Radio & Culture

What is Radio??

“A Radio is a Medium for Communication . It transmits messages via radio waves; It is a communication system based on broadcasting electromagnetic waves”

A Brief History of The Radio……

The radio was invented by Gugliemo Marconi(1874-1937)He thought of an idea of wireless communication. He worked very hard. Finally by the spring of 1895 he was ready to test his invention. By the summer his signals were reaching hundreds of yards. In a short time he was receiving signals from two miles away. In early 1896 Marconi revealed his wireless system to the world. He started building larger transmitters to travel farther distances and he built radio stations on the coast of England to warn ships of dangerous waters.

His stations saved many lives and he felt proud of that. Marconi made new system where people could tune it to other frequencies or stations. This reduced the chance of interfering signals. Marconi was becoming a very famous man with his new and improved systems. In 1899 he sent a message across the English Channel, a total distance of 32 miles. He still wanted to reach farther. His goal was to send wireless signals all the way across the Atlantic Ocean. One afternoon in December Marconi triumphed. That achievement would open an era for awesome advances in radio.

Radio Over the

years…The Radio was our first mass medium. From that, the radio changed the world!

1920s

In 1923 radio; broadcasting began. A big importance in Australia They had battery powered radio In November 1923 , the first station, aired. The station 3AR started to transmit music, news, and race results. Also that year, Edwin Armstrong, invented the first portable radio The first radios were sets, which only had one station because the owner picked. In 1924 they were able to receive more stations. At that time, 3 million radio sets were in use in the United States. Also Baseball games were also being broadcasted at that time.

1930s

In 1931,RCA ( a radio company today) , made one of the most famous receivers at that time. Also the first midget radio sets were sold Then in 1933, the phonograph( the record player), was invented and bands were making records ; but they didn’t want the radio companies to play their songs because they thought that that people wouldn’t buy their records. In 1934,Edwin Armstrong developed his theory for the use of FM. Also in that year,

1940s

13 million sets were sold in this year and 130 million tubes Then the Japanese bombed Pearl

Harbor and so they used Radios to tell the nation what was going on in the War. Then in 1942, the

stopped manufacturing radios because of the war. 1944, over 30 million homes in the US., had 57

million radio sets

1950s & 960s

In 1951, 5 million auto radio sets were sold and produced, and over 13 million radio receivers. The TV started affecting the radios popularity. In 1951 Sony produced and put the miniature transistor radio in the market.In 1960, people were buying AM/FM and FM more than ever right then and between 1960 and 1965 , the percentage of growth was 750%.. In 1963, they started the Emergency Broadcasting System. In 1964, table and clock radios were made with over 3 million per year, which held through 1965.

1970s & 980s

In 1977 there are 205 million F/M receivers were in use in U.S. and 95% of the people had a home F/M receiver. In

1979 there were 4,549 A/M and 4,102 F/M stations on the air. In 1985, Sony built a radio the size of a credit card.

Radio now…

In 1992 there was a total of 11,312 radio stations on the air. In 1994 they started Rock music , Oldies , Spanish/Ethnic and Adult standards. In 1995 the average U.S. home has about 5.6 radio receivers and there also an estimate of 584,900,000 radio receivers.

Radio on the Internet..

Radio on on the Cell Phone

Radio in your watch

Radio in your car…

Radio Clocks….

Radio Broadcasting and the

Various types of Radios…

The best known type of radio station are the ones that broadcast via radio waves. These include foremost AM and FM stations. There are several namely:-COMMERCIAL,PUBLIC and Public and Non Profit as well as Student Run Campus Radio and Hospital Radios

AM:AM stations were the earliest broadcasting stations to be developed. AM refers to AMPLITUDE MODULATION, a mode of broadcasting radio waves by varying the amplitude of the carrier signal in response to the amplitude of the signal to be transmitted.

FM:FM refers to FREQUENCY MODULATION, and occurs on VHF airwaves in the frequency range of 88 to 108 MHz everywhere (except Japan and Russia). Japan uses the 76 to 90 MHz band. FM stations are much more popular in economically developed regions, such as Europe and the United States, especially since higher sound fidelity and stereo broadcasting became common in this format.

