Railway Safety Plan and Its Railway Safety Plan and Its Status in KoreaStatus in Korea

Sanglog Kwak*, Jonbae Wang, Yunok Cho, Hyukjin YoonSanglog Kwak*, Jonbae Wang, Yunok Cho, Hyukjin Yoon

Korea Railroad Research InstituteKorea Railroad Research Institute

National Railway Safety R&D Program OfficeNational Railway Safety R&D Program Office

IRSC 2007, Goa, India

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About KRRI :About KRRI :Korea Railroad Research InstituteKorea Railroad Research Institute

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About KRRI :About KRRI :Korea Railroad Research InstituteKorea Railroad Research Institute

Founded in 1996, financed by Korean governmentFounded in 1996, financed by Korean government 246 individuals works for railway R&D division and national project 246 individuals works for railway R&D division and national project

divisiondivision Key research area Key research area

Rolling stock, track & civil engineering, signaling & electrical Rolling stock, track & civil engineering, signaling & electrical engineering, railway policy & operationengineering, railway policy & operation

National projectsNational projects High speed train development , upgrading conventional railway, design High speed train development , upgrading conventional railway, design

urban rail transit system, transportation technology, Trans-Korean urban rail transit system, transportation technology, Trans-Korean railway construction railway construction

National safety R&D program from 2004National safety R&D program from 2004 Homepage : Homepage : www.krri.re.krwww.krri.re.kr

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Background : Background : General information in KoreaGeneral information in Korea

3.7 billion passenger moved 65.4 billion passenger-km 3.7 billion passenger moved 65.4 billion passenger-km

Railway take more than 25% of passenger-kmRailway take more than 25% of passenger-km

Passenger-km increase 2% every yearPassenger-km increase 2% every year

10 TOC operate 99 lines(4,000km)10 TOC operate 99 lines(4,000km)

Korail operate 80 lines(3,380km)Korail operate 80 lines(3,380km)

9 Metro TOC operate 16 lines(500km)9 Metro TOC operate 16 lines(500km)

1,050 station, 1,510 level crossing(26 accidents, 3 fatalities)1,050 station, 1,510 level crossing(26 accidents, 3 fatalities)

60% of lines are electrified60% of lines are electrified

280 individuals work on safety management280 individuals work on safety management

460 accidents, 190 fatalities (40% are attempted suicide)460 accidents, 190 fatalities (40% are attempted suicide)

Experience based safety management Experience based safety management Risk based safety management Risk based safety management

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Background : Safety StatusBackground : Safety Status

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Background : Safety StatusBackground : Safety Status

Improving safety from 2004Improving safety from 2004

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Background : Accident CauseBackground : Accident Cause

National rail : 253 accidents, Metro : 207 accidentsNational rail : 253 accidents, Metro : 207 accidents

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Background : Background : Environmental Change in KoreaEnvironmental Change in Korea

Passenger’s concern on safetyPassenger’s concern on safety Structural reform of railway industriesStructural reform of railway industries

Separation of operator and infrastructure managerSeparation of operator and infrastructure manager Change of Health and Safety Act at Work (working hours, shift work)Change of Health and Safety Act at Work (working hours, shift work)

Metro related accident increaseMetro related accident increase Increase number of attempted suicide and slip in the platformIncrease number of attempted suicide and slip in the platform

Aging of populationAging of population KTX (Korea Train eXpress) operation from 2004KTX (Korea Train eXpress) operation from 2004 Preparation of international Railway connectionPreparation of international Railway connection

TSR (Trans Siberian Railway)TSR (Trans Siberian Railway) TKR (connection of the North and South Korean Railway)TKR (connection of the North and South Korean Railway)

Electrification of conventional lineElectrification of conventional line

Increasing railway hazards but no railway safety plan by 2004Increasing railway hazards but no railway safety plan by 2004

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Background : Background : Application of Railway Safety Act Application of Railway Safety Act

Railway Safety Act 2004Railway Safety Act 2004

Daegue subway train fire accident (191 fatalities)Daegue subway train fire accident (191 fatalities)

Safety Planning (from 2006, annual)Safety Planning (from 2006, annual)

National wide railway safety programNational wide railway safety program

Construction of SMS & Safety Case approval (from 2006, biennial)Construction of SMS & Safety Case approval (from 2006, biennial)

Risk Management (from 2008, biennial)Risk Management (from 2008, biennial)

Safety inspection (from 2006 , biennial)Safety inspection (from 2006 , biennial)

Safety technology R&DSafety technology R&D

Accident investigationAccident investigation

Etc.Etc.

