Radioactivity and the Four Forces Chapter 9, Section 1, Page 258 – 262 Monroe 12/01/08.
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Transcript of Radioactivity and the Four Forces Chapter 9, Section 1, Page 258 – 262 Monroe 12/01/08.
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Radioactivity and the Four Forces
Chapter 9, Section 1, Page 258 – 262
Monroe
12/01/08
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Chapter 9, Section 1, Page 258 – 262
An atom is made up of three things.
1 A protoni. The number of protons is the ATOMIC
NUMBERii. Protons are made up of quarksiii. Protons have a positive one charge
(+1), exactly
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A Neutroni. The number of neutrons is determined
by subtracting the atomic number (see above) from the atomic mass
(higher number), which follows the “-“ symbol of atoms
ii. Neutrons are also made up of quarksiii. Neutrons have a charge of exactly “0”.
They are neutraliv. The number of neutrons, plus the
number of protons, equals the atomic mass number.
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An Electroni. An almost massless particleii. Charge of exactly negative one (-1)
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The Nucleus of an atom has a huge collection of positive particles in it. Why does it not blow itself apart (since similar charges repel, and all the protons have the same charge)?
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The answer is the STRONG NUCLEAR
FORCE.
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Four Forces of Nature
Gravity ~ weakest of all. Almost nothing is known about it. It is probably carried by a particle called a graviton.
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Weak Nuclear force ~ keeps atoms from changing elements.
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Electromagnetic ~ combination of electricity and magnetism. It is carried by the interaction of the electrical/magnetic fields.
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Strong Nuclear ~ holds the atom together. This is the strongest of all of the forces, and is the one broken with nuclear reactions.
http://aether.lbl.gov/www/tour/elements/stellar/strong/strong.html
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Alpha radiation failure of the strong nuclear force transmutation of the original element mother and daughter elements the radiation is a helium nucleus
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At this point, the probable, singular, strong nuclear force attraction of a single proton or neutron is overwhelmed by the collective force of the weaker, but multiplicative, force of the electromagnetic.
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Beta radiation,Failure of the weak nuclear force.
Neutrons become protons, so electrons must be “made” so that law of conservation of charge is maintained.
Beta radiation is electrons.
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Gamma radiation is very, very energetic electromagnetic waves (light and photons).
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Because we cannot shield astro”people”, gamma radiation is the reason that Mars is out of picture.
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Kinda how a geiger counter works
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Demonstration of a “mousetrap” nuclear demonstration
http://www.energyforeducators.org/snavigation/nuclear.shtml
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