8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

1/55

Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1 1

RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P.1546-1

Method for point-to-area predictions for terrestrial services in the

frequency rane !" M#$ to !""" M#$

(2001-2003)

The ITU Radioco!"ica#io" A$$e%&'

considering

a) #ha# #hee i$ a "eed #o *i+e *!ida"ce #o e"*i"ee$ i" #he ,&a""i"* o #ee$#ia&

adioco!"ica#io" $e+ice$ i" #he / a"d U/ %a"d$

%) #ha# o $#a#io"$ oi"* i" #he $ae o adace"# e!e"c' cha""e&$ #he de#ei"a#io" o

#he i"i! *eo*a,hica& di$#a"ce o $e,aa#io" e!ied #o a+oid !"acce,#a%&e i"#eee"ce d!e #o

&o"*-di$#a"ce #o,o$,heic ,o,a*a#io" i$ a a##e o *ea# i,o#a"ce

c) #ha# #he c!+e$ #ha# a,,ea i" A""ee$ 2 3 a"d 4 ae %a$ed o" #he $#a#i$#ica& a"a&'$i$ oe,eie"#a& da#a

noting

a) #ha# Recoe"da#io" ITU-R P.527 ,o+ide$ *!ida"ce o" #he ,edic#io" o ,oi"#-#o-aea

,a#h &o$$ o #he aeo"a!#ica& o%i&e $e+ice o #he e!e"c' a"*e 125 M/8 #o 30 9/8 a"d #he

di$#a"ce a"*e !, #o 1

700

%) #ha# Recoe"da#io" ITU-R P.452 ,o+ide$ *!ida"ce o" #he de#ai&ed e+a&!a#io" o

icoa+e i"#eee"ce %e#ee" $#a#io"$ o" #he $!ace o #he Ea#h a# e!e"cie$ a%o+e

a%o!# 0.: 9/8

c) #ha# Recoe"da#io" ITU-R P.61: ,o+ide$ *!ida"ce o" #he ,edic#io" o ,oi"#-#o-,oi"#,a#h &o$$ o #a"$-hoi8o" adio-e&a' $'$#e$ o #he e!e"c' a"*e a%o+e 30 M/8 a"d o #he

di$#a"ce a"*e 100 #o 1

000

d) #ha# Recoe"da#io" ITU-R P.1411 ,o+ide$ *!ida"ce o" ,edic#io" o $ho#-a"*e (!,

#o 1 ) o!#doo $e+ice$

e) #ha# Recoe"da#io" ITU-R P.530 ,o+ide$ *!ida"ce o" #he ,edic#io" o ,oi"#-#o-,oi"#

,a#h &o$$ o #ee$#ia& &i"e-o-$i*h# $'$#e$

recommends

1 #ha# #he ,oced!e$ *i+e" i" A""ee$ 1 #o 6 %e ado,#ed o ,oi"#-#o-aea ,edic#io" o ie&d

$#e"*#h o #he %oadca$#i"* &a"d o%i&e ai#ie o%i&e a"d ce#ai" ied $e+ice$ (e.*. #ho$ee,&o'i"* ,oi"#-#o-!i,oi"# $'$#e$) i" #he e!e"c' a"*e 30 M/8 #o 3

000 M/8 a"d o #he

di$#a"ce a"*e 1 #o 1

000 .

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

2/55

% Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1

&nne' 1

Introduction

1 The propaation curves

The ,o,a*a#io" c!+e$ i" A""ee$ 2 3 a"d 4 e,e$e"# ie&d-$#e"*#h +a&!e$ o 1 ; eec#i+e

adia#ed ,oe (e..,.) a# "oi"a& e!e"cie$ o 100 600 a"d 2 000 M/8 e$,ec#i+e&' a$ a

!"c#io" o +aio!$ ,aae#e$ $oe c!+e$ ee #o &a"d ,a#h$ o#he$ ee #o $ea ,a#h$.

