Radiographs

Lack of root fusionLack of root penetration

Concave rootExcessive root penetration

Burn throughMisalignmentM.S.Rogers

Cap undercutRoot undercut

Root crackTransverse crackM.S.Rogers

Star crackCentre line crack

Elongated slag linesInterpass slag inclusions

Slag inclusionLack of side wall fusion with slag

Lack of side wall fusionLack of interpass fusion

Root pass aligned porosityCluster porosity

Single gas porePorosity open to the surface

Incomplete filled grooveTungsten inclusions

Poor root profileExcess cap reinforcement

Grinding marksSpatter