Rainer Krebs

8/14/2019 Rainer Krebs

1/46

Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.

Increasing amount of DGs demands for continuous

protection system audits and new protection schemes

Always an Eye to Security

www.siemens.com/siguard


2/46

IC SG SE PTI


2012-11 Rainer KrebsPage 2


Prof. Dr.-Ing. Rainer Krebs

Principal Expert Power Technologies

Head of Protection and Control System Studies

Siemens AG, Infrastructure & Cities Sector

IC SG SE PTI NC, Erlangen, Germany

Honorary Professor for System Protection and Control

Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany

German Member in working groups of: IEC, CIGRE, IEEE, DKE, T&D Europe

Board Member of VDE Bavaria


3/46

IC SG SE PTI



Transformation of the Electricity System

Challenges for Protection Systems of Smart Grids

Continuous Analysis of Protection Systems andProtection system audits with SIGUARDPSA

Adaption of the Protection Schemes if DGs Lead

to Unselectivities Which Cannot be Covered by

Changes of Settings

Underfrequency Loadshedding without and with

DGs

Summary

Contents



4/46

IC SG SE PTI








Changes of Settings


DGs

Summary

Contents



5/46

IC SG SE PTI



Electrification of society

Age of Coal

Generation and load

closely coordinated

Coal

hydro

No environmental concerns

19th Century 20th Century

Environmental awareness

Unsustainable energy system

21st Century


Age of Coal

Sustainable energy system

* First electrical energy conversion 1866 by Werner v. Siemens


6/46

IC SG SE PTI



*) ICT = Information and Communication Technologies

No environmental concerns

19th Century 20th Century

Environmental awareness

Unsustainable energy system

The NewElectricity Age

Electricity will be theenergy

source with a power grid as

backbone.

Integrated energy system

Load follows generation

Generation controls load

Renewable energy sources(solar, wind, hydro, biomass),

clean coal, gas, nuclear

21st Century


New Electricity Age the Age of Integration

Sustainable energy system


7/46IC SG SE PTI








Changes of Settings


DGs

Summary

Contents



8/46IC SG SE PTI




From Primary Energy Sources to Consumers

Windparcs Onshore/OffshoreDouble fed ASMVoltage Source Converters

Power PlantsLarge GeneratorsLarge Motors

Auxiliary Systems

TransmissionShort and long lines,cablesTransformersDiff. Busbar Configs

FACTS / HVDC

DistributionVarious Switching SituationsDGs

Short-circuit Current Limiters

IndustriesLarge Motors, Generators

Power ElectronicsDynamic Loads

Oil and Gas, Harbor-and Special SystemsMVDC-SIPLINK

LNG


9/46IC SG SE PTI




Relay Types of Nearly All Eras Must Be Coordinated

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Analog Relays

Control

Numerical Protection Relays

SIPROTECV1-V3 SIPROTECV4

Electromechanical Relays


10/46IC SG SE PTI

Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.2012-11 Rainer KrebsPage 10


Relay Types of All Manufacturers Must Be Coordinated


11/46IC SG SE PTI


Short-Circuit ProtectionSystem Protection


System Protection and Short-Circuit Protection

Short-Circuits

Normal Operation

Without DGs,

No changing SC dir.,

Stability Reserves

Short Circuits

Critical Operation

High Loads, DGs,Changing Infeeds,

Stability Limit

80% of all blackouts and large disturbances

are in conjunction with wrong or unselective

short-circuit protection

Problem area short-circuit can often not

clearly be confined towards the problem area

system operation.

Design of the protection system and equipment

selection follows standard company rules

despite of new requirements defined by

modern power systems.