I"#e,o&a#io" o e#a,o&a#io" o #he +a&!e$ o%#ai"ed o #he$e "oi"a& e!e"c' +a&!e$ $ho!&d %e

!$ed #o o%#ai" ie&d $#e"*#h +a&!e$ o a"' *i+e" e!ied e!e"c' !$i"* #he e#hod *i+e" i"

A""e 5 < 6.

The c!+e$ ae %a$ed o" ea$!ee"# da#a ai"&' e&a#i"* #o ea" c&ia#ic co"di#io"$ i" #e,ea#e

e*io"$ co"#ai"i"* co&d a"d a $ea$ e.*. #he No#h =ea a"d #he Medi#ea"ea" =ea. The&a"d-,a#h c!+e$ ee ,e,aed o da#a o%#ai"ed ai"&' o #e,ea#e c&ia#e$ a$ e"co!"#eed

i" E!o,e a"d No#h Aeica. The $ea-,a#h c!+e$ ee ,e,aed o da#a o%#ai"ed ai"&' o

#he Medi#ea"ea" a"d #he No#h =ea e*io"$. E#e"$i+e $#!die$ e+ea& #ha# ,o,a*a#io" co"di#io"$

i" ce#ai" aea$ o $!,e-eac#i+i#' %o!"ded %' ho# $ea$ ae $!%$#a"#ia&&' diee"#.

Thi$ Recoe"da#io" i$ "o# $,eciic #o a ,a#ic!&a ,o&ai8a#io".

% Ma'i(u( field strenths

The c!+e$ ha+e !,,e &ii#$ o" #he ,o$$i%&e +a&!e o ie&d $#e"*#h hich a' %e o%#ai"ed !"de

a"' co"di#io"$. The$e &ii#$ ae dei"ed i" A""e 5 < 2 a"d a,,ea a$ da$hed &i"e$ o" #he *a,h$e,od!ced i" A""ee$ 2 3 a"d 4.

! )o(puter-*ased ta*ulations

Aho!*h ie&d $#e"*#h$ a' %e ead diec#&' o #he c!+e$ ,e$e"#ed a$ i*!e$ i" A""ee$ 2 3

a"d 4 o #hi$ Recoe"da#io" i# i$ i"#e"ded #ha# co,!#e i,&ee"#a#io"$ o #he e#hod i&& !$e

#a%!&a#ed ie&d $#e"*#h$ a+ai&a%&e o #he Radioco!"ica#io" >!ea!. =ee #ha# ,a# o #he ITU-R

e%$i#e dea&i"* i#h Radioco!"ica#io" =#!d' 9o!, 3.

4 +tep-*y-step (ethod

The de#ai&ed $#e,-%'-$#e, ,oced!e #o %e !$ed i" #he a,,&ica#io" o #hi$ Recoe"da#io" i$ *i+e"

i" A""e 6.

5 ,esination of antennas

I" #hi$ Recoe"da#io" #he #e ?#a"$i##i"*@%a$e a"#e""a i$ !$ed #o dea& i#h %o#h #he co"ce,#

o #a"$i##i"* a"#e""a a$ !$ed i" #he %oadca$#i"* $e+ice a"d #he co"ce,# o %a$e $#a#io" a"#e""a

a$ !$ed i" #he #ee$#ia& o%i&e $e+ice$. =ii&a&' #he #e ?ecei+i"*@o%i&e a"#e""a i$ !$ed #o

dea& i#h #he co"ce,# o a ecei+i"* a"#e""a a$ !$ed i" #he %oadca$#i"* $e+ice a"d a o%i&e

a"#e""a a$ !$ed i" #he #ee$#ia& o%i&e $e+ice$.

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

3/55

Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1 !

