Rabies in the Slovak RepublicRabies in the Slovak RepublicUpdateUpdate

Prof. Jozef Bíreš, DVM. Sci.

CVO of the Slovak Republic

SCoFCAH, Brussels, 14.6.2013

SK SK rabiesrabies situationsituation --14.6.201314.6.2013

8/1/20138/1/2013 -- TheThe casecase confirmedconfirmed on on thethe territoryterritory ofof thetheSlovakSlovak RepublicRepublic by by perishedperished wildwild redred fox fox foundfound in in thethe areaareavillagevillage Petrova ( Petrova ( districtdistrict Bardejov, Bardejov, northnorth part part ofof thethe slovakslovakterritoryterritory, , veryvery closeclose to to thethe SK /PL SK /PL borderborder) ) afterafter 6 6 yearyear periodperiod( ( lastlast casescases in in thethe pastpast: : redred fox in August 2006 and by fox in August 2006 and by dogdog in in MayMay 20052005))

33 furtherfurther positivepositive casescases confirmedconfirmed exclusivelyexclusively by by redred fox in fox in MarchMarch 2013/April 2013; 2013/April 2013; locationlocation: : villagesvillages StebnStebníík, k, KruzlovKruzlovand Rokytov (and Rokytov (seesee mapmap), ), casescases locatedlocated veryvery closeclose to to eacheach otherother

Over and Over and aboveabove -- 3 3 casescases confirmedconfirmed in in MayMay 2013 2013 ( ( towntown Bardejov by Bardejov by martenmarten and and straystray dogdog) and ) and thirdthird casecase alsoalsoby by dogdog ((villagevillage Rokytov Rokytov –– seesee mapmap asas wellwell))

RabiesRabies casescases-- SK SK -- 20132013

SK SK rabiesrabies casescases 20132013-- localisationlocalisation

SK rabies cases 2013- localisation

SK SK rabiesrabies casescases 20132013-- furtherfurther informationinformation

CasesCases havehave beenbeen reportedreported to to thethe OIE OIE asas wellwell asas viavia ADNS ADNS reportreport

MeasuresMeasures adoptedadopted by DVFA Bardejov (on by DVFA Bardejov (on thethe spot) spot) accordingaccording to to thethe lawlaw on on veterinaryveterinary carecare validvalid in in thetheSlovakSlovak republicrepublic asas wellwell asas NationalNational programmeprogramme oof f rabiesrabies eradication in the Slovak Republiceradication in the Slovak Republic forfor yearyear 20132013

Oral Oral vaccinationvaccination ofof foxesfoxes –– springspring campaigncampaign performedperformedfromfrom 18. to 21. 18. to 21. ofof AprilApril 20132013

RabiesRabies casescases confirmedconfirmed: :

* 3 * 3 casescases occurredoccurred by fox: by fox: confirmedconfirmed beforebefore oral oral vaccinationvaccination ofof foxesfoxes and 1 and 1 casecase duringduring itsits realisationrealisation

* * RabiesRabies casescases by by dogdog and and martenmarten: : confirmedconfirmed afterafter itsitsperformingperforming

SequencingSequencing ofof thethe virusvirus

PreliminaryPreliminary resultsresults mademade by SK by SK referencereference laboratorylaboratory forfor rabiesrabies --SVI ZvolenSVI Zvolen

AccordingAccording to to scientificscientific publicationpublication ( ( classificationclassification) () (Bourhy, H., Kissi, B., Audry, L., Smerczak, M., Sadkowska-Todys, M., Kulonen, K., Tordo, N., Zmudzinski, J. F., Holmes, E. C. (1999): Ecology and evolution of rabies virus in Europe. Journal of General Virology, 80, 2545-2557) all field strains of rabies virus found in 2013 were standardized as a North-East Europe type ( NEE type).

At least 97 % homology to the virus already isolated in Russia

At least 99,9 % homology of the strains among themselves

Different field strain just identified in comparison with the strainsidentified in the past ( 27 field strains identified as a East Europetype ( EE type).

The Number of Positive Cases The Number of Positive Cases of Wild and Domestic Animals from 1993of Wild and Domestic Animals from 1993 to 20to 201313

in in thethe Slovak RepublicSlovak Republic( state ( state ofof playplay 14.6.2013)14.6.2013)

0 0 0 0 0 0 7

4 foxes1 marten2 dogs

Results of examination of wild and domestic animals

Wild animals Domestic animals

Red fox Other Dogs and cats Other

The total number of animals

Year Posit Negat Posit Negat Posit Negat Posit Negat Posit Negat Tested

2000 292 1416 13 164 66 793 4 69 375 2442 2817

2001 72 1027 4 116 11 674 0 62 87 1879 1966

2002 94 1452 3 130 16 713 1 80 114 2375 2489

2003 295 1791 13 159 43 676 3 72 354 2698 3052

2004

54 1563 6 109 3 660 1 50 64 2382 2446

2005 44 1767 2 126 4 654 0 42 50 2589 2639

2006 1 3630 0 105 0 485 0 21 1 4241 4245

2007 0 3751 0 86 0 445 0 31 0 4313 4313

2008 0 3422 0 77 0 484 0 25 0 4008 4008

2009 0 3203 0 86 0 391 0 28 0 3708 3708

2010 0 2922 0 42 0 323 0 16 0 3301 3301

2011 0 3264 0 60 0 279 0 20 0 3623 3623

Total855

29206

41 1260 143 6577 9 516 1048 37561 38607

+ 7 positive cases ( January- Jun 2013 ) : 4 by red fox , 1 by stray dog, 1 by dog and 1 by marten