No consideration of system emergency

situations during settings calculation

No consideration of system changes and

extensionsno continuous settings update


12/46IC SG SE PTI



RENEWABLES

Bulk wind farmsonshore and offshore arefeeding transmission grids

Smal ler wind farm sand large PV plantsare feeding distribution grids

Small roof PV plantsfeeding LV grid

Energy infeed is predictable, Power infeedis not predictable

Energy TRADE

Energy market is deregulated

TRANSMISSION SYSTEM EXPANSION

Reduction of spinning reserve

The transmission grids with a clear power

transmission task are actually transformed

into power exchange platforms


13/46IC SG SE PTI


Source: IfR, TU-Braunschweig,

Vattenfall Europe Transmission, Feb. 2008

Windpower infeedLoad

12000

03/020

8000

4000

10/02 17/02 24/02

Power

in MW

Wind Power forecast


Predictability and Dynamics of Wind Power

Example: Vattenfall Europe Transmission, Feb. 2008

Error: -60%

Error: +280%


14/46IC SG SE PTI



Predictability and Dynamics of Solar Power

Source: Michael Weinhold & friends

Sunny Day, April: 1,9 MWh

Cloudy Day, April: 1,2 MWh


15/46IC SG SE PTI







Changes of Settings


DGs

Summary

Contents



16/46IC SG SE PTI


Protection System Audits with SIGUARDPSA

Protection System Fingerprint


17/46

IC SG SE PTI Siemens AG 2012. All rights reserved.



Today: Use of Graphical Documentation of Relay Settings


18/46




Today: Use of Graphical Documentation of Relay Settings


19/46




Protection Security Assessment

ScanningSystem

Finger-printsNetwork and ProtectionSystem

Magnetic Resonance

Imaging


20/46




Protection System Improvement

Magnetic Resonance

Imaging

Doctor makes

analysis acc. to

his experienceand defined measures

Finger-prints

expert system

orgenetic algorithm

or protection expert

AdaptiveSettings


21/46



1 21 41 61 81 99

L-Nord-Ble

L-Nord-Heide

L-Nord-Uni

L-Ost-Ble

L-Ost-Mitte

L-Ost-Oberwald

L-Ost-Uni

L-Sd-Oberwald

L-West-Heide

L-West-StoraEnso

L-West-Mitte

L-Grnwinkel-Sd

L-West-Grnwinkel

Ik1E.dat - Fehlerwiderstand 2.5 Ohm

relative Lnge in % (Fehlerort)