6 Trans(ittin*ase antenna heiht

The e#hod #ae$ acco!"# o #he eec#i+e hei*h# o #he #a"$i##i"*@%a$e a"#e""a hich i$ #he

hei*h# o #he a"#e""a a%o+e #eai" hei*h# a+ea*ed %e#ee" di$#a"ce$ o 3 #o 15 i" #he diec#io"

o #he ecei+i"*@o%i&e a"#e""a. o &a"d ,a#h$ $ho#e #ha" 15 hee #he i"oa#io" i$a+ai&a%&e #he e#hod a&$o #ae$ acco!"# o #he hei*h# o #he #a"$i##i"*@%a$e a"#e""a a%o+e #he

hei*h# o e,e$e"#a#i+e c&!##e (i.e. *o!"d co+e) a# #he &oca#io" o #he #a"$i##i"*@%a$e $#a#io".

The #a"$i##i"*@%a$e a"#e""a hei*h# h1 #o %e !$ed o ca&c!&a#io"$ i$ o%#ai"ed !$i"* #he e#hod

*i+e" i" A""e 5 < 3.

Trans(ittin*ase antenna heihts used for curves

The ie&d $#e"*#h +e$!$ di$#a"ce c!+e$ i" A""ee$ 2 3 a"d 4 a"d #he a$$ocia#ed #a%!&a#io"$ ae

*i+e" o +a&!e$ o h1o 10 20 3:.5 :5 150 300 600 a"d 1 200 . o a"' +a&!e$ o h1i" #he

a"*e 10 #o 3

000 a" i"#e,o&a#io" o e#a,o&a#io" o #he a,,o,ia#e #o c!+e$ $ho!&d %e

!$ed a$ de$ci%ed i" A""e 5 < 4.1. o h1%e&o 10 #he e#a,o&a#io" #o %e a,,&ied i$ *i+e" i"

A""e 5 < 4.2. I# i$ ,o$$i%&e o #he +a&!e o h1#o %e "e*a#i+e i" hich ca$e #he e#hod *i+e" i"

A""e 5 < 4.3 $ho!&d %e !$ed.

/ Ti(e varia*ility

The ,o,a*a#io" c!+e$ e,e$e"# #he ie&d-$#e"*#h +a&!e$ eceeded o 50B 10B a"d 1B o #ie.

A e#hod o i"#e,o&a#i"* %e#ee" #he$e +a&!e$ i$ *i+e" i" A""e 5 < :. Thi$ Recoe"da#io" i$

"o# +a&id o ie&d $#e"*#h$ eceeded o ,ece"#a*e #ie$ o!#$ide #he a"*e o 1B #o 50B.

0 Mi'ed-path (ethod

I" ca$e$ hee #he adio ,a#h i$ o+e %o#h &a"d a"d $ea #he e$#ia#e o ied-,a#h ie&d $#e"*#h

$ho!&d %e ade !$i"* #he e#hod *i+e" i" A""e 5 < 7.

1" Receivin(o*ile antenna heiht

o &a"d ,a#h$ #he c!+e$ *i+e ie&d-$#e"*#h +a&!e$ o a ecei+i"*@o%i&e a"#e""a hei*h# a%o+e*o!"d h2 () e!a& #o #he e,e$e"#a#i+e hei*h# o *o!"d co+e ao!"d #he ecei+i"*@o%i&ea"#e""a &oca#io". The i"i! +a&!e o #he e,e$e"#a#i+e hei*h# o *o!"d co+e i$ 10 . o $ea

,a#h$ #he c!+e$ *i+e ie&d-$#e"*#h +a&!e$ o h2=10 . To a&&o o +a&!e$ o h2diee"# o #hehei*h# e,e$e"#ed %' a c!+e a coec#io" $ho!&d %e a,,&ied accodi"* #o #he e"+io"e"# o #heecei+i"*@o%i&e a"#e""a. The e#hod o ca&c!&a#i"* #hi$ coec#io" i$ *i+e" i" A""e 5 < .

