RADAR COMPLEX IN THE PROJECT “LUNA-GLOB“ :

MONO- AND BISTATIC- RADIO LOCATION OF MOON

Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering

and Electronics of RAS

V.V. Abramov, Yu.F. Kvulinskiy

V.M. Smirnov, Alexander G. Pavelyev, V.N. Marchuk, S.S. Matyugov, O.V. Yushkova,

O.I. Yakovlev

Special Design Bureau IRE RAS

RADAR COMPLEXRADAR COMPLEX RLC-LRLC-L

Scientific goals of the experiment:

• research of deep structure of the Moon ground;

• detection and identifications of the large lunar subsurface structures;

• estimation of dielectric permeability of a lunar ground;

• localization of places with the increased conductivity;

• research of large-scale roughnesses of lunar surface;

• registration of the electromagnetic emission in circumlunar space.

RLC-L complex is developed in cooperation by Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of the Russian Academy of Science and Special Design

Bureau IRE RAS.

PI: Vladimir M. Smirnov <vsmirnov@ire.rssi.ru>

ACTIVE ACTIVE MONOSTATIC MONOSTATIC

LOCATIONLOCATION

BISTATIC LOCATIONBISTATIC LOCATION

MEASURING THE MEASURING THE INTENSITY OF INTENSITY OF

COSMIC RADIATIONCOSMIC RADIATION

The work modes The work modes

of RLC-Lof RLC-L

МARS-EXPRESS

MARS RECONNAISSANCE

ORBITER

FOBOS-SOIL

LUNA-GLOB

APOLLOAPOLLO 17 17

Armand N.A., Nielsen E., Axford W.I. et al. The long wavelength radar on the Mars 94 orbiter. Adv. Space Res. 1995. V.15(4). P.163.

Armand N.A., Marchuk, V.N., Smirnov V.M. The radar and other sensing Phobos soil in the project "Phobos-Grunt." Radio engineering and electronics. 2003. V.48. № 10. S.1186.

Yakovlev O.I., A.I. Efimov Bistatic reflection of radiowaves at 173.2 MHz from the Moon surface. Reports of RAS, 1967, 174(3), 583-585.

Tyler G.L., V.R. Eslhleman, Fjeldbo G. et al., Bistatic radar detection of lunar scattering centers with Lunar-Orbiter 1. Science, 1967, 157, p. 193.

Kaevitzer V.I., S.S.Matugov, A.G.Pavelyev, et al.: Power spectrum of decimetre radio waves reflected from the lunar surface obtained using radio signals of “Luna-19” satellites. Radio Engineering and Electronic Physic. 1974. V.19. No 5. P. 9-16.

Armand N.A., A.G.Pavelyev, A.I.Kucherjavenkov, D.Ya. Stern: Analysis of possibilities of investigations of the Moon and planets using space radio sources. Journal of Communication Technology and Electronics. 1986. V.31. No 8. P. 1620-1626.

Armand N.A., V.A. Andrianov, Breus T.K., et al., Investigation of Fobos and Mars by radio location methods. Moscow: Fobos, Scientific and methodological aspects of investigation.. 1986. p.327.

Leonard J. Porcello, Rolando L. Jordan, Jerry S. Zelenka and other The Appolo Lunar Sounder Radar System. //Proceedings of the IEEE. 1974. V.62. N6.

МARS-96

FOBOS-84

N.A. Armand, V.A. Andrianov, D.Ya. Stern Method for determining dielectric constant of the soil of the planet. Bulletin of the invention. - Patent number 002 272, 1993. - № 40. - p.152V.A . Andrianov, O.V. Yushkova inverse problem in subsurface soil probing planets .Vestn. Mosk. Univ. - 1995. – S.15 - N 1. - P4 - 7.

