Radiation Sydney 1981090

8/6/2019 Radiation Sydney 1981090

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ISSN0157-5104

S O LA R R A D IA T I ON O N I N C L I N E D A N DS U N T R A C K I N G S U R FA C E S I N S Y D N E Y

b yG .L . M O R R I S O NC.M. S A P S F O R D

A . L I T V A K

R e p o r t N o : 1981/FMT/10

A C K N O W L E D G E M E N TS i n c e 1979 f i n a n c i a l s u p p o r t f o r t h i s p r oj e ct h a s b e e n p r o v i d e db y t h e N a t i o n a l E n e r gy R e s e a r ch D e v e l o p m e n t a n d D e m o n s t r a t i o nC o u n c i l ( N E R D D C J , G r a n t No : 78/2645


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C O N T E N T S

1 . I N T R O D U C T I O N . 12. L O C A T I O N OF M E A S U R I N G SITE. 13. I N S T R U M E N T A T I O N . 24. A V A I L A B L E D AT A 25 . S O L A R R A D I A T I O N R E F E R E N C E S C A L E . 36. R A D I A T I O N ON I N C L I N E D S U R F AC E S . 6

(i) f i x e d surfaces, o r i e n t e d north,i n c l i n a t i o n s 1 7, 34, 50, 70, 90.( i i ) f i x e d surfaces, o r i e n t e d off north, 6,7

i n c l i n a t i o n s 34 and 90.( i i i ) T o t a l a n d b e a m r a d i a t i o n o n a s u n t r a c k i n g surface. 7(iv) B e a m R a d i a t i o n on a s i n g l e a x i s t r a c ki n g system. 8

7. A C C U R A C Y OF R A D I A T I O N P R E D I C T I O N S ON I N C L I N E D S U R F A C E S . 88 . M O N T H L Y V A R I A T I O N O F R A D I A T I O N P R E D I C T I O N S O N I N C L I N E D

S U R F A C E S , O R I E N T E D N O RT H , A P P E N D I X 1. 99 . M O N T H L Y V A R I A T I O N O F R A D I A T I O N O N I N C L I N E D S U R F A C E S ,

O R I E N T E D O F F N O R T H , A P P E N D I X 2 . 1 310. M O N T H LY V A R I A T I O N OF R A D I A T I O N ON A SUN T R A C K I N G S U R F A C E iy

( B E A M AND TOTAL) A P P E N D I X 3.1 1 . M O N T H L Y V A R I A T I O N O F R A D I A T I O N O N A S I N G L E A X I S T R A C K I N G 2 1

S U R F A C E O R I E N T E D N O RT H / SO U T H, A P P E N D I X 4.


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1. INTRODUCTION

Global radiation on a horizontal surface has beenintegrated hourly at the University of New South Wales since1969. During 1980 the data acquisition was extended to includediffuse radiation on a horizontal surface and global radiationon a surface inclined at 34 , and the period of the integrationwas reduced to ten minutes.

To aid designers of solar energy systems and to facilitatebuilding heat load calculations, the solar radiation on inclinedand sun tracking surfaces has been calculated using a theoreticalmodel of solar radiation distribution developed by Bugler (1).

The model used in these calculations was determined bycorrelating hourly data of global and diffuse radiation measuredat Aspendale in Melbourne (2). Although the accuracy of this modelhas not been established for locations other than Melbourne it hasbeen widely used to predict radiation in Australia.

An initial estimate of the accuracy of this model for usein Sydney is made in this report by comparing predictions with alimited number of measurements of radiation on an inclined surfacemade during 1980-1981 (section 7).

The data presented in this report is an extension of theanalysis published in reference 3.

2. LOCATION OF MEASURIN G SITE

The monitoring apparatus is located at the University ofNew South Wales, Kensington, N.S.W. latitude 33 55' S, longitude151" 14' E at an elevation of 63.7 m .

3. INSTRUMENTATION

The horizontal global irradiation was measured withEppleyjand Kipp and Zonen pyranometers. Since February 1980, thedata (global and diffuse horizontal, and global inclined) has beenmeasured with precision Eppley pyranometers. The instruments were


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calibrated at regular intervals and the maximum drift of instrumentsensitivity between calibrations was 3%. Prior to June 1979, theoutput of the pyranometers was integrated over periods of one houron an ECE Integrator type 533-252-10 set to operate at 10 counts/min/mV.Since June 1979, the output of the pyranometers has been converted toa frequency signal and integrated digitally (4).

The diffuse data was measured under a shade ring 300 mm indiameter and 55 mm wide. Shade ring corrections have not been includedin the diffuse data.

4- A V A I L A B L E DATA

( i ) G l o b a l I r r a d i a t i o n ( H o r i z o n t a l P l a n e )The monthly average daily global irradiation on ahorizontal surface is shown in Table 1 for 1969-1981.

(i i ) G l o b a l I r r a d i a t i o n ( I n c l i n e d P l a n e )The monthly average daily global irradiation on a surfaceinclined at 34 to the horizontal and pointing north isshown in Table 2.

( i i i ) D i f f u s e I r r a d i a t i o n ( H o r i z o n t a l P l a n e )The monthly average daily diffuse irradiation on ahorizontal surface is shown in Table 3. (Shade ringcorrections are not included).

The hourly irradiation data 1972-1981 is available onmagnetic tape or by direct access on the University of N.S.W.computer system.

5- S O L A R R A D I A T I O N R E F E R E N C E SCALEData on solar radiation in Sydney, released prior to this

report, was based on the 1956 International Pyrheliometric Scale(IPS 1956) . Recent advances in instrument technology shows that the useof IPS 1956 scale gives data which is 2.2% low. As a result from


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1st January 1981, the World Meteorological Organisation hasadopted a new standard - the "World Radiometric Reference WRR1981".

The data measured prior to 1981 and presented in thisreport has been increased by 2.2% to correspond with the new scale.

RADIATION ON INCLINED SURFACES(i) R a d i a t i o n o n I n c l i n e d S u r f a c e s O r i e n t e d N o r t h

Radiation on an inclined surface was computed usingBugler's radiation model (ground reflectivity/^ 0.2 (5))and hourly measurements of global radiation over theperiod 1972-1980.The results of the analysis averaged over nine years areshown in Table 4. Details of monthly variation (1972-1980)of radiation on an inclined surface is shown in Appendix 1for surface inclinations 17 , 34, 50, 70and 90.

(i i ) R a d i a t i o n o n I n c l i n e d S ur fa c e s O r i e n t e d O f f N o r t hThe effect of surface alignment towards east or west is shownin Tables 5 and 6 for surface inclinations of 34 and 90.The azimuth angle is 90 (east facing), 0 (north facing)and -90 (west facing).Details of the monthly variation (1972-1980)of this data isgiven in Appendix 2.

(i i i ) R a d i a t i o n o n a S u n T r a c k i n g S u r f a c eTotal and Beam Radiation on a surface held normal to sun'sbeam direction is shown in Table 7.Monthly variation of this data is given in Appendix 3.

( i v ) R a d i a t i o n o n a S i n g l e A x i s T r a c k i n g S ur fa c eTo minimise the cost of tracking systems, a series of parabolictrough collectors with tracking axis oriented North/Southhave been developed recently in Australia (6,7).The beam radiation incident on a single axis tracking surfaceis shown in Table 8 for axis inclinations of 0, 34 and 45 .


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( i v ) c o n t i n u e d(oriented North/South).Monthly variation of this data is shown in Appendix 4.

7 . COMPARISON O F MEASUREMENTS A N D PREDICTIONS O F RADIATION O N INCLINEDSURFACES.

The accuracy of the model used to calculate radiation oninclined surfaces was determined by comparing the month by monthmeasured data on an inclined surface with the predictions for thecorresponding months.

The surroundings in front of the inclined pyranometer aremainly light coloured brick and concrete thus the effectivereflectivity of the surroundings would be between 0.2 to 0.4 (5).

