Radiation Quantities and Units
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Transcript of Radiation Quantities and Units
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Radiation Quantities and Units
Chapter 3
Sherer
Chapter 33 Bushong
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Somatic effects Long term somatic Genetic effects Box 3-1
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Quality Factor, pg 56 Sherer "rate in which energy is deposited in the
form of a charged particle or ion pair as it travels through matter"
LET pg 57 Sherer Radiographic isotopes pg 46 Bushong ionization pg. 5 Bushong Natural sources of radiation, pg 5 Bushong
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QUALITY FACTOR (QF) measure of biologic impact or damage of a
particular type of radiation Rem = RAD x QF LETS of 3% or less have a QF of 1 = same
amount of damage of rad per rem QUALITY FACTOR OF ALPHA IS 20 See box
Table 3-1 Sherer 1 RAD = 20 REM FOR ALPHA PARTICLE
ABSORPTION
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WHICH HAS A HIGHER LET NUMBER?
X-rays (HIGH OR LOW?) Alpha (HIGH OR LOW?) Beta (HIGH OR LOW?) Gamma (HIGH OR LOW?)
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Radiation Induced Responses
NON-STOCHASTIC AKA (DETERMINISTIC)
STOCHASTIC AKA PROBABILISTIC
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What do they mean?
Exposure (X) Absorbed dose (D)
Equivalent dose (EqD)
Effective dose (EfD)
What strikes the body Deposit of energy in body
Calculated based on absorbed dose and associated radiation weighting factor (type/energy of a specific radiation)
More tissues radiosensitive than others (tissue weighting factor see Table 3-3
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WR associated with Equivalent Dose- table 3-2
WT associated with Effective Dose- table 3-3
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Radiobiology and Cellular Biology (Bushong Chapter 33)
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When an atom is ionized
Chemical binding properties change in large molecules: breakage or relocation
of molecules…become abnormal Abnormal means Function improperly cease to function -impairment or death of
cell
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Damage is Reversible
Ionized atoms become neutral…How? Molecules are mended by repair enzymes Immediate response to radiation Latent response Pg 484 (Bushong) see Box 33-1
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RADIATION INTERACTS AT ATOMIC LEVEL Atoms combine to form molecules The body is made of macromolecules What is the definition of macromolecules?
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With this kind of potential damage….
The government tends to get involved
CHAPTER 7 SHERER
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YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN ICRP NCRP UNSCEAR NAS/NRC-BEIR NRC EPA FDA OSHA
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DEFINE
RSC
RSO
NCRP REPORT NO 116