Rajiv Laroia Founder and CTO Flarion Technologies

Rajiv LaroiaRajiv LaroiaFounder and CTOFounder and CTO

Flarion TechnologiesFlarion Technologies

flash-OFDM™ --- Mobile Wireless Internet flash-OFDM™ --- Mobile Wireless Internet TechnologyTechnology

• BackgroundBackground

• Comparison with 3GComparison with 3G

• Advantages of flash-OFDM for dataAdvantages of flash-OFDM for data

• Mobility managementMobility management

flash-OFDM Air-Interface Technologyflash-OFDM Air-Interface TechnologyMobile Wireless InternetMobile Wireless Internet

• 100M Internet users100M Internet users– Of whom only 6% have broadband accessOf whom only 6% have broadband access

• 100M cellular users100M cellular users– Of whom only 5% use their cell phonesOf whom only 5% use their cell phones for datafor data

A Huge Untapped MarketA Huge Untapped MarketThe Immediate Opportunity (U.S.)The Immediate Opportunity (U.S.)

The right technology, marketing and partnerships will unlock the vast potential for wireless Internet services

The right technology, marketing and partnerships will unlock the vast potential for wireless Internet services

Sources: Nielsen, Gartner DataquestSources: Nielsen, Gartner Dataquest

Another Air Interface?Another Air Interface?

• North AmericanNorth American

• CDMA 2000 1xRTTCDMA 2000 1xRTT

• CDMA 2000 1xEV DO (HDR)CDMA 2000 1xEV DO (HDR)

• CDMA 2000 1xEV DV CDMA 2000 1xEV DV

• CDMA 2000 3xCDMA 2000 3x

• European and JapaneseEuropean and Japanese

• GPRS/EDGE (2.5G)GPRS/EDGE (2.5G)

• UMTS Wideband CDMAUMTS Wideband CDMA

• ChineseChinese

• TD-SCDMATD-SCDMA

Evolutions of circuit switched architectures

Are these really designed for data?

Evolutions of circuit switched architectures

Are these really designed for data?

Goals of a Data System

• Affordable (price per megabit)

• Scalable architecture

• Broadband (user experience)

• Interactive/low delay

• End-to-end IP with IP networking

• Seamless extension of the Internet (all current applications work)

The Mobile Broadband ChallengeThe Mobile Broadband ChallengeData and Voice are DifferentData and Voice are Different

• Radio is an inherently unreliable transmission medium when Radio is an inherently unreliable transmission medium when

compared to a wired linkcompared to a wired link– Impairments due to interference and fading create errorsImpairments due to interference and fading create errors

• Current mobile wireless systems were designed for circuit voiceCurrent mobile wireless systems were designed for circuit voice– Circuit voice is very tolerant of transmission errorsCircuit voice is very tolerant of transmission errors

• The “Wired” Internet was designed around a reliable linkThe “Wired” Internet was designed around a reliable link– Internet Protocols do not know how to deal with link degradationInternet Protocols do not know how to deal with link degradation

Wireless Technology EvolutionWireless Technology Evolution

The WebThe WebCS-CDMACS-CDMACDPDCDPD

WirelineWirelineVoiceVoice

MobileMobileVoiceVoice

Cellular – PCS – 3G

AnalogAnalog DigitalDigital

GSMGSMCDMACDMATDMATDMA

HarmonizationHarmonization

WCDMAWCDMACDMA 2000CDMA 2000TD-SCDMATD-SCDMA

Wireless Technology EvolutionWireless Technology Evolution

BROADBANDBROADBAND

The WebThe WebCS-CDMACS-CDMACDPDCDPD


MobileMobileVoiceVoice

Cellular – PCS – 3G

DigitalDigital

GSMGSMCDMACDMATDMATDMA

WCDMAWCDMACDMA 2000CDMA 2000TD-SCDMATD-SCDMA

AnalogAnalog


MobileMobileVoiceVoiceAMPS – PCS – 3G

Mobile DataMobile Data

AMPS – PCS – 3G

Mobile Wireless DataMobile Wireless Data

IP over VoiceIP over Voiceis inefficient approachis inefficient approach

to Data Mobilityto Data Mobility


MobileMobileVoiceVoiceAMPS – PCS – 3G

WirelineWirelineData (IP)Data (IP) IP over VoiceIP over Voice

is inefficient approachis inefficient approachto Data Mobilityto Data Mobility

Mobile Mobile BroadbandBroadband

Mobile Wireless DataMobile Wireless Data

flash-OFDMTM

= cellular performance= cellular performance

The WiredThe WiredExperienceExperience

Circuit VoiceCircuit Voice

PeakPeakDataDataRateRate

Response TimeResponse Time(interactivity)(interactivity)