11 Terrain clearance anle correction

o &a"d ,a#h$ i,o+ed acc!ac' o ,edic#ed ie&d $#e"*#h$ ca" %e o%#ai"ed %' #ai"* i"#o

acco!"# #eai" "ea #he ecei+i"*@o%i&e a"#e""a i a+ai&a%&e %' ea"$ o a #eai" c&eaa"ce

a"*&e. ;he" a ca&c!&a#io" o a ied ,a#h ha$ %ee" ade #hi$ coec#io" $ho!&d %e i"c&!ded i #he

ecei+i"*@o%i&e a"#e""a i$ adace"# #o a &a"d $ec#io" o #he ,a#h. Moe i"oa#io" o" #he #eai"

c&eaa"ce a"*&e coec#io" i$ *i+e" i" A""e 5 < 10.

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

4/55

4 Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1

1% ocation varia*ility

The ,o,a*a#io" c!+e$ e,e$e"# #he ie&d-$#e"*#h +a&!e$ eceeded a# 50B o &oca#io"$ i#hi" a"'

aea o #',ica&&' 200 %' 200 . o oe i"oa#io" o" &oca#io" +aia%i&i#' a"d #he e#hod o

ca&c!&a#i"* #he coec#io" e!ied o ,ece"#a*e$ o &oca#io" o#he #ha" 50B $ee A""e 5 < 11.

1! 2quivalent *asic trans(ission loss

A""e 5 < 14 *i+e$ a e#hod o co"+e#i"* o ie&d $#e"*#h o 1 ; e..,. #o #he e!i+a&e"#

%a$ic #a"$i$$io" &o$$.

14 3aria*ility of at(ospheric refractive inde'

I# i$ "o" #ha# edia" ie&d $#e"*#h a"d i#$ +aia%i&i#' o+e #ie +aie$ i" diee"# c&ia#ic

e*io"$. The ie&d $#e"*#h c!+e$ *i+e" i" A""ee$ 2 3 a"d 4 a,,&' #o #e,ea#e c&ia#e$. A""e *i+e$ a e#hod o ad!$#i"* #he c!+e$ o diee"# e*io"$ o #he o&d %a$ed o" #he +e#ica&

a#o$,heic eac#i+i#' *adie"# da#a a$$ocia#ed i#h Recoe"da#io" ITU-R P.453.

15 )o(pati*ility ith the u(ura-#ata (ethod

A""e : *i+e$ #he /a#a e!a#io"$ o ie&d $#e"*#h ,edic#io" o o%i&e $e+ice$ i" a" !%a"

e"+io"e"# a"d de$ci%e$ #he co"di#io"$ !"de hich #hi$ Recoe"da#io" *i+e$ co,a#i%&e

e$!$.

16 2quations for co(putin the land curvesA""e 7 *i+e$ e!a#io"$ a"d coeicie"#$ hich a' %e !$ed #o co,!#e #he &a"d c!+e$ i"c&!di"*

i"#e,o&a#io" o #a"$i##i"*@%a$e a"#e""a hei*h# h1i#hi" #he a"*e 10 #o 1200 .

&nne' %

7requency rane !" M#$ to !"" M#$

1 The ie&d $#e"*#h +e$!$ di$#a"ce c!+e$ $ho" i" #hi$ A""e ae o a e!e"c' o

100 M/8. The' a' %e !$ed o e!e"cie$ i" #he a"*e 30 M/8 #o 300 M/8 %!# #he ,oced!e

*i+e" i" A""e 5 < 6 $ho!&d %e !$ed #o o%#ai" i,o+ed acc!ac'. The $ae ,oced!e $ho!&d %e

!$ed he" #he #a%!&a#ed +a&!e$ o ie&d $#e"*#h +e$!$ di$#a"ce ($ee A""e 1 < 3) ae e,&o'ed.