Leitungen

1 21 41 61 81 99

L-Nord-Ble

L-Nord-Heide

L-Nord-Uni

L-Ost-Ble

L-Ost-Mitte

L-Ost-Oberwald

L-Ost-Uni

L-Sd-Oberwald

L-West-Heide

L-West-StoraEnso

L-West-Mitte

L-Grnwinkel-Sd

L-West-Grnwinkel



Leitungen

1 21 41 61 81 99

L-Nord-Ble

L-Nord-Heide

L-Nord-Uni

L-Ost-Ble

L-Ost-Mitte

L-Ost-Oberwald

L-Ost-Uni

L-Sd-Oberwald

L-West-Heide

L-West-StoraEnso

L-West-Mitte

L-Grnwinkel-Sd

L-West-Grnwinkel



Leitungen

1 21 41 61 81 99

L-Nord-Ble

L-Nord-Heide

L-Nord-Uni

L-Ost-Ble

L-Ost-Mitte

L-Ost-Oberwald

L-Ost-Uni

L-Sd-Oberwald

L-West-Heide

L-West-StoraEnso

L-West-Mitte

L-Grnwinkel-Sd

L-West-Grnwinkel



Leitungen

1 21 41 61 81 99

L-Nord-Ble

L-Nord-Heide

L-Nord-Uni

L-Ost-Ble

L-Ost-Mitte

L-Ost-Oberwald

L-Ost-Uni

L-Sd-Oberwald

L-West-Heide

L-West-StoraEnso

L-West-Mitte

L-Grnwinkel-Sd

L-West-Grnwinkel



Leitungen

1 21 41 61 81 99

L-Nord-Ble

L-Nord-Heide

L-Nord-Uni

L-Ost-Ble

L-Ost-Mitte

L-Ost-Oberwald

L-Ost-Uni

L-Sd-Oberwald

L-West-Heide

L-West-StoraEnso

L-West-Mitte

L-Grnwinkel-Sd

L-West-Grnwinkel

Ik1E.dat - Fehlerwiderstand 2 Ohm


Leitungen

1 21 41 61 81 99

L-Nord-Ble

L-Nord-Heide

L-Nord-Uni

L-Ost-Ble

L-Ost-Mitte

L-Ost-Oberwald

L-Ost-Uni

L-Sd-Oberwald

L-West-Heide

L-West-StoraEnso

L-West-Mitte

L-Grnwinkel-Sd

L-West-Grnwinkel



Leitungen

1 21 41 61 81 99

L-Nord-Ble

L-Nord-Heide

L-Nord-Uni

L-Ost-Ble

L-Ost-Mitte

L-Ost-Oberwald

L-Ost-Uni

L-Sd-Oberwald

L-West-Heide

L-West-StoraEnso

L-West-Mitte

L-Grnwinkel-Sd

L-West-Grnwinkel



Leitungen

1 21 41 61 81 99

L-Nord-Ble

L-Nord-Heide

L-Nord-Uni

L-Ost-Ble

L-Ost-Mitte

L-Ost-Oberwald

L-Ost-Uni

L-Sd-Oberwald

L-West-Heide

L-West-StoraEnso

L-West-Mitte

L-Grnwinkel-Sd

L-West-Grnwinkel



Leitungen

1 21 41 61 81 99

L-Nord-Ble

L-Nord-Heide

L-Nord-Uni

L-Ost-Ble

L-Ost-Mitte

L-Ost-Oberwald

L-Ost-Uni

L-Sd-Oberwald

L-West-Heide

L-West-StoraEnso

L-West-Mitte

L-Grnwinkel-Sd

L-West-Grnwinkel



Leitungen

1 21 41 61 81 99

L-Nord-Ble

L-Nord-Heide

L-Nord-Uni

L-Ost-Ble

L-Ost-Mitte

L-Ost-Oberwald

L-Ost-Uni

L-Sd-Oberwald

L-West-Heide

L-West-StoraEnso

L-West-Mitte

L-Grnwinkel-Sd

L-West-Grnwinkel



Leitungen

1 21 41 61 81 99

L-Nord-Ble

L-Nord-Heide

L-Nord-Uni

L-Ost-Ble

L-Ost-Mitte

L-Ost-Oberwald

L-Ost-Uni

L-Sd-Oberwald

L-West-Heide

L-West-StoraEnso

L-West-Mitte

L-Grnwinkel-Sd

L-West-Grnwinkel



Leitungen

1 21 41 61 81 99

L-Nord-Ble

L-Nord-Heide

L-Nord-Uni

L-Ost-Ble

L-Ost-Mitte

L-Ost-Oberwald

L-Ost-Uni

L-Sd-Oberwald

L-West-Heide

L-West-StoraEnso

L-West-Mitte

L-Grnwinkel-Sd

L-West-Grnwinkel



Leitungen

