Radiation Protection : Time 、 Distance 、 Shielding
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Transcript of Radiation Protection : Time 、 Distance 、 Shielding
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Radiation Protection:Time 、 Distance 、 Shielding
Half-Value Layer (HVL) for -ray: 9 cm of soil 6 cm of concrete 1 cm of lead 0.2 cm of depleted uranium 150 m of air
To minimize the hazards arising from these radiation sources.The entire system of radiation safety in NSRRC was based on three principles of radiation protection: use of shielding to diminish the radiation intensity, increased distance from the radiation source, and limited duration of radiation exposure.
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Radiation Safety Access Control System for the TPS project
Chen, Chien-RongRadiation & Operation
Safety Division, NSRRCEmail: [email protected]
June 16, 2011
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Development of an electromagnetic cascade and subsequent photonuclear reaction initiated by a high-energy electron
Radiation sources
Kinds of radiation sources originating from the operation of a synchrotron accelerator :Bremsstrahlung Neutrons,Activation Synchrotron light.
Electromagnetic cascade effectHigh-energy electrons→Bremsstrahlungs γ→Neutrons or Muons→Induced activity
Of the Accelerator
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Design Function of Access Control System (ACS) for TPS
The ACS is a sub-system of Radiation Safety System. The ACS prevents or controls personnel access to and stay
at high radiation areas due to the production of prompt radiation.
When the beam is off, prompt radiation is not generated. The ACS interlock system in this topic refers and pay attention to
personnel safety protection, though frequently interlock system is also used for machine (or equipment) protection.
The installations of shielding and safety design must be included.
The system for TPS will be inherited from current TLS system and upgraded.
Our design and implementation will follow the conventions adopted in most facilities and also the recent recommendations of ANSI N43.1 standards entitled “Radiation Safety for the Design and Operation of Particle Accelerators” [2007].
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Diversity : Each safety interlock must function independently of any other safety interlocks. It is generally accepted that when using two identical devices in a redundant configuration the probability of both failing (to ‘danger’) is less than that of a single device.
Redundancy : The ACS is duplicated throughout (input devices, wiring, logic function, outputs), and is periodically tested to ensure that both ‘guard-lines’ are operating correctly.
Reliability : It should provide the required protection, while subject to all foreseeable aging and environmental conditions at the accelerator facility. These conditions may include weather extremes, high electromagnetic fields, high radiation fields, earthquakes, and the cumulative effects of aging on components, such as corrosion, dirt, and normal wear.
Testable : Before commission, the system or sub-system shall be checked and assurance to meet the requirements. Pre-test and on line test is necessary.
Fail Safe : In case of failure, the ACS shall maintain a safe condition.
Expansibility : The expansion and extension shall be reserved.
Configuration- control (revising and modify control)
Design Principles for ACS
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The Functional Structure
and Specification of ACS
When the secure area is opened or ACS is break down, beam should be off and machine must be shut down.
The ACS usually incorporate an extensive network of sensors (such as switches), signal distribution (wiring), logic, and outputs to numerous controlled devices (such as beam inhibiting devices and door locks).
All entrances into high radiation areas or rooms must have interlocks.
To control the access of High Radiation Area, the keys and combination are used.
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Implementation of Access Control System
Each safety interlock shall be on a circuit which shall allow it to operate independently of all other safety interlocks.
The caution signs, labels and warning devices around areas of high radiation must be designated.
An audible warming device shall be installed. An administrative announcement should be given
to convey the imminent start of the accelerator or a beamline so that personnel in these areas can recognize that the area is being swept (cleared of personnel) prior to receiving beam.
When a safety interlock system has been tripped, it shall only be possible to resume operation of the accelerator after the condition causing the interrupt has been corrected and reset by hand.
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Features of the Radiation Safety System (RSS)
Interlocked-type Access Control System LINAC, Booster, storage ring, Beamlines Some devices that can generate ionizing radiation not related to the
accelerator beam. (e.g. RF power, High electrical voltage, dark current)
The Safety envelope( Shielding, Fence)
Radiation Control System passive shielding The interlocked-type Radiation Monitoring System (RMS) The Operation EnveLop( OEL)
Beamline Radiation Safety System Optical & Experimental Hutches Heavy Metal Shutters, Photo Shutters
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Block Diagram of the TPS Radiation Safety System (RSS)
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Controlled Area of ACS
The TPS radiation controlled area will be divided into several regions with different levels of access authorizations: free, restricted, prohibited area.