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

5/55

Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1 5

% The c!+e$ i" i*$. 1 #o 3 e,e$e"# ie&d-$#e"*#h +a&!e$ eceeded a# 50B o #he &oca#io"$

i#hi" a"' aea o a,,oia#e&' 200 %' 200 a"d o 50B 10B a"d 1B o #he #ie o &a"d

,a#h$.

! The ie&d $#e"*#h di$#i%!#io" a$ a !"c#io" o ,ece"#a*e &oca#io" a' %e ca&c!&a#ed !$i"*

#he i"oa#io" i" A""e 5 < 11. =#a"dad de+ia#io" +a&!e$ hich ae e,e$e"#a#i+e o diee"##',e$ o $e+ice ae &i$#ed i" Ta%&e 1. >oad%a"d di*i#a& %oadca$#i"* $'$#e$ ha+i"* %a"did#h$ o

a# &ea$# 1.5 M/8 ae &e$$ $!%ec# #o e!e"c' de,e"de"# &oca#io" +aia#io" #ha" #he a"a&o*!e

$'$#e$.

TA>E 1

+tandard deviation of location variation at 1"" M#$

4 The c!+e$ i" i*$. 4 #o 7 e,e$e"# ie&d-$#e"*#h +a&!e$ eceeded a# 50B o #he &oca#io"$

o 50B 10B a"d 1B o #he #ie o $ea ,a#h$ i" co&d $ea$ a"d a $ea$ o ea,&e #ho$e

o%$e+ed i" #he No#h =ea a"d #he Medi#ea"ea" e$,ec#i+e&'.

5 I" aea$ $!%ec# #o ,o"o!"ced $!,e-eac#io" ,he"oe"a acco!"# $ho!&d %e #ae" o #he

i"oa#io" co"#ai"ed i" A""e 1 < 14.

6 The io"o$,hee ,iai&' #ho!*h #he eec#$ o $,oadic-E io"i8a#io" ca" i"&!e"ce

,o,a*a#io" i" #he &oe ,a# o #he / %a"d ,a#ic!&a&' a# e!e"cie$ %e&o a%o!# 0 M/8. I"

$oe cic!$#a"ce$ #hi$ ode o ,o,a*a#io" a' i"&!e"ce #he ie&d $#e"*#h eceeded o $a&&

,ece"#a*e$ o #he #ie a# di$#a"ce$ %e'o"d $oe 500 . Nea #he a*"e#ic e!a#o a"d i" #he

a!oa& 8o"e hi*he ,ece"#a*e$ o #he #ie a' %e i"+o&+ed. /oe+e #he$e io"o$,heic eec#$

ca" !$!a&&' %e i*"oed i" o$# a,,&ica#io"$ co+eed %' #hi$ Recoe"da#io" a"d #he ,o,a*a#io"

c!+e$ o #hi$ A""e ha+e %ee" ,e,aed o" #hi$ a$$!,#io". (Recoe"da#io" ITU-R P.534

,o+ide$ *!ida"ce o" $,oadic-E ,o,a*a#io".)

+ervice+tandard deviation

8d9:

>oadca$#i"* a"a&o*!e 7.3

>oadca$#i"* di*i#a& 5.5

Mo%i&e !%a" 5.3

Mo%i&e $!%!%a" o&&i"* hi&&$ 6.:

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

6/55

6 Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1

1546-01

1 200

600 300

150

:5

20

10

120

110

100

0

70

:0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

:0

70

10 100 1 000

h1F 1 200

h1F 10

1

Di$#a"ce ()

0ie&d$#e"*#h(d>(@))-o13;e..,.

50B o &oca#io"$

h2G e,e$e"#a#i+e c&!##e hei*h#

I9URE 1

1"" M#$; land path; 5"< ti(e

Mai! (ee $,ace)

Ta"$i##i"*@%a$e

a"#e""a hei*h#$ h1

3:.5

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

7/55

Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1

1546-02

1 200

600 300

150

:5

20

10

120

110

100

0

70

:0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

:0

70

10 100 1 000

h1F 1 200

h1F 10

1

Di$#a"ce ()

0ie&d$#e"*#h(d>(@))-o13;e..,.