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The 1The 1stst Railway Safety Plan Railway Safety Plan

TFT from all railway safety related organizations in 2005TFT from all railway safety related organizations in 2005 Government, TOCs, research institute joinsGovernment, TOCs, research institute joins Determine 77 safety measures, budget, scheduleDetermine 77 safety measures, budget, schedule

Requirements for safe operation of the railway systemRequirements for safe operation of the railway system Environmental change for railway safetyEnvironmental change for railway safety Current problems and limitation on safetyCurrent problems and limitation on safety In relation with other planIn relation with other plan Accident analysis & Risk analysisAccident analysis & Risk analysis

Many iterative work among organizationMany iterative work among organization The 1The 1stst Railway Safety Plan was released in 2006 Railway Safety Plan was released in 2006 Establish annual safety plan from 2006Establish annual safety plan from 2006 Progress management from 2006Progress management from 2006

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Safety Plan in KoreaSafety Plan in Korea

The 6The 6thth Transportation Safety Plan Transportation Safety Plan Transportation Safety Act(1979)Transportation Safety Act(1979) Including all transportation modes Including all transportation modes Road Traffic safety is major concern Road Traffic safety is major concern Government and TOCs establish planGovernment and TOCs establish plan Passenger & public safetyPassenger & public safety

The 1The 1stst Railway Safety Plan(2005) Railway Safety Plan(2005) Railway Safety Act (2004)Railway Safety Act (2004) All the railway safety related organization have to prepareAll the railway safety related organization have to prepare Need for approval of governmentNeed for approval of government SMS, safety measure, schedule, results, budgetSMS, safety measure, schedule, results, budget National safety target and safety indexNational safety target and safety index Risk management includedRisk management included Passenger, public, and staff safetyPassenger, public, and staff safety Covers all railway related accidentsCovers all railway related accidents

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Safety management Safety management organizationsorganizations National organizationNational organization

Government (MOCT): safety budget, safety policy, safety target, safety Government (MOCT): safety budget, safety policy, safety target, safety case policy, safety plan, safety standardcase policy, safety plan, safety standard

ARAIB : accident investigation, Part of MOCTARAIB : accident investigation, Part of MOCT KOTSA : Competency & safety information management, safety case aKOTSA : Competency & safety information management, safety case a

pproval & safety inspectionpproval & safety inspection KRRI : establishment of safety rules & standards (draft), guidelines, mKRRI : establishment of safety rules & standards (draft), guidelines, m

anuals, risk assessment, safety technology research, support expert to Manuals, risk assessment, safety technology research, support expert to MOCT & ARAIB, KOTSAOCT & ARAIB, KOTSA

Korea Rail Network Authority : infrastructure structure managerKorea Rail Network Authority : infrastructure structure manager

Private organizationPrivate organization Korail : operate passenger & freight train, traffic control, track & statioKorail : operate passenger & freight train, traffic control, track & statio

n maintenance. (Korea National Rail from 2004) n maintenance. (Korea National Rail from 2004) Metro operating company : 7 metro funded by regional governmentsMetro operating company : 7 metro funded by regional governments Private TOCsPrivate TOCs

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Safety Measures & Budget Safety Measures & Budget in 2007in 2007 The 1The 1stst Railway Safety Plan (2006-2010) Railway Safety Plan (2006-2010)

Safety measure in 6 field, 77 projects (6 billion USD )Safety measure in 6 field, 77 projects (6 billion USD ) Reducing 40% of accidents and fatalitiesReducing 40% of accidents and fatalities