Giovanni Picardi, Jeffrey J.Plaut, et al. Radar sounding of the surface of Mars. // Science. 2005. V.310. P.1925. Seu R., Biccari D., Orosei, R. et al. SHARAD: The MRO 2005 shallow radar. //Planet Space Sci. 2004. №52. P.157

MAIN PUBLICATIONS

RADAR -200designed to investigate surface roughness and

granularity distribution of electrical characteristics of the upper ground layers at depths ranging from

a few to hundreds of meters Center frequency - 200 MHz,

deviation - 50 MHz

ACTIVE MONOSTATIC LOCATION

GEOMETRY OF THE PROBLEM

SC

MOON

RADAR -20It is intended to

characterize subsurface lunar ground to a depth

of several kilometers

Center

frequency - 20 MHz,

deviation - 5 MHz

BISTATIC LOCATIONBISTATIC LOCATION

GEOMETRY OF THE PROBLEM

E

AR

TH

Decametric wave transmitter

Performed with the assistance of terrestrial sources of radiation in the frequency range

RADAR - 20 Benediktov Е.А., Getmancev G.G., Mit’akov N.А., Rapoport V.А., Sazonov Yu.А., Tarasov A.F. Investigation of the near Earth space. Moscow. Science Ed. Наука, 1965, p. 581.

SC

Kilometric radiation source of the Earth

MOON

MEASURING THE INTENSITY OF COSMIC RADIATION

MOONAdvantages

Lunar VLF science:

0.1 to 10 MHz

*Between Earth’s ionospheric cutoff and heliosphere / Galactic free-free

cutoff

*Blocked from earth auroral emission

*RFI Protected “volume” (ITU 22.22 22.25)

*Easy maintenance: ‘cheap’, high tolerance electronics, no moving parts

SC

SUN

Formation scheme of of the reflected signal

D

Time delay between signals -

- ground permittivity c

ε=Δt

2D

ε

Reflected signal

ampl

itude

Spectrum of the signal reflected from the subsurface layer

from a homogeneous ground

from a layer of regolith

MHz

Method of radar-gramm construction

Propagation of radio signal in inhomogeneous ground

RADARRADAR BLOCK-SCHEMEBLOCK-SCHEME

COUPLER DUPLEXER

R

А T

ADC BM

MP CI

SLO CU PSU

GC

BTCА – Antenna;

SLO –Signal source and Local Oscillator;

T – transmitter; R – receiver;

CU – Control Unit;

CI – Communication Interface

BTC - Board Time Code;

GC - Guidance Control

MP– Micro-Processor;

PSU – Power Supply Unit;

ACD, BM- Analog-Digital Converter and Buffer Memory;

RLC-L BLOCK-SCHEME RLC-L BLOCK-SCHEME

RLC-LRLC-LANTENNAANTENNA BLOCK OF ELECTRONICSBLOCK OF ELECTRONICS

RADAR - 20RADAR - 20

ANTENNAANTENNA BLOCK OF ELECTRONICSBLOCK OF ELECTRONICS

RADAR - 200RADAR - 200

Technical characteristicsTechnical characteristics of RLC-LRLC-L

Technical characteristics Radar-20 Radar-200

- Range of accepted frequencies on the minus 3 dB level

17.5 up to 22.5 MHz 175 up to 225 MHz

- Bandwidth of intermediate frequency in an active location mode on the minus 3 dB level

5 KHz up to 5 MHz 5 KHz up to 5 MHz

- Bandwidth of intermediate frequency in a bistaticlocation mode on the minus 3 dB level

300 KHz

- radiated power, not less than-; 30 W 30 W

- radiated signal pulse, chirp signal pulse, chirp signal

- Duration of a radiated impulse 250 μs 250 μs

- Duration of registration of the accepted signal 350 μs 350 μs

- Repetition frequency, not less than 1 Hz 1 Hz

- Range of radiated frequencies on the minus 1 dB level

17 up to 23 MHz; 170 up to 230 MHz

- Average power consumption, no more then 20 W 20 W

ConclusionsRADAR COMPLEXRADAR COMPLEX RLC-L shall fulfill the next tasks:RLC-L shall fulfill the next tasks:1. Monostatic radiolocation of the Moon ground 1. Monostatic radiolocation of the Moon ground (especially back side) up to depth about of seven (especially back side) up to depth about of seven hundred meters.hundred meters.2. Bistatic radiolocation of the Moon by use of the 2. Bistatic radiolocation of the Moon by use of the Earth-based transmitter Sura up to depth about of Earth-based transmitter Sura up to depth about of one kilometer.one kilometer.3. Investigation of the auroral radio emissions of the 3. Investigation of the auroral radio emissions of the Earth, Jupiter and other planets by use of occultation Earth, Jupiter and other planets by use of occultation technique.technique.4. Investigation of radio emission of Sun and space.4. Investigation of radio emission of Sun and space.

Thank you for your attention!