50B o &oca#io"$

h2G e,e$e"#a#i+e c&!##e hei*h#

I9URE 2

1"" M#$; land path; 1"< ti(e

Mai! (ee $,ace)

Ta"$i##i"*@%a$e

a"#e""a hei*h#$ h1

3:.5

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

8/55

/ Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1

1546-03

1 200

600 300

150

:5

20

10

120

110

100

0

70

:0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

:0

70

10 100 1 000

h1F 1 200

h1F 10

1

Di$#a"ce ()

0ie&d$#e"*#h(d>(@))-o13;e..,.

50B o &oca#io"$

h2G e,e$e"#a#i+e c&!##e hei*h#

I9URE 3

1"" M#$; land path; 1< ti(e

Mai! (ee $,ace)

Ta"$i##i"*@%a$e

a"#e""a hei*h#$ h1

3:.5

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

9/55

Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1 0

1546-04

1 200

600 300

150

:5

20

10

120

110

100

0

70

:0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

:0

70

10 100 1 000

h1F 1 200

h1F 10

1

Di$#a"ce ()

0ie&d$#e"*#h(d>(@))-o13;e..,.

50B o &oca#io"$

h2F 10

I9URE 4

1"" M#$; sea path; 5"< ti(e

Mai! (ee $,ace)

Ta"$i##i"*@%a$e

a"#e""a hei*h#$ h1

3:.5

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

10/55

1" Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1

1546-05

1 200

600 300

150

:5

20

10

120

110

100

0

70

:0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

:0

70

10 100 1 000

h1F 1 200

h1F 10

1

Di$#a"ce ()

0ie&d$#e"*#h(d>(@))-o13;e..,.

50B o &oca#io"$

h2F 10

I9URE 5

1"" M#$; cold sea path; 1"< ti(e

Mai!

Ta"$i##i"*@%a$e

a"#e""a hei*h#$ h1

3:.5

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

11/55

Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1 11

1546-06

1 200

600 300

150

:5

20

10

120

110

100

0

70

:0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

:0

70

10 100 1 000

h1F 1 200

h1F 10

1

Di$#a"ce ()

0ie&d$#e"*#h(d>(@))-o13;e..,.

50B o &oca#io"$

h2F 10

I9URE 6

1"" M#$; cold sea path; 1< ti(e

Mai!

Ta"$i##i"*@%a$e

a"#e""a hei*h#$ h1

3:.5

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

12/55

1% Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1

1546-0:

1 200

600 300

150

:5

20

10

120

110

100

0

70

:0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

:0

70

10 100 1 000

h1F 1 200

h1F 10

1

Di$#a"ce ()

0ie&d$#e"*#h(d>(@))-o13;e..,.

50B o &oca#io"$

h2F 10

I9URE :

1"" M#$; ar( sea path; 1"< ti(e

Mai!

Ta"$i##i"*@%a$e

a"#e""a hei*h#$ h1

3:.5

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

13/55

Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1 1!

1546-07

1 200

600 300

150

:5

20

10

120

110

100

0

70

:0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

:0

70

10 100 1 000

h1F 1 200

h1F 10

1

Di$#a"ce ()

0ie&d$#e"*#h(d>(@))-o13;e..,.

50B o &oca#io"$

h2F 10

I9URE 7

1"" M#$; ar( sea path; 1< ti(e

Mai!

Ta"$i##i"*@%a$e

a"#e""a hei*h#$ h1

3:.5

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

14/55

14 Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1

&nne' !