An accelerator area will switch between at least two, access conditions:
machine off / no prompt radiation / free access.
machine on / high prompt radiation / personnel exclusion/ prohibited area
Intermediate controlled access state between the 2 conditions above./ restricted, area
The prohibited area of TPS will be divided into five exclusion regions
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Operation Status of ACS
According to the accelerator operating condition,Accelerator access control status can be divided into controlled entry/Shut down (Green light), limited entry/ Patrol inspection (Yellow light)
and prohibited entry/ In operation (Red light)
停機中Shutdow
n
巡視中Search
運轉中Run
The Safety Connection of ACS
Safety PLC
Integrated PLC
Server(Status
Log& Bulletin)
InterlockSensors
&
Devices
Hardwire
NetworkTo Control RoomFor Status Display
Status Data Log Server (PC)
Ethernet / EPICS
Ring ACS I LINAC ACS V
Status Monitor PC
PLC With DeviceNet
Small PLC With DeviceNet/EPICS
DeviceNet DeviceNet
DeviceNet
Safety PLC
Injection Device
Store Critical Device
HMI
HMIHMI
HMI
Operation Status
Search Check Buttons
Emergency Buttons
Secure Sensors
Operation Status
Search Check Buttons
Emergency Buttons
Secure Sensors
Ring ACS II
Ring ACS III
Ring ACS IV
Operation Status
Search Check Buttons
Emergency Buttons
Secure Sensors
Operation Status
Search Check Buttons
Emergency Buttons
Secure Sensors
Injection Device
Store Critical Device
Injection Device
Store Critical Device
Injection Device
Store Critical Device
IntraNet or Ethernet
IndustrialNetwork
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Some Importance Design Requirements about the use of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
Programmers shall use the nonvolatile memory. To avoid non-predictable interactions and non- testable condition when multiple applications are installed on a single computer, the more attention is suggested about placing on defense-in-depth against the propagation of common-cause failures within and between functions.
No external interferences, e.g., connection to external network, shall be not allowed. The system shall be completely isolated from such networks, including the World Wide Web.
The revision or upgrade should be controlled and secured. The redundancy requirements about hardware and software
should be achieved. The both normal and abnormal operation will be considered. A sufficient Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) system shall be
provided. The measures to watch program fails shall be taken.
Qualified and safety-rated PLC systems shall be used.
The Relationship of RSS and its Sub-systems
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Structure of Ring Tunnel Access Control System (RACS)
Ring Access Control System(RACS)
加速器環形隧道區門禁管制區 II
(RACS II)
加速器環形隧道區門禁管制區 III
(RACS III)
加速器環形隧道區門禁管制區 IV
(RACS IV)
Ring Access Control System I X2(RACS I)
Access Control System(RACS)
II
IIIIV
RF System
Stopper
Dipole Magnet
Audio Alarm
Status display
Illiumiation Control
Interlock Device
Injection Device
Store Critical Device
Audio Alarm
Status display
Illiumiation Control
Critical Device
Operation Status
Search Check Buttons
Emergency Buttons
Secure Sensors
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RSS Interlock Logic:Booster/Storage Ring
For Single Chain
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Structure of LINAC Access Control System (LACS)
Access Control System(ACS)
Hutch Access Control System(HACS)
Ring Access Control System(RACS)
LINAC Access Control System(LACS) X2
Interlock Device
Injection Device
Operation Status
Search Check Buttons Emergency Buttons
Machine Control System
Store Critical Device
Audio Alarm
Status display
Illiumiation Control
LINAC to BoosterBeam Stoppers
Secure Sensors
LINAC to Booster Dipole power
LINAC Electron Beam
LINAC RF System
Audio Alarm
Status display
Illiumiation Control
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RSS Interlock Logic: LINAC
For Single Chain
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Flow Graph of Radiation Safety Access Control System (RACS)
Function Diagram of Sub- Access Control System
LINAC Access Control System
(LACS) X2
Operation Status
Search Points
Seal Sensores
加速器環形隧道區門禁管制區 II
(RACS II)
加速器環形隧道區門禁管制區 III
(RACS III)
加速器環形隧道區門禁管制區 IV
(RACS IV)
Ring Tunnel Region I
(RACS I) X2
LINAC Electron Beam X2Audio Inform
Status Display
Illumination Alarm
II
IIIIV
Energency Buttons