Safety Plan in 2006Safety Plan in 2006 Staff management 13 projects, 31mil. USDStaff management 13 projects, 31mil. USD Upgrading safety infrastructure : 13 projects. 392 mil. USDUpgrading safety infrastructure : 13 projects. 392 mil. USD Rolling stock safety management 16 projects, 558 mil. USDRolling stock safety management 16 projects, 558 mil. USD Establishment of SMS : 11 projects, 1 mil. USDEstablishment of SMS : 11 projects, 1 mil. USD Accident investigation and emergency response system : 14 Accident investigation and emergency response system : 14

projects, 7 mil. USDprojects, 7 mil. USD R&D on Safety technology : 10 projects, 16mil. USDR&D on Safety technology : 10 projects, 16mil. USD

Important measures are listed in the paperImportant measures are listed in the paper

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Safety Measures : Safety Measures : Staff managementStaff management Train driver license regulation from 2006Train driver license regulation from 2006

Management on competency, aptitude test, physical examination, experience on Management on competency, aptitude test, physical examination, experience on route, educationroute, education

Daily examination of driver before on boardDaily examination of driver before on board Sleeping time, alcohol / drug testSleeping time, alcohol / drug test Testing tools and question sheetTesting tools and question sheet

Monitoring of high risk staffMonitoring of high risk staff Accident related personal, novice driver, etc.Accident related personal, novice driver, etc. Change of person’s habit or misunderstanding on workChange of person’s habit or misunderstanding on work

Training program for safety critical workTraining program for safety critical work Operation and development of training program Operation and development of training program Evaluation of training program, incentive on staff for safety activityEvaluation of training program, incentive on staff for safety activity

Preparation of track work guidelinePreparation of track work guideline Working and planning processWorking and planning process Train warning system, installation of safe area on working placeTrain warning system, installation of safe area on working place

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Safety Measures : Safety Measures : Infrastructure safetyInfrastructure safety High risk 466 level crossingHigh risk 466 level crossing

Change into over bridgeChange into over bridge Install obstruction detectorInstall obstruction detector

Platform Platform Screen Door installationScreen Door installation Safety fence & CCTVSafety fence & CCTV Emergency train stop button in platform & communication SystemEmergency train stop button in platform & communication System

Fire SafetyFire Safety Emergency evacuation tunnelEmergency evacuation tunnel Toxic gas ventilation systemToxic gas ventilation system Warning system, smoke detector, emergency lightWarning system, smoke detector, emergency light Etc.Etc.

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Safety Measure : Safety Measure : Rolling stock safetyRolling stock safety

Application of safety standard for collison, derailment, and fireApplication of safety standard for collison, derailment, and fire

Interior material change : Non-toxic gas release in case of fire Interior material change : Non-toxic gas release in case of fire

Risk assessment for design approvalRisk assessment for design approval

Discharging old rolling stock(> 25years) Discharging old rolling stock(> 25years)

Installation & Upgrade : signaling, comm. SystemInstallation & Upgrade : signaling, comm. System

Upgrading rolling maintenance equipmentsUpgrading rolling maintenance equipments

Etc.Etc.

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Safety Measure : Safety Measure : Safety Management SystemSafety Management System

Regulation for Safety Case (2006), Risk Assessment (2008)Regulation for Safety Case (2006), Risk Assessment (2008)

Regulation for Trespass, level crossing managementRegulation for Trespass, level crossing management

Regulation for R/S design approval and verificationRegulation for R/S design approval and verification

SMS for dangerous freight transportationSMS for dangerous freight transportation

SMS will be developed in relation with R&D resultsSMS will be developed in relation with R&D results

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Safety Measure : Safety Measure : Accident Investigation & Accident Investigation & crisis management crisis management Establishment of ARAIBEstablishment of ARAIB

Expertise in investigationExpertise in investigation

Cooperation system with other organizationsCooperation system with other organizations

Design & construction of accident and safety information Design & construction of accident and safety information

systemsystem

Publishing railway safety white paperPublishing railway safety white paper

Construction of preliminary traffic control center for emergency Construction of preliminary traffic control center for emergency

responseresponse

Establishment of security and terror response systemEstablishment of security and terror response system