1 21 41 61 81 99

L-Nord-Ble

L-Nord-Heide

L-Nord-Uni

L-Ost-Ble

L-Ost-Mitte

L-Ost-Oberwald

L-Ost-Uni

L-Sd-Oberwald

L-West-Heide

L-West-StoraEnso

L-West-Mitte

L-Grnwinkel-Sd

L-West-Grnwinkel



Leitungen

1 21 41 61 81 99

L-Nord-Ble

L-Nord-Heide

L-Nord-Uni

L-Ost-Ble

L-Ost-Mitte

L-Ost-Oberwald

L-Ost-Uni

L-Sd-Oberwald

L-West-Heide

L-West-StoraEnso

L-West-Mitte

L-Grnwinkel-Sd

L-West-Grnwinkel



Leitungen

1 21 41 61 81 99

L-Nord-Ble

L-Nord-Heide

L-Nord-Uni

L-Ost-Ble

L-Ost-Mitte

L-Ost-Oberwald

L-Ost-Uni

L-Sd-Oberwald

L-West-Heide

L-West-StoraEnso

L-West-Mitte

L-Grnwinkel-Sd

L-West-Grnwinkel



Leitungen

1 21 41 61 81 99

L-Nord-Ble

L-Nord-Heide

L-Nord-Uni

L-Ost-Ble

L-Ost-Mitte

L-Ost-Oberwald

L-Ost-Uni

L-Sd-Oberwald

L-West-Heide

L-West-StoraEnso

L-West-Mitte

L-Grnwinkel-Sd

L-West-Grnwinkel



Leitungen

1 21 41 61 81 99

L-Nord-Ble

L-Nord-Heide

L-Nord-Uni

L-Ost-Ble

L-Ost-Mitte

L-Ost-Oberwald

L-Ost-Uni

L-Sd-Oberwald

L-West-Heide

L-West-StoraEnso

L-West-Mitte

L-Grnwinkel-Sd

L-West-Grnwinkel



Leitungen

1 21 41 61 81 99

L-Nord-Ble

L-Nord-Heide

L-Nord-Uni

L-Ost-Ble

L-Ost-Mitte

L-Ost-Oberwald

L-Ost-Uni

L-Sd-Oberwald

L-West-Heide

L-West-StoraEnso

L-West-Mitte

L-Grnwinkel-Sd

L-West-Grnwinkel



Leitungen

1 21 41 61 81 99

L-Nord-Ble

L-Nord-Heide

L-Nord-Uni

L-Ost-Ble

L-Ost-Mitte

L-Ost-Oberwald

L-Ost-Uni

L-Sd-Oberwald

L-West-Heide

L-West-StoraEnso

L-West-Mitte

L-Grnwinkel-Sd

L-West-Grnwinkel



Leitungen

1 21 41 61 81 99

L-Nord-Ble

L-Nord-Heide

L-Nord-Uni

L-Ost-Ble

L-Ost-Mitte

L-Ost-Oberwald

L-Ost-Uni

L-Sd-Oberwald

L-West-Heide

L-West-StoraEnso

L-West-Mitte

L-Grnwinkel-Sd

L-West-Grnwinkel



Leitungen

1 21 41 61 81 99

L-Nord-Ble

L-Nord-Heide

L-Nord-Uni

L-Ost-Ble

L-Ost-Mitte

L-Ost-Oberwald

L-Ost-Uni

L-Sd-Oberwald

L-West-Heide

L-West-StoraEnso

L-West-Mitte

L-Grnwinkel-Sd

L-West-Grnwinkel



Leitungen

1 21 41 61 81 99

L-Nord-Ble

L-Nord-Heide

L-Nord-Uni

L-Ost-Ble

L-Ost-Mitte

L-Ost-Oberwald

L-Ost-Uni

L-Sd-Oberwald

L-West-Heide

L-West-StoraEnso

L-West-Mitte

L-Grnwinkel-Sd

L-West-Grnwinkel



Leitungen

1 21 41 61 81 99

L-Nord-Ble

L-Nord-Heide

L-Nord-Uni

L-Ost-Ble

L-Ost-Mitte

L-Ost-Oberwald

L-Ost-Uni

L-Sd-Oberwald

L-West-Heide

L-West-StoraEnso

L-West-Mitte

L-Grnwinkel-Sd

L-West-Grnwinkel



Leitungen

1 21 41 61 81 99

L-Nord-Ble

L-Nord-Heide

L-Nord-Uni

L-Ost-Ble

L-Ost-Mitte

L-Ost-Oberwald

L-Ost-Uni

L-Sd-Oberwald

L-West-Heide

L-West-StoraEnso

L-West-Mitte

L-Grnwinkel-Sd

L-West-Grnwinkel



Leitungen


Protection System Fingerprint

1 21 41 61 81 99