Comparison of measured and predicted radiation on a surface0inclined by 34 is shown in Table 9.

These results indicate that the predicted radiation has anaccuracy of + 2% during October to March but significantly underestimates the radiation (-10% to -13%) during winter.

This difference could be due to comparison of particularmonths with the long term average correlation used in the mathematicalmodel; however, the consistent error over two years suggests thatthe model may under-estimate the radiation on inclined surfaces inSydney during winter.


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REFERENCES1 . B U G L E R , J.W.

I h e D e t e r m i n a t i o n o f H o u r l y I n s o l a t i o n o n a n I n c l i n e dP l a n e u s i n g a D i f f us e I r r a d i a n c e M o d e l b a s e d o n H o u r l yM e a s u r e d G l o b a l H o r i z o n t a l I n s o l a t i o n .S o l a r E n e r g y , V o l . 1 9 , 477-491. 1977.

2 . S o l a r R a d i a t i o n I n c i d e n t o n I n c l i n e d S ur fa ce s i nt i ) W i l l i a m t o w n , N.S.W. CSIRO, SES/SR-WIL-1. 1978.

t i i j Melbourne, Vic. CSIRO, SES/SR-MEL-1. 1977( Dat a f o r o th e r l o c a t i o n s c a n a l s o b e o b t a i n e d f ro m C S I R O , S E S )

3. MORRISON, G.L., SAPSFORD, C.M., LITVAK, A.S o l a r I n s o l a t i o n D a t a f o r Sydney.U n i v e r s i t y o f N . S . W . S c h o o l o f M e c h a n i c a l & I n d u s t r i a l E n g i n e e r i n g .Report No. 1979/FMT/2.

4. MORRISON, G.L. & WITTIG, G.M.D i g i t a l D a t a I n p u t a n d C o n t r o l I n t e r f a c e s f o r S o l a r C o l l e c t o ra n d S o l a r S ys te m P e r fo r ma nc e M o n i t o r i n g .U n i v e r s i t y o f N.S.W. S c h o o l o f M e c h a n i c a l & I n d u s t r i a l t n g i n e e r i n g .R e p o r t 1980/FMT/5.

5. H U N N , B.D. & UALAFELL, D.O.D e t e r m i n a t i o n o f A v e r a g e G r o u n d R e f l e c t i v i t y f o r S o l a r C o l l e c t o r s .S o l a r E n e r g y , V . 1 9 , 87-90. 1977.

6. MELLETT, P.V u l c a n S o l a r C o l l e c t o rI S E S C on f e r e n c e " A P l a c e f o r t h e Sun", M e l b o u r n e , N o v e m b e r 1980.

7. McCOKMICK, P.G. & LETHAM, C.D.L o w Co s t C o n c e n t r a t i n g S o l a r C o l l e c t o r s f o r i n d u s t r i a l & M i n e r a lP r o c e s s i n g A p p l i c a t i o n s .P r o j e c t P r og r e ss R e p o r t J u n e 1980.D e p a r tm e n t o f M e c h a n i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g , U n i v e r s i t y o f W e s t e r n A u s t r a l i a .


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JABUL1Measured Mean Daily Global Solar Irradiation on a Horizontal Surface - Kens

Wor l d Radiometric Refe rence 1981MJ/ (m 2day )

1969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981

J a n .22.9325.132 2 . 1 420.0922.5319.0626.1621.61-

19.5526.1023.8921.94

F e b .22.2521.8521.3421.9815.6517.92 0 . 618.52-

24.7524.2819.8617.92

M a r .17.39-18.761 7 . 2 717.8411.8817.5215.7-

16.8417.2518.4618.87

A p r .15.8814.9814.5813.5613.7210.8313.8514.5315.0914.4414.1313.9513.55

M a y10.0110.1214.909.011.699.9111.2810.39.5611.699.98.828.62

J u n e7 . 5 29.048.648.537.818.017 . 3 08.739.35a . 0 29.378.338.80

July9.6111.419.3611.30

9 . 6 510.1310.449.17-

11.9410.859.68

A u g .12.0213.3613.5412.7812.2612.1011.1012.2614.3914.0213.6013.93

Sept.16.6514.4417.0618.017.6515.614.9-

15.3716.1916.7518.96

O c t16.320.823.517.817.519.419.5

2 2 . 22 1 . 522.418.9

NO T E : Data prior to 1981 has been increased by factor of 1.022with the 1981 Wo r l d Radiometric Reference.


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TABLE 2

M e a s u r e d M e a n D a i 1 y G l o b a l I r r a d i a t i o n o n a S u r f a c e I n c l i n e d 3 4 t o t h e H o r iK e n s i n g t o n (Sydney)

W o r l d R ad iome t r i c Reference - 1981MJ/Cm'day)

19801981

J a n

19.79

F e b

1 7 . 6 1

M a r c h21.421.29

A p r i l19.017.79

M a y1 3 . 312.75

J u n e14.515.25

J u l y17.216.85

A u g u s t20.3

Sept.24.0

T A B L E 3Measured Mean Daily Diffuse Solar Irradiation o n a Horizontal Surface

W o r l d Rad iomet r i c Reference - 1981MJ/ ( m 2day )

19801981

J a n

6.62

Feb/

5.64

M a r c h

5 . 14.81

A p r i l

4.234.15

May4.074.04

J u n e

4.383.84 I

J u l y

4.213.89

A u g u s t

3.5

Sept.

3.89

N O T E : S h a d e r i n g corrections h a v e n o t b e e n a p p l i e d .


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T a b l e 4M e a n d a i l y i r r a d i a t i o n f o r s y d n e y

aweraae For y e a r s 1972-1980c o m p u t e d f r o m measured h o u r l y a l o b a l i r r a d i a t i o n

o n a h o r i z o n t a l surf ce ( u n i v of nsw)

-34 des l a t i t u d es u r fa c e a z i m u t h = n o r t h

mean i r r a d i a t i o n MJ/(**2.day> wrr 1981i n c l i n a t i o n J a n f e b m a r a p r way j u n J u l au a s e p o c t n o v d e c a u e

a n a l e0.017.034.50.70.090.0

.0.0

22.4 20.6 16.7 14.0 10.5 8.5 10.7 13.0 16.9 20.1 23.3 26.1 16.921.9 20.9 17.9 16.3 13.2 11.1 13.9 15.4 18.6 20.8 23.0 25.3 18.220.3 19.9 18.0 17.6 14.9 12.9 16.2 16.9 19.1 20.2 21.4 23.1 18.417.6 18.0 17.1 17.7 15.7 13.7 17.2 17.2 18.5 18.5 18.9 19.9 17.513.5 14.3 14.7 16.3 15.2 13.6 17.0 16.1 16.3 15.2 14.6 14.8 15.28.9 9.9 11.2 13.5 13.3 12.2 15.1 13.6 12.8 10.9 9.8 9.5 11.7

T a b l e 5m e a n d a i l y i r r a d i a t i o n f o r S y d n e y

averase for y e a r s 1972-1980c o m p u t e d f r o m m e a s u re d h o u r l y a l o b a l i r r a d i a t i o n

o n a h o r i z o n t a l surface(univ of nsw)

-34 des l a t i t u d esurface i n c l i n a t i o n 34.0mean i r r a d i a t i o n mJ/(m**2.day) wrr 1981

a z i m u t h J a n f e b mar apr m a y J u n J u l aus s e p o c t n o M d e c a w eansle-90-45-220224590

.0.0.5

.0.5.0.0

21.221.020.620.320.120.119.9

18.919.819.919.919.919.818.9

15.617.417.918.017.817.215.3

13.016.117.217.617.216.213.1

9.813.414.614.914.513.39.7

7.911.212.412.912.61 1 . 58.3

9.814.015.516.215.814.510.4

12.015.316.416.916.515.412.2

15.7 18.3 21.7 24.318.1 19.7 21.9 24.018.9 20.0 21.7 23.519.1 20.2 21.4 23.118.9 20.2 21.4 23.118.1 20.0 21.4 23.115.7 18.8 20.9 23.2