Advertisement on emergency responseAdvertisement on emergency response

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Safety Measure : Safety Safety Measure : Safety technology R&Dtechnology R&D

System engineering for the interface control of research topicsSystem engineering for the interface control of research topics

System safety application( including risk assessment)System safety application( including risk assessment)

R&D on human factors, training system using simulatorR&D on human factors, training system using simulator

Testing and evaluation technique for major accident (including Testing and evaluation technique for major accident (including

testing infrastructure installation)testing infrastructure installation)

Design and construction of an safety information management Design and construction of an safety information management

systemsystem

Development of emergency action guideline for designed accident Development of emergency action guideline for designed accident

scenariosscenarios

Development of intelligent level crossing and the improvement of Development of intelligent level crossing and the improvement of

safety performancesafety performance

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Transition to Risk Based Transition to Risk Based Safety ManagementSafety Management

Current national R&D program for railway safetyCurrent national R&D program for railway safety

System safety & system engineeringSystem safety & system engineering

Establishment of safety management systemEstablishment of safety management system

Development of assessing & preventing techniques for major Development of assessing & preventing techniques for major

accidentsaccidents

13 programs are based on risk assessment13 programs are based on risk assessment

Results will be reflected in the next safety plan, regulations and Results will be reflected in the next safety plan, regulations and

rulesrules

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Conclusions and future planConclusions and future plan

Railway safety plan and its status are presentedRailway safety plan and its status are presented

11stst Railway safety plan became the basis of safety activities Railway safety plan became the basis of safety activities

Safety measures and current status in 6 fields are introducedSafety measures and current status in 6 fields are introduced

20% of accidents reduced, 4% of passenger increase during 20% of accidents reduced, 4% of passenger increase during

2years2years

Problems will be reflect in the next planProblems will be reflect in the next plan

Resistance on new regulation and standardsResistance on new regulation and standards

Lack of expertise on small TOC’s safety management Lack of expertise on small TOC’s safety management

organization.organization.

Consistency among regulation, plans, and standardConsistency among regulation, plans, and standard

Different schedule between activity and safety budgetDifferent schedule between activity and safety budget

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Thank youThank you

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National R&D on railway National R&D on railway safetysafety

1. System engineering and project management1. System engineering and project management 2. Hazard analysis and risk assessment for safety management2. Hazard analysis and risk assessment for safety management 3. Establishment of a management system for the human error and the assessment of aptitude3. Establishment of a management system for the human error and the assessment of aptitude 4. Establishment of a training system using simulators for the human error management4. Establishment of a training system using simulators for the human error management 5. Establishment of safety standards and management system for infrastructure5. Establishment of safety standards and management system for infrastructure 6. Establishment of safety standards and management system for rolling stocks6. Establishment of safety standards and management system for rolling stocks 7. Establishment of safety standards and management system for safety critical S/W7. Establishment of safety standards and management system for safety critical S/W 8. Establishment of safety standards and management system for dangerous freight operation8. Establishment of safety standards and management system for dangerous freight operation 9. Development of emergency action guidelines for designed accident scenarios9. Development of emergency action guidelines for designed accident scenarios 10.Design and construction of an safety management information system10.Design and construction of an safety management information system 11. Development of test and evaluation techniques for the fire resistance of rolling stocks and 11. Development of test and evaluation techniques for the fire resistance of rolling stocks and

infrastructuresinfrastructures 12. Development of test and evaluation techniques for collision and the improvement of safety 12. Development of test and evaluation techniques for collision and the improvement of safety

performancesperformances 13. Development of test and evaluation techniques for derailment and the improvement of safety 13. Development of test and evaluation techniques for derailment and the improvement of safety

performancesperformances 14. Development of test and evaluation techniques for train control system and the improvement of safety 14. Development of test and evaluation techniques for train control system and the improvement of safety

performancesperformances 15. Development of intelligent level crossing and the improvement of safety performances15. Development of intelligent level crossing and the improvement of safety performances