L-Nord-Ble

L-Nord-Heide

L-Nord-Uni

L-Ost-Ble

L-Ost-Mitte

L-Ost-Oberwald

L-Ost-Uni

L-Sd-Oberwald

L-West-Heide

L-West-StoraEnso

L-West-Mitte

L-Grnwinkel-Sd

L-West-Grnwinkel



Leitungen

< 0,0 Ohm< 0,1 Ohm< 0,2 Ohm< 0,3 Ohm

< 0,4 Ohm< 0,5 Ohm< 0,6 Ohm< 0,7 Ohm< 0,8 Ohm< 0,9 Ohm< 1,0 Ohm< 1,1 Ohm< 1,2 Ohm< 1,3 Ohm< 1,4 Ohm

< 1,5 Ohm< 1,6 Ohm< 1,7 Ohm< 1,8 Ohm< 1,9 Ohm< 2,0 Ohm< 2,1 Ohm< 2,2 Ohm< 2,3 Ohm< 2,4 Ohm< 2,5 Ohm

Fault Resistance

mindestens ein Schutzgert an dem zu schtzenden Betriebsmittel lstnicht aus (Unterfunktion)

bei einem Fehler auf dem zu schtzenden Betriebsmittel lst mindestens

ein nachgeordnetes Schutzgert mit aus (berfunktion)

Schutzgerte an dem zu schtzenden Betriebsmittel lsen erst in derdritten Zone, oder einer hheren Zone, aus

Schutzgerte an dem zu schtzenden Betriebsmittel sollten in der zweitenZone auslsen, lsen ab bereits in der ersten Zone aus - und umgekehrt

Schutzgerte an dem zu schtzenden Betriebsmittel lsen korrekt aus

mindestens ein Schutzgert an dem zu schtzenden Betriebsmittel lstnicht aus (Unterfunktion)

bei einem Fehler auf dem zu schtzenden Betriebsmittel lst mindestens

ein nachgeordnetes Schutzgert mit aus (berfunktion)

Schutzgerte an dem zu schtzenden Betriebsmittel lsen erst in derdritten Zone, oder einer hheren Zone, aus

Schutzgerte an dem zu schtzenden Betriebsmittel sollten in der zweitenZone auslsen, lsen ab bereits in der ersten Zone aus - und umgekehrt

Schutzgerte an dem zu schtzenden Betriebsmittel lsen korrekt aus

Lin

es

L1-E Fault

Rel. line length / %

Protection relays trip correctly

Protection relays operate accelerated

Protection relays operate delayed

Protection relays overfunction

Protection relays underfunction


22/46


23/46




Zooming into the FingerPrint

Detailed information

about protection

device operation(device name,

tripping zone,

tripping time)

Columns with the

name and length of

the line

Fault location

(% of the line length)

Color of the fields

depends on the

efficiency of the fault

clearing (see below)

selective trip

unselective trip(overfunction)

no trip (underfunction)


24/46




Relay Error Rate for all 294 relays at 1-phase fault


25/46



SIGUARD

The Family of Power System Security Solutions

The perfect supervision

of your power system

SIGUARD PDP

Phasor data processor for gathering,archiving and analyzing PMU datameasurement

SIGUARD DSA

Dynamic security assessment of the impactof contingencies in actual and future systemstates

SIGUARD PSA

Protection security assessment of theselectivity, sensitivity and speed of theoverall system and generator protection