15.717.718.218.418.117.515.5


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T a b l e 6M e a n d a i l y i r r a d i a t i o n f o r S y d n e y

a v e r a s e f o r y e a r s 1972-1980c o m p u t e d f r o m m e a s u r e d h o u r l y a l o b a l i r r a d i a t i o n

o n a h o r i z o n t a l s u r f a c e ( u n i v o f nsw)

- 3 4 d e a l a t i t u d es u r f a c e i n c l i n a t i o n = 90.0

azimutha n a l e-90.0-45.0-22.50.0

22.545.090.0

m e a n i r r a d i a t i o n MJ/(m**2.day) w r r 1981J a n f e b m a r a p r m a y J u n J u l a u s s e p o c t n a y d e c a v e13.6 12.0 10.2 8.7 6.8 5.4 6.8 8.1 10.5 11.6 13.5 14.9 10.211.9 11.7 11.4 11.7 10.8 9.3 11.5 11.4 12.3 12.0 12.4 12.9 11.610.1 10.7 11.4 12.8 12.6 11.3 13.9 12.8 12.6 11.3 10.9 10.7 11.88.9 9.9 11.2 13.5 13.3 12.2 15.1 13.6 12.8 10.9 9.8 9.5 11.79.7 10.7 11.1 12.9 12.4 11.6 14.3 13.0 12.6 11.5 10.6 10.3 11.711.1 11.7 11.1 11.8 10.6 9.9 12.3 11.6 12.3 12.3 11.9 12.1 11.612.2 11.9 9.8 8.8 6.6 5.9 7.3 8.3 10.3 12.1 12.8 13.8 10.0

T a b l e 7m e a n d a i l y i r r a d i a t i o n f o r S y d n e y

a w e r a a e f o r y e a r s 1972-1980c o m p u t e d f r o m M e a s u r e d h o u r l y a l o b a l i r r a d i a t i ono n a h o r i z o n t a l s u r f a c e ( u n i u o f nsw)

t o t a lb e a m

- 3 4 d e a l a t i t u d es u n t r a c k i n s s u r f a c e

m e a n i r r a d i a t i o n mJ/(m*#2.day) wrr 1981J a n f e b m a r a p r m a y J u n J u l a u a s e p o c t n o v d e c a w e28.4 26.7 22.5 21.7 18.5 16.0 20.4 20.6 23.9 26.1 28.9 32.6 23.819.2 18.7 15.7 16.9 15.0 13.0 17.1 15.9 17.3 17.8 19.2 22.8 17.4


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10

T a b l e 8 -M e a n d a i l y irradiation F o r s x d n e x

averaae For y e a r s 1972-1980c o m p u t e d F r o m Me a s u r e d h o u r l y a l o f a a l i r r a d i a t i o n

o n a h o r i z o n t a l s u r F a c e ( u n i M oF nsw)

a x i si n c l i n a t i o n

ansle0.034.045.0

s i n s l e a x i s t r a c k i n ab e a M r a d i a t i o n o n l y-34 dea l a t i t u d ea x i s a z i m u t h = n o r t h

m e a n i r r a d i a t i o n J/(M**2.day) wrr 1981J a n F e b m a r a p r n a y J u n J u l aua s e p o c t n a y d e c a v e14.9 15.1 13.0 13.8 11.8 9.9 13.3 12.8 14.3 14.6 15.1 17.4 13.818.0 18.2 15.7 16.6 14.2 12.0 16.0 15.4 17.2 17.6 18.2 21.0 16.717.6 17.9 15.4 16.3 13.9 11.8 15.7 15.2 16.9 17.2 17.9 20.6 16.4

Table 9

Comparison of Measured and Predicted Radiationon a 34 Inclined Surface in Sydney

P = ground reflectivity

Year

1980

1981

Month

Mar.AprilMa yJuneJulyAugustSept.OctoberNov.DecemberJanuaryFeb.MarchAprilMa yJune

MeasuredRadiationMJ/day

21.319.013.314.417.120.324.020.323.222.619.817.621.417.712.715.2

PredictedRadiationMJ/day

p = 0.220.617.812.112.315.217.221.919.622.423.020.217.520.716.511.313.3

/>= 0.420.918.012.212.415.317.522.219.922.823.420.617.821.016.711.513.5

Error%

P= 0.2-3.3-6.3-9.0-14.6-11.1-15.3-8.8-3.4-3.41.82.0-0.6-3.3-6.8-11.0-14.5

p= 0.4-1.9-5.3-8.3-13.9-10.5-13.8-7.5-2.0-1.73.54.01.1

-1.9-5.6-9.4-13.2


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A p p e n d i x 1

Monthly Variation of Radiation onInclined Surfaces Oriented North

1972-1980


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12

T a b l e A K 1m e a n d a i l y i r r a d i a t i o n f o r s y d n e y

c o m p u t e d F r o m m e a s u r e d h o u r l y s l o b a l i r r a d i a t i o no n a h o r i z o n t a l s u r f a c e ( u n i v o f n s w )

- 3 4 d e s l a t i t u d es u r f a c e i n c l i n a t i o n = 0 . 0s u r f a c e a z i m u t h = n o r t h

m e a n i r r a d i a t i o n mJ/(m**2.day) w r r 1981y e a r J a n f e b m a r a p r m a y J u n J u l a u s s e p o c t n o w d e c a u e1972 20.5 22.4 17.4 13.9 9.2 8.7 11.5 13.0 18.4 18.2 22.7 25.0 16.81973 22.9 15.9 18.2 13.9 11.9 8.0 9.9 12.5 18.1 17.9 21.8 25.0 16.31974 19.8 18.3 12.3 11.2 9.7 8.1 10.3 12.2 15.9 19.7 22.3 26.7 15.51975 26.4 20.6 17.6 14.3 11.6 8.0 10.8 11.7 15.7 19.9 24.5 22.5 16.91976 21.4 19.5 15.5 14.5 11.2 8.8 9.4 12.2 15.7 18.9 22.9 24.8 16.31977 21.8 18.3 15.9 15.3 9.9 8.6 11.0 14.7 15.9 22.7 22.5 28.4 17.11978 19.6 25.1 17.3 14.7 11.8 9.1 12.1 14.2 16.3 21.9 25.0 26.3 17.71979 25.2 24.7 17.5 14.0 9.9 9.1 11.0 12.9 17.2 22.3 24.1 30.3 18.11930 24.4 20.5 18.8 14.4 9.1 8.5 10.5 13.7 19.3 13.7 24.2 26.1 17.5a u e 22.4 20.6 16.7 14.0 10.5 8.5 10.7 13.0 16.9 20.1 23.3 26.1 16.9

T a b l e A 1 I 2mean d a i l y i r r a d i a t i o n F o r S y d n e y

c o m p u t e d f r o m m e a s u r e d h o u r l y a l o b a l i r r a d i a t i o no n a h o r i z o n t a l s u r f a c e ( u n i u o f nsw)