FastFast(e.g., LAN)(e.g., LAN)

SlowSlow(e.g., dial-up)(e.g., dial-up)

SlowSlow(seconds)(seconds)

FastFast(real-time)(real-time)

GamingGaming

VoIPVoIP

FTPFTP

MessagingMessaging

StreamingStreaming

BrowsingBrowsing

V-Conf.V-Conf.

Chat/TradingChat/Trading

VoIP

V-Conf.

Gaming

FTPFTP

Chat/TradingChat/TradingBrowsingBrowsing

StreamingStreaming

FTPFTP

Chat/TradingChat/Trading

BrowsingBrowsing

StreamingStreaming

FTPFTP

Chat/TradingChat/TradingBrowsingBrowsingStreamingStreaming

FTP

Messaging

Streaming

Browsing

Chat/TradingMessaging

Gaming

VoIP

FTP

Streaming

Browsing

V-Conf.

Chat/TradingCircuit Voice

= = flash-OFDM performanceflash-OFDM performance

FTP

Messaging

Streaming

Browsing

Chat/Trading

InternetInternetTrends: Build a new Web?Trends: Build a new Web?

The WiredExperience

TheCellular

Web

TheCellular

Web

Wired Performance EnvelopeWired Performance EnvelopeCellular Data Performance EnvelopeCellular Data Performance Envelope flash-OFDM Performance Envelopeflash-OFDM Performance Envelope

Flarion gives youFlarion gives youThe Web, not justThe Web, not justThe Cellular WebThe Cellular Web

flash-OFDMflash-OFDMTMTM Technology TechnologyA Seamless Extension to the InternetA Seamless Extension to the Internet

Public Internet

Operator’s Dedicated IP Domain

RadioRouterRadioRouterTMTM

Base StationsBase Stations

RadioRouter™ NetworksRadioRouter™ Networks

MobilityMobilityManagementManagement

UserUserTerminalsTerminals

Flar

ion

Flar

ion ChipsetsChipsets

• Circuit switched systems– create fat pipes (physical layer)

• Packet data systems – create fat pipes (physical layer)

– share pipe efficiently between users (MAC layer)

– create reliable links for data (link layer)

– send packet data over links (higher layers)

• Circuit switched systems– create fat pipes (physical layer)

• Packet data systems – create fat pipes (physical layer)

– share pipe efficiently between users (MAC layer)

– create reliable links for data (link layer)

– send packet data over links (higher layers)

flash-OFDM™ Advantageflash-OFDM™ Advantage

• High-speed downlink and uplink based on OFDM– orthogonal (no in cell interference)– no equalization for multipath delay-spread

• Fast hopped --- spread spectrum

• High-speed downlink and uplink based on OFDM– orthogonal (no in cell interference)– no equalization for multipath delay-spread

• Fast hopped --- spread spectrum

Ton

es

symT1/T

Time

Fat pipe

flash-OFDM™ flash-OFDM™ Physical Layer AdvantagePhysical Layer Advantage

• OFDM granular resource partition

• No overhead control messaging

• Data as frames

• OFDM granular resource partition

• No overhead control messaging

• Data as frames

Ton

es

symT1/T

Time

data frame

flash-OFDM™ flash-OFDM™ MAC/Link Layer AdvantageMAC/Link Layer Advantage

• Fast ARQ and retransmission over airlink– less than 5 msec ARQ loop time– with 20 msec delay transmit a data frame up to 5 times– higher spectral efficiency

• Uplink transmission requests – no contention based access– uplink/downlink data frames scheduled by RadioRouter™

• Large number of active users

• Fast ARQ and retransmission over airlink– less than 5 msec ARQ loop time– with 20 msec delay transmit a data frame up to 5 times– higher spectral efficiency

• Uplink transmission requests – no contention based access– uplink/downlink data frames scheduled by RadioRouter™