Interlock Sensors
V
Interlock Controllers
Status Transfer
LINAC RF System X2
LTB Dipole Power Supply
LTB Beam Stopper
Booster RF system
Booster Dipole Power Supply
Storage Ring RF system
Storage RingDipole Power Supply
Beam Stoppers
Beamline Heavy Metal Safety Shutters
Interlock Device Interface Boxes
LINAC Electron Beam X2
LINAC RF System X2
LTB Dipole Power Supply
LTB Beam Stopper
Booster RF system
BoosterDipole Power Supply
Storage Ring RF system
Storage Ring Dipole Power Supply
Beam Stoppers
Beamline Heavy Metal Safety Shutters
Interlocked Beam Injection or
Store Critical Devices
LED or
LCD
NSRRC TPS Interlock Device Interface Box
EnableDevice Feedback1 Interlock
Interlock Input10 7 4
12
11 8
Power Switch
Power Inlet
Enable Trigger Output
背板
面板TPS加速器interlock-Device Interface Box外觀圖
2009.03.17 by CCR
Bypass
Interlock 01
1
5 2
9 6 3
Interlock 04
Interlock 03
Interlock 02
Interlock 05
Interlock 08
Interlock 07
Interlock 06
Interlock 09
Interlock 12
Interlock 11
Interlock 10
Device Feedback1
InterlockStatus
Operation Mode
LINAC Gun High Voltage
NSRRC TPS Interlock Device Interface Box : LINAC Gun High Voltage
FeedBack1
FeedBack2
FeedBack1
FeedBack2
Output
NSRRC TPS Radiation Access Interlock Syatem
Run
Power Switch
Power Inlet
背板
面板TPS加速器Radiation Access Interlock Controller外觀圖
2009.10.04 by CCR
Door I41
Door I12
Door M12
Door D11
Search Start
Emergency
Door Force Open
Search Completely
Pre-Run Alarm
Pre-Search Alarm
Ring Region I
NSRRC TPS Radiation Access Interlock System : Ring Region II
Input Hole24
Output Hole73
StausShutdown
05
04
03
02
01
09
08
0706
13 12 1110
I41
I02
M11
M12
D11
Exit Premit
Emergency15
Search 13Emergency14
Emergency13
Emergency 12Emergency 11
Search 12
Search 11
Search 14
I
Door M11
NSRRC TPS Radiation Access Interlock Syatem
Run
Power Switch
Power Inlet
背板
面板TPS加速器LINAC Radiation Access Interlock Controller外觀圖
Door D51 Search Start
Shield Block
Emergency
Door Force Open
Search Completely
Pre-Run Alarm
Pre-Search Alarm
Ring Region V
NSRRC TPS Radiation Access Interlock System : Ring Region II
Input Hole24
Output Hole73
StausShutdown
V D51Exit Premit
Search 51
Search 52Search 53
Search 54
Emergency51Emergency52
Emergency53Emergency54
Emergency55
國家同步輻射研究中心TPS加速器運轉門禁安全連鎖系統(Sub-Access Control System)邏輯圖(DRAFT)
Emergency 11Emergency 12Emergency 13Emergency 14
Door I41(x2)
Search Alarm(Key)
Door D11(x2)
Search Button 11
Search Button 12
Search Button 13
Search Button 15(L)
Door D11 Exit Permit
All Doors’ Key Rerturn
Search Complete
On for 3min
Delay 5min then on
Search Start
Status Display(Alarm)
Alarm Display (Emergency)
Display
Display
Display
Linac Gun Trigger : Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2, Status
Key Panel
2009.11.05ccr
On for 20min
Button 11 Display & Local Search Display and Local Audio Alarm(for 3min)
Interlock Output *4
Permitted Signal
Exit Bypass
Delay 3min then on
Door Force OpenDisplay
Display
Display
Display
Display
Door M12(x2)
DisplayDoor M11(x2)
Display
LINAC
Booster Ring
Storage Ring
Interlock Output *13
Linac Modulator High Voltage: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2,Status
RF System: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2, Status
Linac E-Gun High Voltage : Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2, Status
Beam Stopper: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifed, SatusDipole Power Supply: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2, Status
LTB Stopper: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifed, Satus
LTB Injection Button
Display
Display
Operation Status(Search)
Access Control System Display Controller
Access Control System Display Controller
BeamLine Heavy Metal Shutter: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifed, SatusSearch Pre-Alarm
(Illumination & Audio)
x3
(Posttion & Locked)
(Posttion & Locked)(Posttion & Locked)
(Posttion & Locked)
Button 12 Display & & Local Search Display and Local Audio Alarm(for 3min)
Button 13 Display && Local Search Display and Local Audio Alarm(for 3min)
Button 15 Display & & Local Search Display and Local Audio Alarm(for 3min)
Operation Status(RUN)
Run Pre-Alarm(Illumination & Audio)
Operation Status(Alarm)
Ring Tunnel
LTB Bending Dipole
BTS Injection Button
Operation mode (1:Decay 0:Top-Up)
RF System: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2, Status
Dipole Power Supply: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2, StatusBTS Bending DipoleBTS Stopper: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifed, Satus
