Radioactive Waste - Nucleus on... · 2019-11-18 · Marine pollution monitoring. NAEC Future...

NAECRadioactive Waste Management: Nigeria’s

PerspectiveMohammed Bashir Abubakar

Finance and Planning Directorate

Nigeria Atomic Energy Commission

Abuja FCT

Nigeria

NAECOutline

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1

2

4

5

Nigeria as a Country

National Legislation

Regulatory requirement

3 Policies and Practices

6 Achievements and Challenges

7 Conclusion

Cost consideration

NAEC

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IndustrialGrowth:

10%

Projected Demand: 28,360 –

31,240 MWe

Current Supply situation:

3000 – 5000 MWe

of ≈ 11,000 MWe

can be harnessed

Population Growth:

Over 200 million people @ 2.3%

growth rate

Landmass:923,768 km2

New energy option: SolarWind

Nuclear

NAEC

Nuclear Technology Applications in Nigeria

Agriculture

Medicine

Research

Industry

Electricity production

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Agriculture

Storage

Pests management

Animal productivity

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Medicine

MRI

Radiotherapy

Radioisotope production –Technetium 99

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Research

Analysis of samples

Irradiation of samples

Radioactive Dating

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Industry

Well-logging

Non-destructive testing

Seawater desalination

Marine pollution monitoring

NAECFuture applications

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Electricity production from nuclear energy

Workers

NAECNational Legislations for RWM

Nigerian Atomic Energy Commission (Establishment) Act 46 of 1976

Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection Act 19 of 1995 establishing the Nigerian Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NNRA)

Nigerian Radioactive Waste Management Regulations 2006

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NAECNational Legislations for RWM Cont’d

Nigerian Safety Regulations for the Management of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) Regulations 2008

Nigerian Transportation of Radioactive Sources Regulations 2006

Nigeria Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) Act 2007

Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR) Act (As amended)

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NAECNigeria Atomic Energy Commission

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❖ Created by Act 46 of 1976 (as amended by Cap N91

LFN, 2004).

❖ Designated as the Nuclear Energy Programme

Implementing Organization (NEPIO) responsible for

the strategic planning and implementation of the

National Nuclear Power Programme (NNPP).

❖ Focal Agency charged with the promotion and

development of atomic energy.

NAEC


LFN, 2004).








LFN, 2004).







NAECNAEC Cont’d

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Construct & maintain nuclear installations for electricity generation

Produce, use & dispose of atomic energy

Research on nuclear technology for peaceful purposes

Prospect for and mine radioactive minerals

Train personnel on matters relating to nuclear energy

Advise the Federal Government on atomic energy matters

FUNCTIONS Arrange with universities & institutions/persons for research purposes

NAEC

NAEC Centers

CERT, Zaria

CNERT, Maiduguri

NTC, Abuja

CERD, Ife

CNEST, Owerri

CNES, PHFMPCMS,

Koluoma

Fully Operational

Partially Operational

NIRPR, Ibadan

CENTRE FOR ENERGY RESEARCH AND TRAINING CERT, Zaria (1978)

CENTRE FOR ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CERD, Ile-Ife (1978)

NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY CENTRE NTC, Sheda (1995)

CENTRE FOR NUCELAR ENERGY RESEARCH & TRAINING CNERT, Maiduguri (2011)

CENTRE FOR NUCLEAR ENERGY STUDIES CNES Port Harcourt (2011)

CENTRE FOR NUCLEAR ENERGY STUDIES AND TRAININ Owerri (2011)

FGN-IAEA MARINE COMTAMINATION COASTAL FIELD MONITORING STATION FMPCMS, Koluoma (2011)

NIRPR, Ibadan (2006)NNRA Centre

NAEC Centers

Human Capacity Development

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Progress Recorded in Nuclear Power Development Cont’d

PHASE 1

1. Involvement of relevant stakeholders

2. TC Review of previous siting report3. Develop siting criteria (IAEA Guide

NS-R-3)4. Site visitation5. IAEA Mission (2007)

PHASE 2

1. Formation of Site Evaluation Project Team (SEPT)

2. TC Review of previous siting report3. Investigation of candidate sites4. IAEA Site safety mission

PHASE 3

1. Review of SEPT report2. Detailed ranking of sites3. IAEA SEED mission4. Final report and

recommendation

Completed

Completed Partially Completed

CURRENT STATUS: TWO CANDIDATE SITES PASSED SITE SELECTION PROCESSES

Site Selection Activities (3 Phases)

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Nigerian Nuclear Regulatory Authority(NNRA)

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LFN, 2004).








LFN, 2004).







❖ Created by Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection Act 19

of 1995.

