Workshop South southCooperation for REDD activitiesManaus 16-19 mars 2009

• One of the main source of green house gas emissions is deforestation

• > 75% of the population of 18 million is rural and dependent on the land and its natural resources

• Very high number of endemic species

Madagascar key facts

Madagascar Key facts

• Very high number of endemic species

• Unparalleled levels of endemism at the genus

and family levels:• 25 endemic families;

• 209 plant genera; 6 families

• 34 bird genera; 5 families

• 15 mammal genera; 5 families

2005

1990

2000

1950

National REDD process

• Climate change platform created

• REDD Committee in place

• R-Plan :REDD Readiness plan being established

• National Institution for national data and carbon monitoring: ONEmonitoring: ONE

• National methodology for monitoring

• Integrating SWAP process

• Linked with tripling surface of protected areas

• Integrating PES approach

• Reform of land tenure policy

What deforestation is occurring in Madagascar?

�Total area 59.2 (million ha)

�Total natural forest (million ha)1990 : 10.62000 : 9.72005 : 9.4

�Rate of deforestation40,000 hectares per year (0.53% per year)

Madagascar’s experiences of forest carbon

• The Mantadia corridor:– Ankeniheny-Zahamena Protected

Area (425,000 hectares)– Mantadia reforestation area (3,020

hectares of habitat restoration)

• Makira protected area (400,000 hectares)

• Fandriana-Vondrozo corridor

Makira

Ankeniheny-Zahamena

Mantadia• Fandriana-Vondrozo corridor (250,000 ha)

• REDD/FORECA project to develop REDD methodology

• Many small scale afforestation initiatives

Mantadia

Fandriana Vondrozo

National baseline approach

National baseline approach

• National approach:– 3 sites: biomass inventory,

methodology, socio-economic studies to know factors, actors and causes of deforestation and degradation

REDD FORECA PROJECT MADAGASCAR -

18.03.09

degradation– Moving towards national

approach– National baseline

• Local approach– 4 sites: biomass and socio-

economic studies– Local baseline

1. Haute Ramena: 42 000 ha, PCD, TGRN, Tavy1. Haute Ramena: 42 000 ha, PCD, TGRN, Tavy

Sites

3. Mariarano: 2000 ha, PCD, TGRN, Tavy

4. Tsinjoarivo: 15 000 Ha,

2. Manompana: 40 000 ha

4. Tsinjoarivo: 15 000 Ha, PCD, TGRN, Tavy

6. Corridor Sud: 40 000 ha, PCD, TGRN, forest inventory, illegal logging

7. Tsimanampetsotsa: 43 200

TGRN

7. Tsimanampetsotsa: 43 200 ha, Protected Area, PCD, TGRN

5. Tapia Arivonimamo –Ambatofinandrahana: 40 000ha, PCD, TGRN, Feux

8REDD FORECA PROJECT

MADAGASCAR -18.03.09

Pilot projects

50% to communities for improved land stewardship25% to forest management15% to Ministry monitoring5% to verification5% to marketing

Ankeniheny Zahamena Corridor Project

• One of the most important areas for biodiversity in Madagascar with 40-50% of all species in Madagascar

•At least three species are entirely limited to the corridorthe corridor

•The lowland forest contains the richest reptile community in Africa, and many species of plants from endemic Malagasy families.

ZahamenaNational Park

REDD: A new protected area

Location of the CAZ Project

MantadiaNational Park

Restoration

Principal land uses = causes of Deforestation

Natural Forest(Tavy)

Slash-and-burn agriculture

(Savoka)Fallow

Eucalyptus plantations

• Principal economic activities

• Agriculture

• Charcoal production

• Forest exploitation

• Mines

Deforestation in CAZ

Corridor Total area Forest 2005 Forest loss(Ha/year)

Ankeniheny- 444,516 Ha 382,193 HaAnkeniheny-

Zahamena

444,516 Ha 382,193 Ha 2026

REDD Component

Challenges for REDD projects• Start-up costs

• Classic protected areas issues:– Finding appropriate alternatives

– Ensuring community benefits and involvement in the management of natural resources

• Monitoring of deforestation:• Monitoring of deforestation:– Availability of land cover data

– Expense of monitoring

– Capacity to monitor

Objectives of the REDD project

•Reduce emissions from deforestation through thecreation of the 425,000 hectares NPA

Generate Voluntary Carbon Units (VCUs) from REDthrough the Voluntary Carbon Standard (VCS),

featuring as one of the first RED initiatives in Africa.

The project expects to produce a total amount of Voluntary Carbon Units The project expects to produce a total amount of Voluntary Carbon Units (VCUs) equivalent to approximately 47,400,000 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e),including CO2 and non-CO2 emissions reductions.

•Through the marketing and sale of VCUs from theproject, the Government of Madagascar intends topartially finance the management of the protectedarea and expand economic opportunities for localcommunities.