26/46


2012-11 Rainer KrebsPage 26IGUARDDSA Cockpit

Contingencies

SIGUARDPSA

Protection

Selector

Visualization &Reporting

START

ComputationComputation

Engine

Protection

Database

Automatic

Contingencies &

Settings

Scenarios

Steady-State Network

Database

SCADA

Snapshot

SCADA

Monitoring

Result

Database

SCADA

RDC

Contingencies

Interface

Adaptive

Settingst, I>, I>>

Protection Simulator

Selectivity, Speed, Security

Protection

Index Selection

Search Algorithm

p th

Fault Pattern

Analysis andEvaluation
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/4_ProtectionSelector.pptxhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/4_ProtectionSelector.pptxhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/3_ProtectionDatabase.pptxhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/3_ProtectionDatabase.pptxhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/1_NetworkDatabase.pptxhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/1_NetworkDatabase.pptxhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/8_Result%20data.pptxhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/8_Result%20data.pptxhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/8_Result%20data.pptxhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/Under%20Construction.pptxhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/Under%20Construction.pptxhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/7_ProtectionIndex.pptxhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/7_ProtectionIndex.pptxhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/2_Searchalgorithmus.pptxhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/2_Searchalgorithmus.pptxhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/7_ProtectionIndex.pptxhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/Under%20Construction.pptxhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/8_Result%20data.pptxhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/1_NetworkDatabase.pptxhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/3_ProtectionDatabase.pptxhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/4_ProtectionSelector.pptx


27/46





Continuous Analysis of Protection Systems and

Protection system audits with SIGUARDPSA



Changes of Settings


DGs

Summary

Contents



28/46



Distribution System of a Small City

No DG Installed, Radial System with Single Infeed

Utility

110 kV

20 kV

M

Industry

10 MW

I

I> I>

Housing area

0.5 MW

M

Industry

3 MW

I>

I>

40 MVA I>

I>>

I>

t>0.3s t>0.0st>0.9s

t>1.2s

t>0.6s

t>>0s

t>0.0s

City network 7 MW

I>

t>0.6s

I>

t>0.6s

Protection selectivity by use of simple non-directional oc relays

- Unique short-circuit direction,

- Current / time grading with def. or IDMTL characteristics

Grading from load to infeed with increasing tripping times

I>t>1,5s


29/46




No DG Installed, Radial System with Single Infeed

Utility

110 kV

20 kV

M

Industry

10 MW

I

I> I>

Housing area

0.5 MW

M

Industry

3 MW

I>

I>

40 MVA I>

I>>

I>

t>0.3s t>0.0st>0.9s

t>1.2s

t>0.6s

t>>0s

t>0.0s

City network 7 MW

I>

t>0.6s

I>

t>0.6sI>

t>1,5s

Protection selectivity by use of simple non-directional oc relays

- Unique short-circuit direction,

- Current / time grading with def. or IDMTL characteristics

Grading from load to infeed with increasing tripping times


30/46




Large DG Installed

Utility

110 kV

20 kV

M

Industry

10 MW

I

I I> I>

Housing area

0.5 MW

M

Industry

3 MW

I>

I>

40 MVA I>

I>>

I>

t>0.6s t>0.3s t>0.0st>0.9s

t>1.2s

t>0.6s

t>0s

t>0.0s

City network 7 MW

Biomass

-plant

25 MW

I>

t> 0.6s

I>

t> 0.6sI>

t>1,5s

It>0.6s

I>

t>1.2s

New protection concepts necessary

Supposed that sc currents of both infeeds are in same range

No selectivity with non-directional OC protection

Long fault clearing times

Islanding of not-allowed areas

Non-directional OC-Protection


31/46




Large DG Installed

Utility

110 kV

20 kV

M

Industry

10 MW

I

I I> I>

Housing area

0.5 MW

M

Industry

3 MW

I>

I>

40 MVA I>

I>>

I>

t>0.6s t>0.3s t>0.0st>0.9s

t>1.2s

t>0.6s

t>0s

t>0.0s

City network 7 MW

Biomass

-plant

25 MW

I>

t> 0.6s

I>

t> 0.6sI>

t>1,5s

It>0.6s

I>

t>1.2s








32/46




Large DG Installed

Utility

110 kV

20 kV

M

Industry

10 MW

I

I I> I>

Housing area

0.5 MW

M

Industry

3 MW

I>

I>

40 MVA I>

I>>

I>

t>0.6s t>0.3s t>0.0st>0.9s

t>1.2s

t>0.6s

t>0s

t>0.0s

City network 7 MW

Biomass

-plant

25 MW

I>

t> 0.6s

I>

t> 0.6sI>

t>1,5s

It>0.6s

Islanding of System not allowed!