Beam Stopper: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifed, Satus
x3
x3
x3
x3
x3
x2
Force In/Out (x6)
(Search Button:為無段開關)
(為無段開關)
Operation Status(Shutdown)
(Input 24/Output 19(Relayx1((21))
x5
x5
x5
(Output 32 (Relayx16)73) Total:(Input 24)
Timer
On for 3min
Timer
On for 3min
Timer
X
Z
Y
Selfhold Box R
Set in Controll Room: Search Alarm(Key)、All Doors Key Rerturn、Search Complete
Selfhold Box R
Selfhold Box R
ZZ
X Y
Selfhold Box R
Selfhold Box R
x
x
x
x
Y
Y
Y
Y
Z
Z
Z
Z
24V dc Access Interlock SystemInterlock Device
可不可以運轉設備運轉狀況 (閥門上方到位)(閥門下方到位)
24V dc
24V dc
連鎖設備運轉狀況偵測
連鎖設備運轉狀況偵測
Display
Emergency 15
(Posttion & Locked)Door I12(x2)
Search Button 14 Selfhold Box R
xY x3Z
Button 14 Display && Local Search Display and Local Audio Alarm(for 3min)
Selfhold Box R
x
Y
Z
Selfhold Box R
xY
Z
(Output 9(Relayx7((27)) (Output 4(Relayx8((25))
Selfhold Box R
x
YZ(為無段開關)
Every Switch musthas two independent packet safety loops include contract on/off and led signals.
TPS Radiation Safety Access Interlock System Pannels Instal led in Control Room
2009.10.24 by CCR
TPSRing Tunnel Status
RegionI
Shutdown
On
RegionII
Shutdown
On
RegionIII
Shutdown
On
RegionIV
Shutdown
On
TPSLINAC Status
RegionV
Shutdown
On
TPSRing Tunnel KeyBank
RegionI
Off
On
RegionII
Off
On
RegionIII
Off
On
RegionIV
Off
On
Master
Off
On
TPSLINAC
KeyBank
RegionV
Off
On
TPSLINAC
Search Complete
RegionV
RegionI
RegionII
RegionIII
RegionIV
TPSRing Tunnel
Search Complete
Master
Shutdown
On
TPSRing Tunnel KeyBank
國家同步輻射研究中心TPS加速器運轉門禁安全連鎖系統連鎖設備介面盒( Interlock Device Interface Box )邏輯圖(DRAFT)
Bypass Key
Linac Gun Trigger : Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2
2009.11.04 ccr
(Permitted Signal)
Storage :
Linac Modulator High Voltage: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2
RF System: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2
Linac Electron Gun High Voltage : Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2
Beam Stopper: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifedDipole Power Supply: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2
LTB Stopper: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifed
Interlock Device( X2)
Access Control System Display Controller
Heavy Metal Shutter: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifed
LTB Bending Dipole : Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2
RF System: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2 Dipole Power Supply: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2
BTS Bending Dipole: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2BTS Stopper: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifed
Beam Stopper: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifed
InterlocK 6 Display InterlocK 5 Display InterlocK 4 Display InterlocK 3 Display InterlocK 2 Display InterlocK 1 Display
InterlocK 7 Display
InterlocK 8 Display
InterlocK 9 Display
InterlocK 10 Display
InterlocK 11 Display
InterlocK 12 Display
Display (Operation Mode:Interlock/Bypass)
Status
EnableDisplay
LINAC InterlocK Devices :
Device Status Feedback 1Device Status Feedback 2
Access Control System Display ControllerDisplay
Access Control System Display ControllerDisplay
Ring InterlocK Devices : Booster :
BeamLine :Dipole Power Supply: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2
Output (A 接點 0n/Off)
Output (A 接點 0n/Off)
LINACLINAC Electron BeamLINAC RF SystemLTB Dipole LTB Beam StopperBooster/Ring TunnelRF systemDipole Power SupplyBeam StopperHeavy Metal ShutterTop-Up InterlockHall Probe (Dipole Setting)Beam stored (e.g. > 150mA)Beam stored (e.g. > 150mA)Injection Enable SignalInjection Enable SignalRadiation Monitor
24V dc
Interlock Device Interface Box of Radiation Interlock System
Interlock Device(Beam Inhibiting Device)
To Get the Operation Permission
Device Status (Shutter Lifted)
(Shutter Close) (Switch on/off)
24V dc
24V dcTo get the device Status
To get the Shutter Status
Give the enabling Signal (Clsoe for go)
24V dc
Interlock Device Interface Box of Radiation Interlock System
Interlock Device(Beam Inhibiting Device)
To Get the Operation Permission
Device Status (Shutter Lifted)
(Shutter Close) (Switch on/off)
24V dc
24V dcTo get the device Status
To get the Shutter Status
Give the enabling Signal (Clsoe for go)
Structure of Sub-ACS
The Layout about the Controlled Enclosures of TPS
The prohibited area will be divided into five exclusion regions.