Main project activities

Objetives of RED Project

Target loss (Ha/year)

Deforest avoided (Ha/year)

tCO2e/Ha tCO2 avoided (tCO2e/year)

Revenue

($5/tCO2e)

420 1605 549 881 262 4 406 310

. Decision-making group: MEFT(leader,carbon aggregator, signs agreements with

landholders ), COS and PLACAZ

. PA Management unit: develop and implementPA’s workplan…

Governance and Management Structure

. Various local sector groups. This structurehas been derived according to discussionamongst members of the technical group.

Project design: stakeholders

Government of Madagascar•Project Manager•Designated National Authority (DNA)•Carbon owner•Registry of offsets

Funders(USAID, CI, WB,

others)

Grants World Bank(Biocarbon Fund)

VER,s)

ERPAEmissions reduction

Purchase Agreements

Conservation International•Project design•Technical support

Local NGO's•Protected area management

Local government•Protected area management

Local Communities

•Land owners•Technical support •Facilitate marketing•Funding activities

management•Forest Restoration•Training in improved livelihood activities

management•Land owners•Community management within protected area•Employment

REDD activities Restoration activities Livelihoods activities

Costs and Investment

Project implementation costs financed by CI, USAID and others;World Bank’s BioCarbon Fund has bought World Bank’s BioCarbon Fund has bought 430,000 tCO2.Other buyers in the voluntary market have shown high interest in the project.

Part 4:

Project status and next stepsand next steps

BioCF’s RED Mosaic Deforestation methodology is used

- CI responsible for PDD preparation, with BioCF support

• Forest carbon density data being collected at present

• Baseline. Land use modeler used to project future

Project Methodology

• Baseline. Land use modeler used to project future deforestation (based on deforestation rate of past 15 years).

Main steps?

• Analysis of historical Land use and Land cover change in the reference region, leakage belt and project boundaries

• Based of historic deforestation rates and local variables, future deforestation rates and location were determined using the module “Land Change Modeler” LCM of the IDRISI software. Identification of forest classes in the areas that will be deforested under the Business As Usual and the land use classes that is going to replace themBusiness As Usual and the land use classes that is going to replace them

• Projection of the rate and location of future deforestation

• Ex ante estimation of carbon stock change under the project scenario

Deforestation during the historical reference period, 1990 to 2000 to 2005. Tan = non-forest in 1990, green = forest in 2005, red = deforestation from 1990 to 2000, purple = deforestation from 2000 to 2005, blue = water.

What factors were taken into account in establishing the baseline/what data sources

• Most of the factors that have a possibility to interfere with the land use dynamics were analysed : roads, pathways, railways, rivers, altitude, slope, proximity to a city, city size, distance from forest edge, etc…etc…

• Most of the data comes from national databases, available from the National Cartography Institution (FTM), Office National de l’Environnement (ONE). Forest cover change data comes from national analysis done by CI for the last 15 years

• What is the monitoring strategy? What kind of remote sensing is being used vs. ground-based measurement? Sample-based or wall-to-wall?

• The extent of forest was derived from mid resolution imagery (Landsat 5 and 7). We then collected ground sample of carbon stocks, using allometric equation to determine the amount of carbon based on tree diameter for the original forest and we used destructive sampling (cut and weight) for the future land use stocks. Sample plots were distributed randomly in the project area.

• Quantification estimates?• we modeled the future carbon emission based on forest cover change • we modeled the future carbon emission based on forest cover change

dynamics under the baseline scenario. The module “Land Change Modeler” of IDRIS software were used for the prediction (see step n.2 in the methodology above)

• How often will measurements be repeated? • (our plan was to do the forest cover change monitoring every 5 years…)• What are the plans for verification of emission estimates?• Through the monitoring process, we can give the exact amount of emission.

Baseline deforestation during the project term

Predicted distribution of deforestation for the project implementation period in five-year increments, using the assumed total rate of deforestation of 0.63 percent per year.

Potential contribution of REDD to protected area financing

National Protected Areas Funding gap: approximately $7 million/year

~$7m

~$22m

REDD?

Climate Change funding could have an important role

~$15m

Restoration Component

Challenges for habitat restoration• Research and development

of appropriate restoration techniques

• Training of local associations in nursery and planting techniques

• Land tenure (title needs to be • Land tenure (title needs to be clear)

• Funding (investment costs)

• Coordination of logistics, administration and amongst multiple stakeholders

Restoration of unique threatened habitat

• 7 local associations running tree nurseries and planting

• 500,000 seedlings of 120 native species

• 110 hectares (of 3,020 ha) have • 110 hectares (of 3,020 ha) have been planted on government owned land

• Land tenure rights will be clarified for communities in the region

Pale green: restoration areaDark green: Existing forestRed line: Protected Area boundariesYellow line: Project Area boundaries Habitat restoration/ reforestation is

expected to produce 800,000 tCO2e of Emissions Reductions

• Improved use of fallow land (Savoka gardens)

• Intensification of agricultural practices to reduce slash and burn

• Agroforestry techniques (1,261 hectares)

• Woodlots (660 hectares)

Sustainable Livelihoods: addressing leakage, and sustaining communities

• Woodlots (660 hectares)

• Links to ecotourism activities in the same area

• These activities provide both immediate and long term benefits

• MISAOTRA TOMPOKO

• OBRIGADO

• THANK YOU

• MERCI