- 3 4 d e s l a t i t u d es u r f a c e i n c l i n a t i o n = 17.0s u r f a c e a z i m u t h = n o r t h

m e a n i r r a d i a t i o n mJ/(m**2.day) w r r 1981y e a r J a n F e b m a r a p r m a y J u n J u l aua s e p o c t n o v d e c a v e1972 20.0 22.8 18.8 16.5 11.2 11.4 15.3 15.6 20.5 18.8 22.5 24.1 18.21973 22.4 16.1 19.7 16.1 15.4 10.1 12.5 14.9 20.0 18.3 21.5 24.3 17.61974 19.4 18.5 12.9 12.6 12.0 10.6 13.4 14.4 17.3 20.3 22.1 25.9 16.61975 25.8 20.8 18.9 16.6 14.9 10.2 14.2 13.7 17.2 20.6 24.2 21.9 18.21976 21.0 19.7 16.5 16.8 14.1 11.5 11.8 14.2 16.9 19.3 22.5 24.2 17.41377 21.2 18.3 16.8 18.1 12.3 10.8 14.0 17.8 17.2 23.6 22.3 27.5 18.31978 19.1 25.7 18.6 17.3 15.1 12.2 16.3 17.2 18.0 22.8 24.6 25.4 19.31979 24.5 25.2 18.9 16.3 12.4 12.0 14.5 15.2 19.1 23.0 23.8 29.2 19.51980 23.8 20.8 20.3 16.6 10.9 10.7 13.3 16.0 21.2 20.2 24.0 25.2 18.6a v e 21.9 20.9 17.9 16.3 13.2 1 1.1 13.9 15.4 18.6 20.8 23.0 25.3 18.2


15/28

13T a b l e AK3

m e a n d a i l y i r ra d i at i on f o r s r d n e xaaaaaaaaaaaaassaaaasaaaasasassstia

c o M P U t e d f r o M M e a s u r e d h o u r l y s l o b a l i r r a d i a t i o no n a h o r i z o n t a l s u r f a c e ( u n i v o f nsw)

-34 des l a t i t u d esurface i n c l i n a t i o n - 34.0s u r f a c e a z i u u t h = n o r t h

M e a n i r r a d i a t i o n J/(**2.day) w r r 1981/ear J a n f e b m a r a p r m a x J u n j u l a u a s e p o c t n o v d e c a v e1972 18.5 21.7 19.0 18.0 12.5 13.4 18.1 17.1 21.3 18.3 20.9 22.0 18.41973 20.7 15.3 20.0 17.3 17.8 11.7 14.3 16.3 20.7 17.6 20.0 22.3 17.81974 18.0 17.7 12.8 13.3 13.5 12.3 15.6 15.6 17.7 19.7 20.6 23.7 16.71975 23.7 19.8 19.0 17.9 17.2 11.8 16.5 14.8 17.7 20.1 22.5 20.2 18.41976 19.4 18.8 16.5 18.0 16.0 13.5 13.5 15.3 17.2 18.6 21.1 22.3 17.61977 19.8 17.4 16.8 19.6 13.9 12.4 16.1 19.7 17.6 23.0 20.7 25.1 18.51978 17.7 24.6 18.6 18.8 17.4 14.5 19.3 19.1 18.5 22.2 22.8 23.2 19.71979 22.5 24.2 19.2 17.5 14.0 14.1 17.1 16.6 19.7 22.3 22.1 26.5 19.61980 22.0 19.9 20.6 17.8 12.1 12.3 15.2 17.2 21.9 19.6 22.4 23.0 18.7awe 20.3 19.9 18.0 17.6 14.9 12.9 16.2 16.9 19.1 20.2 21.4 23.1 18.4

T a b l e AK4M e a n d a i l y i r r a d i a t i o n f o r S y d n e ysaaaaasasasafaasaasaasasasaaicaasa

c o M P U t e d f ro M M e a su r e d h o u r l y a l o b a l i r r a d i a t i o no n a h o r i z o n t a l s u r f a c e ( u n i v o f sw)

-34 des l a t i t u d esurface i n c l i n a t i o n = 50.0s u r f a c e a z i m u t h = n o r t h

M e a n i r r a d i a t i o n J/(m**2.day) wrr 1981y e a r J a n fe b M a r a p r M a y J u n J u l aua s e p o c t n o v d e c a o e1372 16.1 19.5 18.1 18.3 13.0 14.3 19.4 17.5 20.8 16.9 18.5 18.8 17.61973 17.9 13.9 19.0 17.4 18.9 12.4 15.1 16.6 20.1 16.1 17.6 19.2 17.01974 15.8 16.0 12.0 13.2 14.0 13.1 16.6 15.8 17.0 18.1 18.2 20.4 15.91975 20.5 17.7 18.0 17.9 18.2 12.5 17.6 15.0 17.1 18.5 19.8 17.5 17.51976 16.9 17.1 15.7 18.0 16.8 14.4 14.2 15.4 16.5 17.0 18.8 19.5 16.71977 17.5 15.8 15.9 19.8 14.6 13.2 17.0 20.2 16.9 21.1 18.2 21.5 17.71978 15.5 22.0 17.7 19.0 18.5 15.6 20.8 19.6 17.9 20.4 19.9 19.8 18.91979 19.5 21.7 18.2 17.6 14.7 15.2 18.3 16.9 19.1 20.4 19.4 22.5 18.61980 19.1 18.1 19.6 17.8 12.5 13.0 16.0 17.4 21.2 18.0 19.8 19.7 17.7

17.6 18.0 17.1 17.7 15.7 13.7 17.2 17.2 18.5 18.5 18.9 19.9 17.5


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14

T a b l e AK5m e a n d a i l y i r r a di a t i o n F o r s y d n e y

c o m p u t e d f r o m m e a su r e d h o u r l y s l o b a l i r r a d i a t i o no n a h o r i z o n t a l surface(univ o f nsw)

- 3 4 d e a l a t i t u d es ur fa c e i n c l i n a t i o n = 70.0s u r f a c e a z i m u t h = n o r t h

m e a n i r r a d i a t i o n mJ/(**2.day) wrr 1381y e a r J a n f e b m a r a p r m a x J u n J u l aus s e p o c t n o v d e c a v e1972 12.4 15.5 15.6 17.1 12.5 14.3 19.3 16.5 18.4 14.0 14.4 14.0 15.41373 13.6 11.2 16.3 16.0 18.6 12.2 14.7 15.6 17.7 13.2 13.6 14.5 14.81974 12.3 12.9 10.4 12.0 13.5 13.0 16.4 14.8 15.0 14.8 14.1 15.3 13.71975 15.3 14.0 15.4 16.5 17.8 12.3 17.3 14.1 15.2 15.2 15.2 13.3 15.11976 13.0 13.7 13.4 16.6 16.3 14.3 13.8 14.4 14.6 14.2 14.9 15.1 14.61977 13.9 12.9 13.8 18.3 14.1 12.9 16.7 19.1 14.9 17.2 14.1 15.8 15.31978 11.9 17.3 15.1 17.7 18.0 15.6 20.7 18.5 15.8 16.6 15.0 14.7 16.41979 14.7 17.1 15.7 16.2 14.3 15.1 18.2 15.9 16.9 16.6 14.9 16.3 16.01980 14.4 14.5 16.9 16.4 11.9 12.8 15.7 16.2 18.6 14.9 15.5 14.6 15.2age 13.5 14.3 14.7 16.3 15.2 13.6 17.0 16.1 16.3 15.2 14.6 14.8 15.2

T a b l e A 1 I 6m e a n d a i l y i r r a d i a t i o n f o r S y d n e y

c o m p u t e d f r om m e a s u r e d h o u r l y a l o b a l i r r a d i a t i o no n a h o r i z o n t a l s u r f a c e ( u n i v o f nsw)

-34 des l a t i t u d esurface i n c l i n a t i o n = 90.0 .s u r f a c e a z i m u t h = n o r t h

m e a n i r r a d i a t i o n mJ/(m**2.day) wrr 1981/ear J a n f e b m ar a p r m a y J u n J u l a u s s e p o c t n o v d e c a u e197219731974197519761977197819791980

8.38.98.49.68.6

10.08.09.49.2

10.58.09.19.49.69.5

11.411.310.2

12.012.23.111.7

10.210.711.411.912.9

14.213.29.9

13.513.715.114.713.413.5

10.916.311.815.614.312.315.812.510.4

12.810.911.611.012.811.514.013.611.4

17.2 14.013.0 13.114.5 12.615.4 11.812.2 12.114.7 16.118.5 15.616.2 13.513.8 13.6