• Large number of active users

Interactive data

QOS over airlink

flash-OFDM™ flash-OFDM™ MAC/Link Layer AdvantageMAC/Link Layer Advantage

• Reliable link– far fewer end-to-end retransmissions

• Low delay– efficient transport layer (TCP/IP)– higher burst rates meaningful– interactive applications supported (VOIP)

• No soft-handoff and true make-before-break handoff– IP to the RadioRouter™– reliable seamless handoffs

• Reliable link– far fewer end-to-end retransmissions

• Low delay– efficient transport layer (TCP/IP)– higher burst rates meaningful– interactive applications supported (VOIP)

• No soft-handoff and true make-before-break handoff– IP to the RadioRouter™– reliable seamless handoffs

Better user experience

flash-OFDM™ flash-OFDM™ Higher Layer AdvantageHigher Layer Advantage

• Transmit antenna and multi-user diversity

• Autonomous RadioRouters™– no common timing reference (no GPS)– no need for frequency or code planning– no knowledge of neighboring RadioRouters™

• Scalable, flexible architecture

• Lower cost:– system planning– system deployment– maintenance

• Transmit antenna and multi-user diversity

• Autonomous RadioRouters™– no common timing reference (no GPS)– no need for frequency or code planning– no knowledge of neighboring RadioRouters™

• Scalable, flexible architecture

• Lower cost:– system planning– system deployment– maintenance

flash-OFDM™ flash-OFDM™ System AdvantageSystem Advantage

Highest bits/Hz/$

RadioRouters™

Router

Managed IP Domain

SIP

Public Internet

MSMS

FA

MSMS MSMS

MediaGateway

TelephoneTelephone

PSTN/Cellular

MSMS

QoSAssured(Provisioning)

QoSAssured

(Provisioning)

Best Effort(Variable Voice Quality)

VoIP Services SupportedVoIP Services Supported

• EfficientEfficient– Low latency air linkLow latency air link

• SimpleSimple– Voice treated as dataVoice treated as data– Standard Wireline IP Header CompressionStandard Wireline IP Header Compression

• IETF ROHC not requiredIETF ROHC not required

FlarionFlarionRadioRouterRadioRouterTMTM

RouterRouter

Managed IP Domain

Back End Systems

Public Internet

Border Gateways / FirewallBorder Gateways / FirewallMobilityAgents

Mobility Management – Mobile IPMobility Management – Mobile IP

Router

Private IP Domain

HA

Public Internet

Border Gateway(s)Border Gateway(s)

FAFACOA1COA1

Remote Web

MSMS Home=IPxHome=IPx

RegisterRegisterIPx->COA1IPx->COA1

IPx->COA1IPx->COA1

Mobile IP RegistrationMobile IP Registration


Router

Private IP Domain

HA

Public Internet


FAFACOA1COA1

Remote Web

MS

FAFACOA2COA2

IPx->COA1IPx->COA1

Mobile IP HandoffMobile IP Handoff


Router

Private IP Domain

HA

Public Internet


FAFACOA1COA1

Remote Web

MS

FAFACOA2COA2

RegisterRegisterIPx->COA2IPx->COA2

IPx->COA1

IPx->COA2IPx->COA2

Mobile IP HandoffMobile IP Handoff


MSMS

MNMN

New RRNew RROld RROld RR

Enhanced Mobile IP Handoff Enhanced Mobile IP Handoff Reactive Make Before BreakReactive Make Before Break

Context Transfer RequestContext Transfer Request

L2 RegisterL2 Register

MIP RegistrationMIP Registration+ PFANE+ PFANE

Context Transfer UpdateContext Transfer Update

Binding UpdateBinding Update

• 3G systems– primarily designed and optimized at the physical layer

– higher layers are designed on top

– IP unfriendly

– expensive network infrastructure

• flash-OFDM systems

– joint design across all layers

– optimized for IP data at all layers

– low delay - interactive

– scalable architecture

– simplified IP network

– seamless extension of the internet

• 3G systems– primarily designed and optimized at the physical layer

– higher layers are designed on top

– IP unfriendly

– expensive network infrastructure

• flash-OFDM systems

– joint design across all layers

– optimized for IP data at all layers

– low delay - interactive

– scalable architecture

– simplified IP network

– seamless extension of the internet

SummarySummary

Rajiv Laroia Founder and CTO Flarion Technologies

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