15 6

Pigments 15.0 9 6

Wall Paints 7.8 9 3.5

Specialty Paints 2.4 4.5 2.0

Plastics 30 4.3 1.8

Closed loop biosphere

bark

saw dust

black liquor

Process Residues

Bioenergyforest harvest for energy

short ro tation w oody cropsherbaceous energy crops

forest s lash

harvest residues

bagasse

sta lks & straw s

EnergyServicesheatC H Pelectric ityBiom ass

pulppaperlum berplyw oodcotton

M ateria ls

C onsum ers M SW clean fraction yard trim m ings constr. & dem olition w ood non-recyclable o rganics

C rops, Anim als

dung

ProcessResidues

charcoalethanol

Biofuels

Food

Fiber

Future Biomass Resources

4200 Useful Plant Specie Applications – Part 1

Applications # Applications #Beverages 333 Forage Legumes 62

Cereals 72 Fruits 1440

Drugs 39 Green Matter 22

Dyes 27 Gums 61

Elastomers 47 Legumes 89

Forage Grasses 53 Medicinal 196

Fibers 68 Nuts 161

4200 Useful Plant Specie Applications – Part 2

Applications # Applications #Oil crops 211 Soil stabilizing crops 19

Pesticide crops 32 Sugars and Sweetener 50

Pseudo cereals 15 Tanning Agents 50

Resin crops 31 Vegetables 817

Root crops 484 Wax crops 10

Spices/Herbs/Condiments 367 Windbreak crops 44

Starch crops 302 Australian New Crops Group (2000)

Biomass and Bioconversion Topics impacted by Biotechnology

• Fundamental Science– Photosynthesis, Photosynthetic microorganisms

• Biomass Crops– Targeted Breeding

• Use of Genetic Maps and micro-propogation to accelerate crop development

• Gene insertion for – within plant manufacture of desired products– Pesticide/temperature/water use efficiency– Photosynthesis

• Bioconversion– Current major direction is ethanol from lignocellulosics

Biomass Bioenergy Platforms

Corn Wet MillingToday’s Biorefinery

Babassu Nut Multipurpose

Cost Volume Curve

Hazard Identification

Chemicals & Environment