14.513.911.812.011.511.712.313.214.6

10.19.5

10.510.910.512.011.611.710.9

9.79.19.4

10.010.59.59.79.7

10.5

8.9 12.09.4 11.59.8 10.78.7 11.6

10.2 11.49.9 11.99.2 12.79.7 12.29.2 11.78.9 9.9 11.2 13.5 13.3 12.2 15.1 13.6 12.8 10.9 9.8 9.5 11.7


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-15-

A p p e n d i x 2

Monthly Variation of Radiation on InclinedSurfaces Oriented Off North

1972-1980


18/28

16

T a b l e A Z I 1w e a n d a i l y i r r a d i a t i o n f o r s y d n e y=================================

c o m p u t e d F r o m Measured h o u r l y a l o b a l i r r a d i a t i o na n a h o r i z o n t a l s u r f a c e ( u n i v of nsw)

-34 des l a t i t u d es u r f a c e i n c l i n a t i o n = 34.0surface a z i m u t h = -90.0

m e a n i r r a d i a t i o n mJ/(m*#2.day) wrr 1981y e a r J a n f e b m a r a p r m a y J u n J u l aua s e p o c t n o v d e c a w e1 9 7 2 18.5 19.416.4 13.3 9.0 8.4 10.6 12.1 16.6 16.5 20.7 22.8 15.41973 20.6 14.3 7.3 12.6 11.2 7.5 8.6 11.3 16.5 15.8 18.6 22.9 14.91974 18.6 17.4 11.0 10.2 9.1 7.4 9.1 9.4 14.7 17.8 20.4 24.0 14.11 3 7 5 25.6 18.8 16.2 13.3 1 1 . 1 7.4 10.3 10.0 14.0 16.7 22.1 20.1 15.519?6 20.0 18.2 14.9 13.8 10.8 7.3 8.2 11.3 14.0 17.0 20.8 22.4 14.91377 20.8 17.2 14.8 14.6 9.4 7.9 9.7 13.0 14.8 21.0 24.4 29.6 6.41978 20.8 22.9 15.6 14.2 11.6 8.6 11.6 13.3 15.2 20.7 22.7 24.5 16.81973 23.4 22.6 16.2 10.3 7.6 8.1 10.4 15.1 16.8 20.8 21.9 27.3 6.81980 22.7 18.5 17.8 14.2 8.7 8.1 10.0 12.8 18.6 18.9 22.3 24.5 16.5

a - . - e 21.2 18.9 15.6 13.0 9.8 7.9 9.8 12.0 15.7 18.3 21.7 24.3 15.7

T a b l e A2:2wean d a i l y i r r a d i a t i o n f o r S y d n e y

c o m p u t e d f r o m m e a s u r e d h o u r l y a l o b a l i r r a d i a t i o no n a h o r i z o n t a l s u r f a c e ( u n i v o f nsw)

-34 des l a t i t u d esurface i n c l i n a t i o n = 34.0surface a z i m u t h = -45.0

m e a n i r r a d i a t i o n mJ/(m**2.day) wrr 1981' / e a r J a n f e b m a r a p r m a y J u n J u l a u s s e p o c t n o v d e c a u e1072 18.B 20.7 18.4 16.7 1 1 . 5 11.9 5.5 15.5 19.7 17.8 21.0 22.5 17.51373 20.7 15.4 19.5 15.6 15.7 10.3 12.114.5 19.4 16.9 19.9 22.8 16.91974 18.518.0 1 2 . 1 12.2 12.1 10.5 13.2 12.6 16.7 19.2 20.7 24.0 15.81975 25.2 19.7 18.2 16.4 15.5 10.4 14.7 12.8 16.4 18.5 22.6 20.2 17.51976 19.9 19.0 16.416.9 14.7 11.0 1.5 14.0 15.9 18.0 21.1 22.5 16.81977 20.5 17.6 16.3 18.2 12.6 10.9 13.9 17.4 16.7 22.6 23.6 28.2 18.21978 20.0 24.2 17.6 17.6 15.9 12.6 17.0 17.3 17.6 22.2 23.124.1 13.11979 23.2 23.9 18.3 14.3 1 1 . 1 11.9 4.9 17.5 19.3 22.2 22.3 27.4 18.81980 22.6 19.6 20.0 17.1 11.2 10.9 13.5 16.0 21.3 19.8 22.7 24.0 18.3

a > 0 21.0 19.8 17.4 16.1 13.4 11.2 14.0 15.3 18.1 19.7 21.9 24.0 7.7


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7

T a b l e A2I3m e a n d a i l y i r r a d i a t i o n F o r S y d n e y

c o m p u t e d f r o m m e a s u r e d h o u r l y a l o b a l i r r a d i a t i o no n a h o r i z o n t a l s u r f a c e ( u n i u o f nsw)

- 3 4 d e a l a t i t u d esurface i n c l i n a t i o n = 34.0s u r f a c e a z i m u t h = -22.5

m e a n i r r a d i a t i o n mj/(m**2.dar) w r r 1981y e a r J a n f e b m a r a p r m a x J u n J u l aua s e p o c t n o w d e c a w e1972 18.5 21.2 18.9 17.7 12.3 13.0 17.3 16.6 20.8 18.1 20.9 22.1 18.21973 20.6 15.4 20.0 16.8 17.3 11.3 13.5 15.7 20.3 17.3 19.9 22.5 17.61974 18.3 17.9 12.5 13.0 13.1 11.7 14.8 14.3 17.4 19.5 20.6 23.7 16.41975 24.5 19.8 18.8 17.5 16.3 11.4 16.1 14.1 17.2 19.3 22.5 20.1 18.21976 19.6 19.0 16.7 17.8 15.8 12.6 12.8 15.0 16.7 18.3 21.1 22.3 17.31977 20.1 17.5 16.7 19.3 13.6 12.0 15.4 19.0 17.4 22.9 22.3 26.7 18.61978 18.9 24.5 18.3 18.6 17.2 13.9 18.8 18.6 18.3 22.3 22.9 23.6 19.G1979 22.9 24.1 18.9 16.1 12.8 13.4 16.5 17.5 19.8 22.3 22.2 26.8 13.41980 22.3 19.8 20.6 17.8 11.9 11.9 14.7 17.0 21.9 19.8 22.5 23.4 18.7a v e 20.6 19.9 17.9 17.2 14.6 12.4 15.5 16.4 18.9 20.0 21.7 23.5 18.2

T a b l e A2I4mean d a i l y irradiation For s y d n e y

c o m p u t e d F r o m m e a s u r e d h o u r l y a l o b a l i r r a d i a t i o no n a h o r i z o n t a l s u r f a c e ( u n i v o F nsw)

- 3 4 d e a l a t i t u d es u r F a c e i n c l i n a t i o n = 34.0s u r f a c e a z i m u t h = 22.5

m e a n i r r a d i a t i o n mJ/(m**2.day) w r r 1981y e a r J a n F e b m a r a p r m a y J u n J u l a u a s e p o c t n o v d e c a w e197219731974197519761977197819791980a w e

18.620.918.023.319.319.716.722.521.920.1

22.215.317.419.818.717.424.624.120.019.9

18.619.512.718.716.116.518.619.020.217.8

17.517.113.217.517.419.018.218.117.117.2

12.117.313.116.415.313.416.614.411.614.5

12.911.312.111.413.512.114.013.911.912.6

17.614.215.415.813.415.818.516.514.715.8

16.716.116.214.915.019.418.514.916.816.5

21.120.417.517.617.317.418.219.021.218.9

18.4 21.1 22.217.9 20.2 22.319.7 20.7 23.920.6 22.6 20.418.8 21.2 22.422.9 19.3 23.822.0 22.9 23.122.3 22.2 26.619.3 22.4 22.820.2 21.4 23.1

