Race And Housing

Race And Housing

Creating An American “Ghetto”

Creating An American “Ghetto”

What Is Segregation?

What Is Segregation?

How Segregated Are We?

How Segregated Are We?

How Does Segregation Happen?

How Does Segregation Happen?

What’s In A Name?

What’s In A Name?

Creating A “Ghetto”Creating A “Ghetto”

Take One All-Take One All-WhiteWhite

Suburban Suburban SubdivisionSubdivision

Average Value Of A House: Average Value Of A House: $250,000$250,000

Creating A “Ghetto”Creating A “Ghetto”

Working Class Black Working Class Black Families Can Move In. Families Can Move In. It Is Now A Mixed-Class It Is Now A Mixed-Class ““Black Neighborhood”Black Neighborhood”

Average Value Of A House: Average Value Of A House: $150,000$150,000

Creating A “Ghetto”Creating A “Ghetto”Average Value Of A House: Average Value Of A House:

$35,000$35,000

It Is Now A It Is Now A Radically Radically

Depressed Depressed NeighborhoodNeighborhood

What

Is

What

Is

Segre

gati

on?

Segre

gati

on?

SegregationSegregationThe degree to which various racial groups are distributed throughout a city or other residential environment in a way that, ultimately, limits both access and opportunity.

Imagine a city with 48 families in it where 8 (17%) of the

people are black

This version of that city would have total (100%) segregation.This version of that city would have zero (0%) segregation.

What

Is

What

Is

Segre

gati

on?

Segre

gati

on?

Diversity Experienced In Each Group’s Typical Neighborhood – National Metropolitan Average

(Lewis Mumford Center, University of Albany)

SegregationSegregationThe degree to which various racial groups are distributed throughout a city or other residential environment in a way that, ultimately, limits both access and opportunity.

What Are Minorities?What Are Minorities?

MinorityMinority is not a description is not a description of a group’s numerical of a group’s numerical

representation. It is really a representation. It is really a description of relative power description of relative power

and status in a society.and status in a society.

Hawaii (23% White)New Mexico (41% White)

California (40% White)Texas (45% White)

New York (49% white)Washington, DC (39% white)

San Diego (49% white)Las Vegas (48% white)

Albuquerque (42% white)Houston (40% white)

Miami (35% white)Los Angeles (32% white)

Honolulu (19% white)El Paso (13% white)

Data from US Census

What

Is

What

Is

Segre

gati

on?

Segre

gati

on?

Diversity Experienced In Each Group’s Typical Neighborhood – National Metropolitan Average

(Lewis Mumford Center, University of Albany)

SegregationSegregationThe degree to which various racial groups are distributed throughout a city or other residential environment in a way that, ultimately, limits both access and opportunity.

How

Did

(D

oes?

)

How

Did

(D

oes?

) This

Happen?

This

Happen?

• • White Flight?

White Flight?Four percent of Whites would move if there

were one Black family in their 15-house

neighborhood. That number jumps to 15 with 3

Black families? Five families? THIRTY PERCENT!

• • White Fight?

White Fight?In spite of the Fair Housing Act of 1968, between

In spite of the Fair Housing Act of 1968, between

60% and 90% of houses shown to Whites are never

60% and 90% of houses shown to Whites are never

shown to Blacks. “Steering” also persists.

shown to Blacks. “Steering” also persists.

• • Economics?Economics?Poor Blacks are as segregated as Blacks making more

Poor Blacks are as segregated as Blacks making more

than $50k a year. Latinos making minimum wage are

than $50k a year. Latinos making minimum wage are

more segregated than middle-class Latinos. Racial

more segregated than middle-class Latinos. Racial

segregation persists in even affluent suburbs.

segregation persists in even affluent suburbs.

• • Choice?Choice?Twenty-five percent of Blacks wouldn’t move into

Twenty-five percent of Blacks wouldn’t move into

an all-Black neighborhood. Seventy-

an all-Black neighborhood. Seventy-

seven percent would prefer

seven percent would prefer

a 50/50 neighborhood

a 50/50 neighborhood

Nam

es M

atte

r!

Nam

es M

atte

r!NeilNeil

BrettBrett

GregGreg

EmilyEmily

AnneAnne

JillJill

TamikaTamika

EbonyEbony

AishaAisha

RasheedRasheed

KareemKareem

TyroneTyrone

Emily Walsh and Brendan Baker

Emily Walsh and Brendan Baker

10 resumes to get one job callback

Lakisha Washington and Jamal Jones

Lakisha Washington and Jamal Jones

15 resumes to get one job callback

Resume quality matters: more labor market

experience, no employment holes, work while at school,

military experience, email addresses, honors

and awards, and computer

certificates lead to

callbacks

Even zip codes

matter: more White,

more educated,

higher average

income leads to more

callbacks