Amateur radio: Independent "ham" radio operators, largely hobbyists, licensed by respective national bodies and assigned callsigns.

Citizens band radio: is usually unlicensed broadcasting over frequencies set aside for that purpose.

Digital Radio: broadcasting has emerged, first in Europe (the UK in 1995 and Germany in 1999), and later in the United States, France, the Netherlands, South Africa and many other countries worldwide. The most simple system is named DAB Digital Radio, for Digital Audio Broadcasting, and uses the public domain EUREKA 147 (Band III) system. DAB is used mainly in the UK and South Africa. Germany and Holland use the DAB and DAB+ systems, and France use the L-Band system of DAB Digital Radio.

Radio commercial

What is a Radio commercial?

A radio commercial (in the USA also called a spot by people in the business) is a form of advertising via the medium of radio. Airtime is purchased from a station or network in exchange for airing the commercials.

The first radio commercial is credited to WEAF, New York on August 28, 1922 for the Queensbury real estate corporation. The ten-minute live commercial was voiced by H.M. Blackwell, a representative of Queensbury.

Radio Advertising Radio advertising can be an excellent means to get your

marketing message out to the public. Daily millions of people are listening to the radio and there are many different radio stations to suit different target markets.

Advantages of Radio Advertising:

Radio Advertising Reaches Millions

Radio Advertising is Cheaper than Television Advertising

Radio Advertising Allows You to Target Your Market

Disadvantages of Radio Advertising: You can't review a radio commercial. Once it plays, it's gone. If you didn't catch all the

message, you can't go back and hear it again.

Since there are a lot of radio stations, the total listening audience for any one station is just a piece of a much larger whole. That's why it's important to know what stations your customers and prospects probably listen to. Therefore, most of the time, you'll have to buy time on several radio stations to reach the market you are after.

People don't listen to the radio all the time...only during certain times of day. So, it's important to know when your customers or prospects are listening. For example, if you want to reach a large portion of your audience by advertising during the morning farm report, you'll have to specify that time period to the radio station when you buy the time.

One of the most popular times to reach people is during Drive Times (from 6 a.m. to 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. to 7 p.m.) It's called that because most people are going to or from work during this period and because most people listen to their radio when they drive. Unfortunately, radio stations know that this is a favourite time to advertise, so commercial costs are much higher during this time.

As a broadcasting medium, radio can effectively sell an image...or one or two ideas at the most. It is not, however, a detailed medium...and is a poor place for prices and telephone numbers.

Radio listeners increase in the spring and summer, contrary to television audiences which increase in the fall and winter and decrease in the summer. This is an important aspect to consider when you are choosing advertising media.

Campus radio

(also known as college radio, university radio or student radio) is a type of radio station that is run by the students of a college, university or other educational institution. Programming may be exclusively by students, or may include programmers from the wider community in which the station is based. Sometimes campus stations are operated for the purpose of training professional radio personnel, sometimes with the aim of broadcasting educational programming, while other stations exist to provide an alternative to commercial or government broadcasters.

Many campus radio stations carry a variety of programming including news (often local), sports (often relating to the campus), and spoken word programming as well as general music. Often the format is best described as a freeform radio format, with a lot of creativity and individualism among the disc jockeys and show hosts. A number of these stations have gained critical acclaim for their programming and are considered by the community in which they are embedded to be an essential media outlet. On February 2, 2004, Anna University in Chennai unveiled the country's first campus radio station, Anna FM. The year 2005 saw the college launching up a community radio with a frequency of 107.8 MHz thus creating a history of being the second college in the country to have been granted License by Government of India.

The MOP CRS 107.8 MHz broadcasts programs on*Health & Nutrition*Entrepreneurship skills*Educate on topics such as financial literacy, consumer awareness, citizenship rights, traffic education

Pune Universityis the first University in the State of Maharashtra to have an FM station. The University of Pune's FM Radio inaugurated on May 1, 2005, has been named as Vidyavani. It covers a wide range of subjects, focusing specifically on the requirements of students of various departments and affiliated Colleges. It reaches an area around the campus within eight-km radius.