18.317.716.618.317.418.119.319.418.41 8 . 1


20/28

18

T a b l e A2I5m e a n d a i l y i r r a d i a t i o n f o r S y d n e y

c o m p u t e d F r o m m e a su r e d h o u r l y s l o b a l i r r a d i a t i o no n a h o r i z o n t a l surface(univ of nsw)

-34 des l a t i t u d esurface i n c l i n a t i o n = 34.0s u rf a c e a z i m u t h = 45.0

m e a n i r r a d i a t i o n mj/(**2.day) wrr 1981/ e a r J a n f e b m a r a p r m a y J u n J u l aus s e p o c t n o w d e c a v e1972 18.3 22.4 17.9 16.2 1 1 . 1 11.6 16.1 15.6 20.3 18.2 21.2 22.5 17.71973 21.3 15.2 18.7 16.3 15.7 10.4 13.3 15.2 19.6 17.9 20.4 22.4 17.21974 18.0 17.1 12.5 12.6 12.1 1 1 . 1 14.3 16.0 16.9 19.5 20.8 24.2 16.31375 23.1 19.8 18.1 16.4 14.8 10.4 14.3 14.4 17.1 20.8 22.7 20.6 17.71976 19.4 18.4 15.4 16.2 13.8 12.7 12.5 14.0 16.9 18.8 21.4 22.7 16.91977 19.7 17.3 16.0 17.6 12.3 11.2 14.7 18.1 16.8 22.5 18.2 22.9 17.31978 15.9 24.4 18.2 16.9 14.9 12.7 16.6 17.0 17.5 21.5 23.0 23.2 18.51979 22.7 23.8 18.4 17.9 13.9 12.9 15.0 12.8 17.9 22.0 22.3 26.9 18.81980 22.0 19.8 19.3 15.8 10.7 11.0 13.5 15.6 20.1 18.8 22.3 22.9 17.720.1 19.8 17.2 16.2 13.3 11 .5 14.5 15.4 18.1 20.0 21.4 23.1 17.5

T a b l e A 2 I Gm e a n d a i l y i r r a d i a t i o n f o r s y d n e x

c o m p u t e d f r o m m e a s u r e d h o u r l y a l o b a l i r r a d i a t i o no n a h o r i z o n t a l surface(uniu of nsw)

-34 des l a t i t u d es u r f a c e i n c l i n a t i o n = 34.0s u r f a c e a z i m u t h = 90.0

m e a n i r r a d i a t i o n mj/(m*2.day) wr r 1981y e a r J a n f e b m a r a p r m a y d u n J u l aua s e p o c t n o v d e c a v e1372 18.9 21.7 15.7 12.7 8.4 8.1 11.3 12.4 17.4 17.0 20.9 22.9 15.61973 21.5 14.5 16.3 13.4 11.2 7.6 10.0 12.1 16.8 17.1 20.2 22.4 15.31974 17.9 16.3 11.5 10.6 9.1 8.0 10.3 13.6 15.0 18.2 20.5 24.4 14.61975 22.6 18.9 16.0 13.3 10.3 7.4 9.9 11.8 14.9 19.9 22.4 20.7 15.71976 19.3 17.4 13.7 13.0 9.9 9.2 9.4 11.3 15.2 18.1 21.2 22.8 15.11977 19.6 16.8 14.5 13.9 9.1 8.2 10.8 13.8 14.8 20.7 16.8 21.9 15.11978 15.1 23.0 16.5 13.3 10.5 8.8 11.2 13.1 15.2 19.8 22.7 23.2 16.01979 22.6 22.4 16.3 15.2 10.8 9.1 10.6 9.4 15.0 20.5 21.9 27.1 16.71980 21.8 18.9 16.9 12.7 8.3 8.0 9.9 12.5 17.2 17.6 21.9 22.9 15.8av e 19.9 18.9 15.3 13.1 9.7 8.3 10.4 12.2 15.7 18.8 20.9 23.2 15.5


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19

T a b l e A2I7uean d a i l y irradiation F o r s y d n e y

c o m p u t e d P r o m measured h o u r l y a l o b a l i r r a d i a t i o no n a h o r i z o n t a l s u r f a c e ( u n i u o f nsw)

-34 des l a t i t u d es u r f a c e i n c l i n a t i o n = 90.0s u r f a c e a z i m u t h = -90.0

m e a n i r r a d i a t i o n m J / < m * *2 . d a y > wrr 1981/ear J a n f e b war a p r m a y J u n J u l aua s e p o c t n o v d e c a y e1972 11.5 11.7 10.8 9.2 6.4 5.9 7.5 8.3 10.9 10.5 12.8 14.0 10.01973 12.9 9.7 11.4 8.3 7.9 5.2 5.6 7.5 10.8 9.8 12.1 13.7 9.61974 11.9 11.3 6.8 6.5 6.3 5.0 6.0 5.8 9.8 10.9 12.6 14.4 8.91975 16.6 12.0 10.4 9.0 7.7 5.1 7.2 6.4 9.0 9.9 13.6 11.7 9.91976 12.6 11.6 9.9 9.1 7.5 4.6 5.3 7.5 9.1 10.6 13.0 13.4 9.61977 13.8 11.3 9.5 10.0 6.3 5.4 6.4 8.3 10.1 13.4 13.9 19.6 10.91978 14.2 14.4 10.0 9.8 8.3 6.1 8.3 9.1 10.4 13.6 H.O 15.1 11.11979 14.8 14.2 10.7 6.4 4.5 5.4 7.6 11.8 11.5 13.6 13 .1 16.9 10.91980 14.1 11.6 11.8 9.8 6.0 5.6 7.1 8.5 12.7 12.4 13.8 15.2 10.7a v e 13.6 12.0 10.2 8.7 6.8 5.4 6.8 8.1 10.5 11.6 13.5 14.9 10.2

T a b l e A2:8m e a n d a i l y i r r a d i a t i o n f o r s y d n e y

c o m p u t e d f r o m m e a s u r e d h o u r l y s l o b a l i r r a d i a t i o no n a h o r i z o n t a l surface(uniu o f nsw)

-34 des l a t i t u d es u r f a c e i n c l i n a t i o n = 90.0s u r f a c e a z i m u t h = -45.0

m e a n i r r a d i a t i o n mJ/(m*#2.day) wrr 1981y e a r J a n f e b m a r a p r m a y j u n J u l a u s s e p o c t n o w d e c a t > e1972 10.4 11.7 12.2 12.6 9.4 10.3 13.1 11.7 13.3 10.9 11.9 12.1 11.71973 11.5 3.5 12.9 11 .1 13.0 8.6 9.4 10.6 13.0 10.1 11.2 12.2 11.11974 10.6 11.0 7.6 8.5 9.7 8.7 10.6 8.2 11.3 11.3 1:.6 12.7 10.21975 14.2 11.6 11.8 11.9 12.9 8.7 12.4 8.9 10.8 10.6 1L.5 10.7 11.41976 11.2 11.4 10.9 12.3 12.1 8.6 8.9 10.3 10.4 10.9 12.2 12.3 11.01977 12.3 10.9 10.7 13.5 10.1 9.0 10.9 12.7 11.4 13.8 14.6 15.9 12.21978 12.1 14.1 11.2 13.3 13.4 10.8 14.7 13.2 12.0 13.8 12.6 12.9 12.81379 12.8 13.9 12.1 9.1 7.8 9.8 12.6 15.3 13.6 13.7 12.1 14.2 12.31980 12.4 11.5 13.4 12.8 8.9 9.1 11.2 11.8 14.8 12.6 12.8 12.9 12.0

a - . / e 11.9 11.7 11.4 11.7 10.8 9.3 11.5 11.4 12.3 12.0 11.4 12.9 11.6


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20

T a b l e A2I9w e a n d a i l y i r r a d i a t i o n f o r s y d n e y

c o m p u t e d P r o m m e a s u r e d h o u r l y a l o b a l i r r a d i a t i o no n a h o r i z o n t a l s u r f a c e ( u n i v o f nsw)