Technical evaluation of the situation in Technical evaluation of the situation in the Slovak Republic in 20the Slovak Republic in 2012 / 12 / 20132013

(( updateupdate 31.5.2013) , 31.5.2013) , category: red foxcategory: red fox

Disease/speciesDisease/species TestTest Type Type of of testtest

Number of tests Number of tests District BardejovDistrict Bardejov

Number of testsNumber of testsSlovak RepublicSlovak Republic

Rabies/wildlife Rabies/wildlife red foxred fox

Virological Virological analysisanalysis(brain)(brain)

FATFAT160 / 0 posit.160 / 0 posit.

267/4 posit.267/4 posit.3369/ 0 posit.3369/ 0 posit.

2916/4 posit.2916/4 posit.

Rabies/wildlife Rabies/wildlife red foxred fox

SerologicalSerological

analysis analysis (blood)(blood)

ELISAELISA159/ 83 posit.159/ 83 posit.

18/7 posit.18/7 posit.2869/1062 posit.2869/1062 posit.

403/99 posit.403/99 posit.

Rabies/wildlife Rabies/wildlife red foxred fox

TTC marker TTC marker detectiondetection

(mandibula)(mandibula)TTCTTC

159/129 posit.159/129 posit.

18/14 posit.18/14 posit.2890/1845 posit.2890/1845 posit.

403/279 posit.403/279 posit.

1111

Measures adopted in case of a positive result –domestic (wild) animals I.

outbreak definiton

in the outbreak:

1. marking it with warning tables with wording „CAUTION RABIES !”

2. killing of susceptible animals which came into contact with an animal positive to the presence of rabies antigen

3. carrying out the registration of dogs and cats and protective vaccination of dogs, cats and other carnivore over 3 months of age which have not been vaccinated against rabies so far or since the last antirabic vaccination or re-vaccination period elapsed, provided that they did not come into contact or they did not have the possibility to come into contact with an animal positive to the presence of rabies antigen

-

Measures adopted in the case of a positive result –domestic (wild) animals II.

additional measure in the case of rabies

occurred by domestic animals: • to perform protective vaccination of susceptible domestic animals; it

will permit to use of the milk and other products obtained from them for the human consumption and feeding purposes only following gained immunity (this period will be stated based on the date ofvaccine manufacturer).

occurred by wild animals : • to perform protective vaccination of cattle, sheep and goats in

pasture and to stable the animals until gaining the immunity (this period will be stated based on the date of vaccine manufacturer).

DISTRIBUTION OF VACCINE BAITS FOR ORAL VACCINATION OF FOX POPULATION IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

IN THE YEAR 2013

Cases confirmed in 2013

Oral vaccination of foxes in 2012/spring campaign 2013

Lysvulpen por a.u.v., Bioveta a.s., CZ origin- modificated, attenuated rabies virus SAD Bern (+ TTC as indicator) given to bait

two seasonal campaigns (2012)/spring campaign 2013

spread by plain :

area 12 520 / 12 520 km2, 26/25 baits/1km2 , total 325 500/ 300 000 baits

spread by hand:

area 186 / 208 km2, near the towns, 18/18baits/1km2 total 3350 / 3750 baits

Proposals , further steps to be taken I.

To increase Nr. of animals to be tested for detection of antibodies and biomarker (TTC)

In addition:

1. To increase Nr. of baits per km2 spread by plane (from 25 up to 27 baits) for the autumn campaign

2. to perform spreading of vaccine by hand, targeted on the places close to the fox burrows (10-11 baits per burrow) in 4 risk regions of the Prešov District ( Bardejov, Stara Ľubovna, Svidnik, Prešov – see map - regions characterized by yellow only)

3. Update current eradication programme in relation to actual epidemiological situation regarding purchase and administration (application) of the parenteral vaccines to be given to animals in pasture (risk area)

Proposed extraordinary Proposed extraordinary vaccination campaign (Jun 2013)vaccination campaign (Jun 2013)

7 Cases of rabies confirmed in 2013

Territory in red+ yellow: district Prešov („air“vaccination)Territory in yellow: 4 regions in district Presov („hand“ vaccination)

Proposals , further steps to be taken II.

Cooperation and exchange of views between SK and PL experts

Enhancement of the awareness of the citizens regarding rabies, its characteristic as well as their obligation to report suspected cases ( newspaper, TV, radio, internet, posters)

Close cooperation and meetings of the official veterinary authorities with the hunters and hunting organisations (specially in the risk area)

ThankThank youyou forfor youryour attentionattention