-No frequency control

-No resynchronizationNew protection concepts necessary





I>

t>1.2s



33/46




Large DG Installed

Utility

110 kV

20 kV

M

Industry

10 MW

I

I> I>

Housing area

0.5 MW

M

Industry

3 MW

I>

40 MVA I>

I>>

I>

t>0.3s t>0.0s

t>1.2s

t>0.3s

t>0s

t>0.0s

City network 7 MW

Biomass

-plant

25 MW

I>t>1,5s

It>0.9s

It>0.6s

It>0.6s

It>0.6s

It>0.6s

It>0.9s

I>

t>1.2s






Directional OC-Protection


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Large DG Installed

Utility

110 kV

20 kV

M

Industry

10 MW

I

I> I>

Housing area

0.5 MW

M

Industry

3 MW

I>

40 MVA I>

I>>

I>

t>0.3s t>0.0s

t>1.2s

t>0.3s

t>>0s

t>0.0s

City network 7 MW

Biomass

-plant

25 MW

I>t>1,5s

It>0.9s

It>0.6s

It>0.6s

It>0.6s

It>0.6s

It>0.9s

I>

t>1.2s






Directional OC-Protection


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Large DG Installed

Utility

110 kV

20 kV

M

Industry10 MW

Biomass-plant25 MW

I

I>

t> 0.0s

Housing area0.5 MW

M

Industry3 MW

40 MVA

t> 0.05s

I>>

t>>0s

I>

t> 0.0s

City network 7 MW

I> I>

I> I>

I> I>

I>

I>

t> 0.05s

I>

U

Decouplingdevice

I>

t>0.3s






OC-Protection with directional comparison

and fast U-Q decoupling

I>

t>0.3s


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Large DG Installed

Utility

110 kV

20 kV

M

Industry

10 MW

I

I> I>

Housing area

0.5 MW

M

Industry

3 MW

I>

40 MVA I>

I>>

I>

t>0.3s t>0.0s

t>1.2s

t>0.3s

t>>0s

t>0.0s

City network 7 MW

Biomass

-plant

25 MW

I>t>1,5s

It>0.9s

It>0.6s

It>0.6s

It>0.6s

It>0.6s

It>0.9s

I>

t>1.2s



-No resynchronization

Anti-islanding logic

PMU-installation for island detection

Anti-islanding protection necessary

Anti-islanding

logic


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Large DG Installed

Utility

110 kV

20 kV

M

Industry

10 MW

I

I> I>

Housing area

0.5 MW

M

Industry

3 MW

I>

40 MVA I>

I>>

I>

t>0.3s t>0.0s

t>1.2s

t>0.3s

t>>0s

t>0.0s

City network 7 MW

Biomass

-plant

25 MW

I>t>1,5s

It>0.9s

It>0.6s

It>0.6s

It>0.6s

It>0.6s

It>0.9s

I>

t>1.2s



-No resynchronization

Anti-islanding logic

PMU-installation for island detection

Anti-islanding protection necessary

GPS Signal

Phase

comparison


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Continuous Analysis of Protection Systems and

Protection system audits with SIGUARDPSA



Changes of Settings


DGs

Summary

Contents



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Underfrequency Loadshedding without and with DGs

Operational Handbookentso-e

P5Policy 5: Emergency Operations

Source: AppendixPolicy 5: Emergency Operations

Load rejection at 49,0Hz, better at 49,2Hz

tAUS (inkl. CB op.-time)


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Underfrequency Loadshedding without and with DGs

Actual Installations and Common Practice

f

Rainer Krebs

Documents

Transcript of Rainer Krebs