-34 dea latitude

y e a r197219731874197513761377137819731930aye

surface inclination =surface azimuth =

J a n9.19.99.211.49.610.83.710.710.410.1

f e b10.98.710.010.310.410.112.612.510.710.7

meanmar12.212.77.911.7

10.710.711.211.913.211.4

90.-22.

irradiation mJ/(m**2.day)ap r13.712.39.413.0

13.414.714.411.013.512.8

may10.615.311.215.013.911.815.310.410.012.6

J u n12.110.210.610.311.210.713.112.210.711.3

J u l15.911.613.114.610.913.417.515.113.113.9

aua13.112.110.310.411.514.914.915.213.112.8

05

wrr 1981s e p

13.913.511.611.410.811.512.213.614.912.6

o c t10.49.710.910.510.612.812.712.611.711.3

n o u10.69.9

10.311.011.211.810.910.611.410.9

d e c aue10.1 11.910.5 11.410.9 10.49.5 11.611.0 11.312.2 12.110.6 12.911.3 12.310.6 12.010.7 11.8

Table A2I10mean d a i l y irradiation for Sy dne y

computed from measured ho ur ly slo bal irradiationon a horizontal surface(univ of n s w )

year197219731974197519761977197819791980a' 9

-34 des latitudesurface i n c l i n a t i o n = 90.0surface azimuth = 22.5

mean irradiation mJ/(m**2.day) wrr 1981J a n9.2

10.19.110.49.410.57.810.510.29.7

f e b12.08.59.510.310.03.912.612.310.310.7

mar11.711.38.211.69.910.511.812.012.511.1

ap r13.312.99.7

12.912.714.113.614.512.312.9

m a y10.115.311.114.212.911.414.313.29.6

12.4

J u n11.910.311.210.312.811.013.213.210.711.6

J u l16.412.814.114.212.014.217.015.313.014.3

aua13.312.813.612.011.515.514.610.512.813.0

sep14.413.711.712.011.811.512.112.313.812.6

o c t10.710.411.012.311.212.712.112.411.011.5

n o v10.710.210.411.111.33.110.810.611.210.6

dec aw e9.9 12.010.2 11.610.9 10.99.6 11.711.0 11.410.2 H,710.1 12.511.0 12.310.1 11.510.3 11.7


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T a b l e A2:ilmean d a i l y i r r ad i a ti o n F o r S y d n e y

c o m p u t e d f r o n t m e a s u r e d h o u r l y s l o b a l i r r a d i a t i o no n a h o r i z o n t a l s u r F a c e ( u n i v o F nsw)

year197213731974197519761977197819791980a w e

-34 des l a t i t u d es u r f a c e i n c l i n a t i o n - 30.0s u r f a c e a z i m u t h = 45.0

m e a n i r r a d i a t i o n mJ/(m**2.day) ur r 1381J a n F e b

10.7 13.512.0 3.110.2 10.012.1 11.610.7 10.611.5 10.68.2 14.1

12.3 13.711.8 1 1 . 811.1 1 1 . 7

Mar1 1 . 51 1 . 98.111.69.710.312.112.212.41 1 . 1

apr1 1 . 91 2 . 19.011.911.412.712.214.410.311. S

m a y8.613.09.6

1 1 . 710.79.6

11.812.38.210.6

jun9.88.89.78.611.49.4

11.01 1 . 43.19.9

J u l14.01 1 . 412.411.710.712.414.013.01 1 . 112.3

aus12.01 1 . 713.511.410.313.712.88.01 1 . 41 1 . 6

s e p14.013.31 1 . 511.81 1 . 811.412.01 1 . 613.212.3

o c t1 1 . 41 1 . 31 1 . 713.411.913.513.013.51 1 . 312.3

n o v1 2 . 11 1 . 61 1 . 712.712.59.112.612.212.41 1 . 9

d e c12.01 1 . 812.91 1 . 012.411.012.013.71 1 . 912.1

a u e1 1 . 81 1 . 510.91 1 . 611.21 1 . 312.112.31 1 . 31 1 . 6

T a b l e A2.'12M e a n d a i l y i r r a d i a t i o n F o r S y d n e y

c o M P U t e d F r o M Measured h o u r l y a l o b a l i r r a d i a t i o no n a h o r i z o n t a l surFace(uniu oF nsw)

y e a r137219731974197519761977197819731330a w e

-34 des l a t i t u d e

surface i n c l i n a t i o n = 30.0surface a z i m u t h = 90.0M e a n i r r a d i a t i o n mJ/(**2.day) wr r 1381

J a n12.013.81 1 . 113.51 1 . 812.48.4

13.313.212.2

F e b14.13.410.012.010.710.814.514.011.911.9

M a r10.110.47.210.28.59.111.010.910.93.8

a p r8.63.17.08.98.23.28.811.38.28.8

M a y5.77.86.26.66.25.97.08.15.46.6

J u n5.65.35.85.06.85.86.36.75.65.3

J u l8.37.17.36.66.77.57.77.87.07.3

aus8.58.4

10.28.57.59.18.75.78.18.3

s e p11.510.310.03.910.33.310.13.410.310.3

o c t11.011.31 1 . 213.31 1 . 813.112.713.411.012.1

n o w13.112.812.713.813.48.314.013.313.212.8

d e c a u e14.2 10.213.3 10.014.8 9.512.4 10.113.8 3.711.5 3.413.8 10.2IB. 2 10.313.7 3.913.8 10.0


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-22-

A p p e n d i x 3

Monthly Variation of Radiation on a Sun Tracking Surface

Beam and Total Radiation

1972-1980


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T a b l e A3:iM e a n d a i l y i r r a d i a t i o n f o r S y d n e y

c o m p u t e d f r o m M e a su r e d h o u r l y s l o b a l i r r a d i a t i o no n a h o r i z o n t a l s u r f a c e ( u n i v o f n s w )

- 3 4 d e a l a t i t u d es u n t r a c k i n s s u r f ac e

1 t o t a l i r r a d i a t i o nM e a n i r r a d i a t i o n MJ/(n**2.day) w r r 1981

y e a r j a n f e b M a r a p r M a x J u n J u l a u a s e p o c t n o w d e c a v e1972 25.3 29.5 23.7 22.8 15.4 16.9 23.S 21.3 27.0 23.5 28.2 32.1 24.11973 29.6 20.1 25.9 21.6 23.0 14.4 17.6 20.0 25.8 22.4 27.0 30.3 23.21974 24.5 22.9 14.2 15.6 16.5 15.3 19.6 19.1 21.7 24.9 27.8 32.9 21.31975 35.1 27.5 23.5 22.2 21.4 14.3 20.6 18.2 21.5 25.7 30.5 26.7 23.91976 26.6 24.4 20.4 21.4 19.5 16.7 16.4 18.1 20.7 22.3 26.8 28.9 21.91977 26.1 21.8 19.6 24.7 16.9 15.2 19.8 24.0 21.9 30.6 28.0 35.9 23.71978 24.5 34.5 23.7 23.6 22.1 18.5 25.0 23.7 23.7 30.3 32.2 33.3 26.21979 32.4 33.4 24.9 21.8 17.2 17.8 22.2 20.5 25.0 30.6 30.3 39.9 26.31980 31 .1 25.8 26.3 21.9 14.3 15.0 18.9 20.3 27.5 24.5 23.2 33.0 24.0av e 28.4 26.7 22.5 21.7 18.5 16.0 20.4 20.6 23.9 26.1 28.9 32.6 23.8

T a b l e A3:zm e a n d a i l y i r r a d i a t i o n f o r S y d n e y

c o M P U t e d froM Measured h o u r l y s l o b a l i r r a d i a t i o no n a horizontal surface(univ of n s w )