❖ Designated To regulate radiological protection and nuclear

safety so as to ensure the protection of life, health, property

and the environment from the harmful effects of ionizing

radiation, safety and security of radioactive sources and

nuclear materials and, to enable Nigeria meet its

international obligations on the peaceful uses of nuclear

technology

❖ Focal Agency charged with the responsibilities for nuclear

safety and radiological protection regulation in Nigeria.

NAECNNRA Cont’d

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Issuance of regulations and guidance documents

Monitoring and enforcing compliance with the established legislative and

statutory framework for safety and environment,

Reviewing, approving or rejecting applications and issuing,

amending, modifying, suspending, canceling or otherwise acting

upon plans, licenses or other authorizations for radioactive waste

management activities or recommending such actions to

government, where appropriate

Establish and ensure implementation of protection strategies where

remedial and protective actions are required to mitigate existing

exposure situations that have been determine to pose radiation

protection concerns.

FUNCTIONS

NAEC

POLICIES AND PRACTICE

The radioactive waste management policies in Nigeria are prescribedin the Act 19 of 1995 and in the National Radioactive WasteManagement Policy and Strategy. The framework for the policystipulates that Nigeria will comply with the basic principles developedby the IAEA for safe management of radioactive materials.

• Radioactive waste management in Nigeria shall be done inaccordance with the following policy principles to mention a few:

I. The generator shall be responsible for the management of thewaste generated.

II. Users should have a written agreement with manufacturers totake back the sources when they are spent.

III. The financial burden for waste generated will be borne by thegenerator

NAECREGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

Repatriation of spent fuel to the suppliers’ countries

Repatriation of disused sealed radioactive sources to the suppliers’ countries

Waste ownership:-

I. All radioactive waste produced and stored at the premises of the generator shall be solely owned by the waste generators.

II. Waste ownership shall only be transferred to the WMO when the waste generator have satisfied the waste acceptance criteria of the WMO

III. All orphan waste recovered shall be owned by Government or its appointed agency

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COST CONSIDERTION

Storage Facility Characteristics

Characteristics of the spent fuel are major important and affect all the options, particularly the design of the storage facility and its subsequent operation.

Characteristics to consider:

I. Fuel type (geometry, weight, and enrichment): Fuel type determine the design, handling, equipment and dimensions of facility i.e. depth of fuel storage pool.

II. Burn up (minimum to maximum range): burn up and cooling time determine the decay heat to be removed and safety measures, including critically control that must be considered.

III. Cooling time (decay heat)

IV. Radionuclide inventory

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COST CONSIDERTION

COST CATEGORIES FOR SPENT FUEL MANAGEMENT FACILITY

I. Capital cost: they are capital cost related to facility construction, equipment, land acquisition, design and engineering.

II. Operational and management cost: thee are overhead expense resulted from the utilization of the facility i.e. administration, personnel cost, services (water, electricity)

III. Decontamination and decommissioning: cost at the end of the useful life of the facility. The fuel storage facility is decontaminated and dismantle and the site restore to its original condition.

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CHALLENGES

Government policies

Public acceptance

Funding

Security

Technical Expertise

Infrastructure Deficit

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Achievements so far …

MILESTONE 1 in 2009

IAEA INIR mission held in 2015 to review MILESTONE 2 status

IWP developed with the assistance of the IAEA in order to implement the IAEA’s recommendations for the attainment of MILESTONE 2

Milestone Achievement

Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review Mission (INIR)

Integrated Work Plan (IWP)

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Conversion of HEU to LEU Research Reactor

Progress Recorded in Nuclear Power Development Cont’d

December 2018

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• 50 graduates in Nuclear Science (NS) and Nuclear Engineering (NE)

• 61 Nigerians (36 Masters & 25 PhDs) who are currently undergoing graduate programmes outside the country (through AFRA Fellowship, IAEA Fellowships and bilateral relations)

• Current staff strength52 Phd109 MSc296 BSc/HND

• Training manual which includes training for safety assessment has been developed by the NNRA

• Adequate training and re-training of regulatory personnel is ongoing (on-shore & off-shore)

• The NNRA has developed a draft IMS which has been sent to all relevantstakeholders

• Central Nuclear Technology Training Facility (CNTTF) is being established at the Nuclear Technology Centre (NTC) in preparation for Phase 3

• Plans for the enhancement of licensing capacity is reflected in the MoU'sbetween NNRA & NRC, NNRA & PNRA, while an MoU between NNRA & Russia Regulatory Authority (Rostechnadzor) is in progress.

Human Capacity Development Cont’d (Results so far)

NAEC

Thank You

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Radioactive Waste - Nucleus on... · 2019-11-18 · Marine pollution monitoring. NAEC Future...

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