The Logic Diagram of TPS Sub-ACS for Single chain
Emergency Buttons
Search Start (Key)
Sealed Blocks
Search Buttons
Delay 5min
OperationPermitted Signal
Doors Closes
Doors’ Key Return
Search Complete
Delay 3min
Search Alarm
Operation Alarm
The Interface Box ofThe Interface Box ofTPS Radiation Safety ACSTPS Radiation Safety ACS
Bypass Key
Linac Gun Trigger : Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2
(Permitted Signal)
Storage :
Linac Modulator High Voltage: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2
RF System: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2
Linac Electron Gun High Voltage : Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2
Beam Stopper: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifedDipole Power Supply: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2
LTB Stopper: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifed
Interlock Device( X2)
Access Control System Display Controller
Heavy Metal Shutter: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifed
LTB Bending Dipole : Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2
RF System: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2 Dipole Power Supply: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2
BTS Bending Dipole: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2BTS Stopper: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifed
Beam Stopper: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifed
InterlocK 6 Display
InterlocK 5 Display
InterlocK 4 Display
InterlocK 3 Display
InterlocK 2 Display
InterlocK 1 Display
InterlocK 7 Display
InterlocK 8 Display
InterlocK 9 Display
InterlocK 10 Display
InterlocK 11 Display
InterlocK 12 Display
Display (Operation Mode:Interlock/Bypass)
Status
EnableDisplay
Linac InterlocK Devices :
Device Status Feedback 1Device Status Feedback 2
Access Control System Display ControllerDisplay
Access Control System Display ControllerDisplay
Ring InterlocK Devices : Booster :
Beamline :Dipole Power Supply: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2
Output (A 接點 0n/Off)
Output (A 接點 0n/Off)
The Listing of TPS Interlock DevicesLINAC:LINAC Electron Beam X 2
LINAC RF System X2
LTB Dipole
LTB Beam Stopper
Booster/Ring Tunnel :RF system
Dipole Power Supply
Beamline Interlock :
Heavy Metal Shutter X48
Beamline Branch Shutter
Radiation Monitor X12
Safety and Operation Envelopes :Hall Probe or Dipole Setting
Beam Status ( ex. Beam stored > 150mA for Top-up)Beam Status ( ex. Beam stored > 150mA for Top-up)
Beam CurrentBeam Current
Injection Enable SignalInjection Enable Signal
Interlocked doors/gates, Door Keys
Emergency off, Forced In/Out
Beam Inhibiting or Terminate Device
★★★★
★ Critical or Injection Device
(Input)
Signal connections between ACS and Interlocked devices
Patrol Inspection (Search) Procedure
05
04
03
02
01
09080706
13
12
11
10
I41
I12
M11 M12
吊牆吊牆
D11Exit Premit
Emergency 15
Search 13
Emergency 14
Emergency 13
Emergency 12
Emergency 11
Search 12
Search 11Search 14
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The Search Procedure of LINAC Access Control System
LINAC temporary test site
100
3800
50
Safety Interlock Rack(19")
100
4000
120
770
3038
060
1280
100
100
500
550
30
160
222
172
200
488
100
120
540
225
200
175
200
Status Display
Check Point
Emergency Button
Position Sensor
Key Switch
Siren
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Thank you for your attention.
The End.Storage Ring
(1.51 GeV)
Booster Ring(1.51 GeV)
LINAC
Transport Line
Exit S6
CHK S1Exit S4
Exit Pe rmit
CHK S2
CHK S4
CHK S3
Door S8 & B4
CHK S5
CHK S6
Emergency Button
CHK B6
CHK B5
Exit Pe rmit Exit B4
Exit B2
CHK B2
CHK B1
Bending Magnet
Quadrupole Magnet
Pulsed Injection Magnet
Sextupole Magnet
RF Cavity
Insertion Device
Check Point or Door Exit Permit
TLS
TPS