- 3 4 d e a l a t i t u d es u n t r a c k i n a s u r f c a eb e a m i r r a d i a t i o n

m e a n i r r a d i a t i o n J/(M**2.day) wrr 1981y e a r J a n f e b M a r ap r M a y J u n J u l aua s e p o c t n o v d e c a v e1972 16.2 21.6 16.7 18.4 11.8 14.1 20.5 16.7 20.8 15.7 18.4 23.0 17.81973 20.8 12.6 19.9 16.8 19.8 11. 4 14.2 15.6 19.3 14.2 17.8 20.4 16.91974 15.4 14.7 7.3 10.8 12.9 12.4 16.6 14.1 14.6 17.2 18.6 22.5 14.81975 26.9 20.6 16.8 17.4 18.2 11 .4 17.6 13.8 15.1 17.7 20.9 17.1 17.81976 17.6 16.2 13.9 16.0 15.9 13.8 13.0 13.2 13.3 11.9 14.9 16.9 14.81977 14.0 11.6 11.5 20.2 13.5 11.8 16.3 19.8 15.1 22.9 18.6 26.3 16.81978 16.1 27.6 17.0 18.7 18.3 15.8 22.3 19.4 17.7 23.1 23.7 24.1 20.31979 23.2 26.3 18.7 17.0 13.7 14.8 19.0 15.4 19.0 22.7 21.7 31.5 20.21980 22.5 17.3 19.4 16.6 10.4 11.6 15.0 14.9 20.4 14.9 18.4 23.6 17.2a w e 19.2 18.7 15.7 16.9 15.0 13.0 17.1 15.9 17.3 17.8 19.2 22.8 17.4


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A p p e n d i x 4

Monthly Variation of Radiation on a SingleAxis Tracking Surface Oriented North/South

1972-1980


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T a b l e A 4 Z 1m e a n d a i l y i r r a d i a t i o n f o r S y d n e y

c o m p u t e d f r o m m e a s u r e d h o u r l y s l o b a l i r r a d i a t i o no n a . h o r i z o n t a l s u r f a c e ( u n i v o f nsw)

s i n a l e a x i s t r a c k i n sb e a m r a d i a t i o n o n l y-34 dea l a t i t u d ea x i s i n c l i n a t i o n = 0 . 0a x i s a z i m u t h = n o r t h

m e a n i r r a d i a t i o n mj/(m*2.day> wrr 1981y e a r J a n f e b m a r a p r m a y J u n J u l a u s s e p o c t n o w d e c a u e1972 12.5 17.4 13.8 15.0 9.3 10.7 15.8 13.4 17.2 12.9 14.5 17.5 14.21973 16.2 10.2 16.4 13.7 15.5 8.7 11.0 12.6 15.9 11.6 14.0 15.6 13.51974 12.0 11.9 6.0 8.8 10.1 9.5 12.8 11.4 12.1 14.0 14.6 17.2 11.71975 20.9 16.6 13.9 14.3 14.2 8.7 13.6 11.2 12.4 14.5 16.4 13.1 14.11976 13.6 13.1 11.5 13.0 12.5 10.5 10.1 10.7 11.0 9.8 11.7 12.9 11.71977 10.9 9.3 9.5 16.4 10.6 9.0 12.6 15.9 12.5 18.7 14.6 20.1 13.41978 12.5 22.3 14.1 15.2 14.8 12.0 17.2 15.7 14.6 18.9 18.5 18.4 16.11979 18.0 21.2 15.4 13.9 10.7 11.3 14.6 12.4 15.7 18.5 17.0 24.0 16.01980 17.5 14.0 16.1 13.6 8.2 8.9 11.6 12.0 16.9 12.2 14.5 18.0 13.7

a . ' e 14.9 15.1 13.0 13.8 11.8 9.9 13.3 12.8 14.3 14.6 15.1 17.4 13.8

T a b l e A 4 t 2m e a n d a i l y i r r a d i a t i o n f o r S y d n e y

c o m p u t e d F r o m m e a s u r e d h o u r l y a l o b a l i r r a d i a t i o no n a h o r i z o n t a l s u r f a c e ( u n i v o f nsw)

s i n s l e a x i s t r a c k i n sb e a m r a d i a t i o n o n l y

- 3 4 d e s l a t i t u d ea x i s i n c l i n a t i o n = 34.0a x i s a z i m u t h = n o r t h

m e a n i r r a d i a t i o n mw/(m**2.day) w r r 1981 - m n

/ear J a n f e b m a r a p r m a y J u n J u l a u s s e p o c t n o w d e c a u e1972 15.1 21.0 16.7 18.0 11.2 12.9 19.1 16.2 20.8 15.5 17.5 21.1 17.11973 19.5 12.3 19.8 16.5 18.7 10.5 13.3 15.1 19.2 14.0 16.9 18.8 16.31974 14.4 14.3 7.3 10.6 12.2 11.4 15.5 13.7 14.5 16.9 17.6 20.7 14.11975 25.2 20.0 16.8 17.2 17.2 10.5 16.4 13.5 15.0 17.5 19.8 15.7 17.11976 16.4 15.8 13.9 15.7 15.0 12.7 12.2 12.9 13.3 11.8 14.1 15.5 14.11977 13.1 11.3 11 .5 19.8 12.7 10.9 15.2 19.2 15.1 22.6 17.6 24.2 16.11978 15.0 26.8 17.0 18.3 17.8 14.5 20.8 18.9 17.7 22.8 22.3 22.2 19^51979 21.7 25.6 18.6 16.7 12.9 13.7 17.7 14.9 19.0 22.3 20.5 29.0 19.41980 21.1 16.9 19.4 16.3 9.9 10.7 14.0 14.5 20.3 14.7 17.5 21.7 16.5a v e 18.0 18.2 15.7 16.6 14.2 12.0 16.0 15.4 17.2 17.6 18.2 21.0 16.7


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T a b l e A4I3m e a n d a i l y i r r a d i a t i o n f o r S y d n e y ~~~~~~~~22SS

c o m p u t e d f r o m measured h o u r l y g l o b a l i r r a d i a t i o no n a h o r i z o n t a l surface(univ of nsw)s i n a l e a x i s t r a c k i n sb e a u r a d i a t i o n o n l y

-34 dea l a t i t u d ea x i s i n c l i n a t i o n = 45.0a x i s a z i m u t h = n o r t h

m e a n i r r a d i a t i o n t n J / ( m * * 2 . d a y ) wr r 1981/ear j a n f e b m a r a p r m a y J u n J u l a us s e p o c t n o M d e c a v e1372 14.8 20.6 16.4 17.7 11.0 12.7 18.7 15.9 20.4 15.2 17.2 20.8 16.81973 19.2 12.1 19.5 16.2 18.4 10.3 13.0 14.9 18.3 13.7 16.6 18.4 16.01974 14.2 14.1 7.2 10.4 12.0 11. 2 15.2 13.5 14.3 16.6 17.3 20.4 13.91975 24.8 19.6 16.5 16.9 16.8 10.3 16.1 13.2 14.7 17.1 19.4 15.5 16.71376 16.1 15.5 13.7 15.4 14.8 12.5 12.0 12.6 13.0 11.5 13.8 15.2 13.91977 12.9 1 1. 1 11. 3 19.5 12 .5 10.7 14.9 18.8 14.8 2 2.1 17.3 23.8 15.81978 14.8 26.4 16.7 18.0 17.5 14.2 20.4 18.5 17.3 22.3 21.9 21.8 1 9.11979 21.3 25.1 18.3 16.4 12.7 13.4 17.3 14.7 18.6 21.9 20.2 29.5 19.01980 20.7 16.6 19.1 16.0 9.7 10.5 13.8 14.3 20.0 14.5 17.1 21.3 16.2a,,e 17.6 17.9 15.4 16.3 13.9 11 .8 15.7 15.2 16.9 17.2 17.9 20.6 16.4

Radiation Sydney 1981090

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