Race & ethnicity 2012

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Race, Ethnicity & Gender DeBlij Chapter 5 AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

Transcript of Race & ethnicity 2012

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Race, Ethnicity& Gender

DeBlij Chapter 5AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

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Minorities in the US

Where do you think you would find the following minorities in the US?

– Hispanic Americans– African Americans– Native Americans (American

Indians)– Asian Americans– Arab Americans

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Where does the largest population of Iranian descent live in the US?

Los Angeles “Tehrangeles” 700,000 – 800,000 people

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GEOGRAPHY OF RACE

Rejecting the Color Line

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RedliningBlockbusting

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GEOGRAPHY OF RACE

• The term “race” originates in 16th cent. Europe– Skin color is not a

reliable indication of genetic closeness

Race is a political creation

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“Racial” ConflictThe Rwandan Genocide is often described as “racial” conflict

TutsiHutu

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“Racial” ConflictThe Yugoslav civil war is often described as “racial” conflict

Samira Hasanvasic, left, a Bosnian Muslim girl and her Serb friend Romana Stjepic, right,

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Ethnic Cleansing

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Apartheid – South Africa Jim Crow – United States

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Who is classified as

“black?”

Britain• Caribbean• Africa• Indian subcontinent

Russia• Chechens

Brazil• The poor

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Global Standards of Beauty

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Skin Tone in India

Aishwarya Rai

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Skin Whitening

Market is approximately worth $500 million in India alone

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Ethnicity• Distinctiveness based on shared cultural traits

– (history, cultural landscape, faith)

• Ethnic divisions can cause conflict:– Liberia (Afro-Liberians vs. Americo-Liberians)– Corsica (Corsicans vs. French)– Sri Lanka (Sinhalese vs. Tamils)

Ethnicity is based upon perceptionMost ethnic conflicts are between

people who have no “racial” differences

Armenian Genocide

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Northern IrelandWhich is the Catholic? Which is the Protestant?

Ian Paisley John Hume

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Ethnic Space• Cities Little Italy, Chinatown

etc.• Toponymy: New Orleans;

New York• Rural “ethnic islands”

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Ethnic Island

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Acculturation

What can save ethnic neighborhoods from acculturation?

•Cultural Revival•Cultural Linkage

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Immigration Intermarriage Cultural Revival

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Boston's oldest synagogue, the Vilna Shul on Beacon Hill, now serves as a cultural center and an informal place to experience Judaism. David Gerzof, 30, standing at the rear during a service, helps organize events at the shul.

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Quebec

• Canada a plural society– Historically,

Quebecers felt like “second class citizens”

– 1970’s Bloc Quebecois

– 1977 Businesses must function in French

– 1980’s Native Americans claim also be a “distinct society”

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GENDER

AREAS OF INEQUALITY• EDUCATION• WAGES• FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT• FORCED MARRIAGES• “HONOR” KILLINGS/DOWRY

DEATHS• PHYSICAL VIOLENCE• “GLASS CEILING”

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WOMEN IN SAUDI ARABIA

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Gendered Space (Gender Apartheid?)

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DEMOGRAPHY & HEALTH

• LONGEVITY GAP– Europe – Women outlive men by 7 yrs– Russia – Women outlive men by 12 yrs– Sub-Saharan African – Women outlive men by 2

yrs

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Maternal Mortality Rate (#Deaths Per 100,000 Live Births)

Country Mortality Ratio Lifetime RiskAfghanistan 1800 1 in 8US 11 1 in 4,800Iceland 4 1 in 12,700

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Female Infanticide (Gendercide?)

• India– 873 girls for every 1,000 boys born (New Delhi

• China– 1995 – 9/10 single 30 yr olds were male

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WOMEN IN IRAN

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WOMEN’S EDUCATION AS A RATIO TO MEN’S

Primary school enrolment and attendanceAfghanistan Male 66% Female 40%Nigeria Male 68% Female 58%Mexico Male 98% Female 97%Secondary school enrolment and attendanceNigeria Male 38% Female 33%Mexico Male 71% Female 70%Sweden Male 99% Female 99%

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CYCLE OF POVERTY

ARE USUALLYPOWERLESS IN

MARRIAGE(PROPERTY HELD BY

HUSBAND)

WOMEN IN SUBSAHARAN AFRICA…

WILL NOT GET LOANS FROM BANKS HELP

FROM GOVERNMENT

VIEWED AS THE LESS VALUABLE THAN BOYS &

OFTEN MARRIED EARLY (9-14

YEARS)

LACK BASIC EDUCATION BECAUSE THEYMUST

PERFORM HARD PHYSICAL LABOR TO MAINTAIN

HOUSEHOLD

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Female SuffrageWhen did women get the right to vote?

189319171918 (3 countries)19191920 193419441947 (3 countries)197119802005

New Zealand

Canada

Netherlands

USA

Cuba

France

Switzerland

Iraq

Kuwait

Argentina Pakistan

Japan

Germany

Russia

UK

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Female Suffrage1893 New Zealand 1917 Canada 1918 UK, Germany, Russia1919 Netherlands1920 US1934 Cuba1944 France1947 Japan; Argentina; Pakistan1971 Switzerland1980 Iraq2005 Kuwait

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ENFRANCHISEMENT – “The Vote”

GREATEST PARTICIPATION BY WOMEN IN GOVERNMENT – NORTHERN EUROPE

FEMALE POLITICAL LEADERS

MARGARET THATCHERBRITAIN

CHANDRIKA KUMARATUNGASRI LANKA

CORAZON AQUINOPHILIPPINES

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WOMEN’S ENFRANCISEMENT

PERCENTAGE OF SEATS IN PARLIAMENT OCCUPIED BY WOMEN IN 2008

SWEDEN 47%RWANDA 46%IRAQ 26% CHINA 21%

U.S. 17%JAPAN 14%IRAN

3%SAUDI ARABIA 0