RAILROADED: THE LIMITS OF NATIONAL EXPANSION Week Two.
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Transcript of RAILROADED: THE LIMITS OF NATIONAL EXPANSION Week Two.
RAILROADED: THE LIMITS OF NATIONAL EXPANSION
Week Two
I. The Golden Spike
Union Pacific (1939)
II. Conquest of the West
A. Turner and the Frontier Thesis Historian at the University of
Wisconsin Speech at the 1893 Chicago
Columbian Exposition prompted by the U.S. Census Bureau, which declared that “the frontier has closed”
Frederick Jackson Turner
Dances with Wolves
II. Conquest of the West
The frontier is the source of American exceptionalism. It creates freedom by "breaking the bonds of custom, offering new experiences, [and] calling out new institutions and activities.”
What is the West? How does the West shape the nation?
Turner, The Frontier in American History (1920)Table of Contents
I. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE FRONTIER IN AMERICAN HISTORY
II. THE FIRST OFFICIAL FRONTIER OF THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY
III. THE OLD WEST
IV. THE MIDDLE WEST
V. THE OHIO VALLEY IN AMERICAN HISTORY
VI. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY IN AMERICAN HISTORY
II. Conquest of the West
B. Cultural Appeal of the West1. Taming Nature Albert Bierstadt and the
Rocky Mountain School: grandiose scenes of the West
National Parks: Yosemite Act (1864)
Railroads: Pacific Railway Act (1862)
Albert Bierstadt, “Yosemite Valley” (1868)
II. The Cultural Appeal of the West
2. Clashing Civilizations “merciless savages” “noble savages” Civilization: Attempt by
white Americans to civilize the dark, uncivilizedtribes of the west
Indian Wars: Battle at Little Bighorn (1876)
“The Death of General Wolfe” (1770)
“Pigeon’s Egg Head (The Light) going toand returning from Washington” (1839)
“The Death of General Wolfe” (1770)
John Gast, “American Progress” or “Manifest Destiny” (1872)
II. The Cultural Appeal of the West
C. Rugged Individualism
Concern over the urbanization and softness of Americans
Symbolized by the cowboy
Promoted through dime novels, railroad executives, dude ranches for eastern tourists, and theater
City Slickers (1991)
II. The Cultural Appeal of the West
Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show Established by William Cody, founder of the Pony
Express Brings the West to the East—even Europe Annie Oakley, western celebrities, and Sioux perform
mock battles and stagecoach robberies
Wild West Show
Annie Oakley (1894)
II. The Cultural Appeal of the West
D. Pioneering utopias
1. The Farm Homestead Act (1862) Jeffersonian vision
renewed: bonds of family, community, and order
New advances in agricultural science
2. Mormonism Persecution in New York,
Ohio, and Missouri force a migration to the Great Basin
II. Realities of the West
Limerick’s revision of the “frontier thesis”
A. Community, not individualism Coordinated efforts of immigrant communities Role of industry and government
B. Hardship, not adventure Constant movement Hard work as routine chores dominate daily life
C. Exploitation, not equality Chinese, Native Americans, cowboys,
farmers, the land
III. The South and Reunion
A. Destitution Death, social disruptions, economic
disruptions Cobb, “An Unreconstructed Southerner”
(1868)
Richmond, 1865
III. The South and Reunion
B. Reconstructing a New South
Promise of Reconstruction: redistribution, Freedmen’s Bureau, Civil Rights Bill of 1866
Failure of Reconstruction: persistence of racial prejudice, Depression of 1873, sharecropping
III. The South and Reunion
C. Reunion 1877 Constructing a New
South: carpetbaggers and redeemers
Jim Crow: from relative integration to segregation; lynchings; laws
Postcard of the lynching of Lige Daniels, Center, Texas, USA, August 3, 1920.
The back reads, "He killed Earl's grandma. She was Florence's mother. Give this to Bud. From Aunt Myrtle."
Lynching in Marion, Indiana, 1930
Epilogue
MLK Day I-80 Golden Spike Capitalistic greed,
overspeculation, and regulation