7requency rane !"" M#$ to 1""" M#$

1 The ie&d $#e"*#h +e$!$ di$#a"ce c!+e$ $ho" i" #hi$ A""e ae o a e!e"c' o

600 M/8. The' a' %e !$ed o e!e"cie$ i" #he a"*e 300 M/8 #o 1

000 M/8 %!# #he ,oced!e

*i+e" i" A""e 5 < 6 $ho!&d %e !$ed #o o%#ai" i,o+ed acc!ac'. The $ae ,oced!e $ho!&d %e

!$ed he" #he #a%!&a#ed +a&!e$ o ie&d $#e"*#h +e$!$ di$#a"ce ($ee A""e 1 < 3) ae e,&o'ed.

% The c!+e$ i" i*$. #o 11 e,e$e"# ie&d-$#e"*#h +a&!e$ eceeded a# 50B o #he &oca#io"$

i#hi" a"' aea o a,,oia#e&' 200 %' 200 a"d o 50B 10B a"d 1B o #he #ie o &a"d

,a#h$.

! The ie&d $#e"*#h di$#i%!#io" a$ a !"c#io" o ,ece"#a*e &oca#io" a' %e ca&c!&a#ed !$i"*

#he i"oa#io" i" A""e 5 < 11. =#a"dad de+ia#io" +a&!e$ hich ae e,e$e"#a#i+e o diee"##',e$ o $e+ice ae &i$#ed i" Ta%&e 2. >oad%a"d di*i#a& %oadca$#i"* $'$#e$ ha+i"* %a"did#h$ o

a# &ea$# 1.5 M/8 ae &e$$ $!%ec# #o e!e"c' de,e"de"# &oca#io" +aia#io" #ha" #he a"a&o*!e

$'$#e$.

TA>E 2

+tandard deviation of location variation at 6"" M#$

4 The c!+e$ i" i*$. 12 #o 16 e,e$e"# ie&d-$#e"*#h +a&!e$ eceeded a# 50B o #he

&oca#io"$ a"d o 50B 10B a"d 1B o #he #ie o $ea ,a#h$ i" co&d $ea$ a"d a $ea$ o

ea,&e #ho$e o%$e+ed i" #he No#h =ea a"d #he Medi#ea"ea" e$,ec#i+e&'.

5 I" aea$ $!%ec# #o ,o"o!"ced $!,e-eac#io" ,he"oe"a acco!"# $ho!&d %e #ae" o #he

i"oa#io" co"#ai"ed i" A""e 1 < 14.

+ervice+tandard deviation

8d9:

>oadca$#i"* a"a&o*!e .5

>oadca$#i"* di*i#a& 5.5

Mo%i&e !%a" 6.2

Mo%i&e $!%!%a" o&&i"* hi&&$ :.

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

15/55

Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1 15

1546-0

1 200

600 300

150

:5

20

10

120

110

100

0

70

:0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

:0

70

10 100 1 000

h1F 1 200

h1F 10

1

Di$#a"ce ()

0ie&d$#e"*#h(d>(@))-o13;e..,.

50B o &oca#io"$

h2G e,e$e"#a#i+e c&!##e hei*h#

I9URE

6"" M#$; land path; 5"< ti(e

Mai! (ee $,ace)

Ta"$i##i"*@%a$e

a"#e""a hei*h#$ h1

3:.5

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

16/55

16 Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1

1546-10

1 200

600 300

150

:5

20

10

120

110

100

0

70

:0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

:0

70

10 100 1 000

h1F 1 200

h1F 10

1

Di$#a"ce ()

0ie&d$#e"*#h(d>(@))-o13;e..,.

50B o &oca#io"$

h2G e,e$e"#a#i+e c&!##e hei*h#

I9URE 10

6"" M#$; land path; 1"< ti(e

Mai! (ee $,ace)

Ta"$i##i"*@%a$e

a"#e""a hei*h#$ h1

3:.5

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

17/55

Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1 1

1546-11

1 200

600 300

150

:5

20

10

120

110

100

0

70

:0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

:0

70

10 100 1 000

h1F 1 200

h1F 10

1

Di$#a"ce ()

0ie&d$#e"*#h(d>(@))-o13;e..,.

50B o &oca#io"$

h2G e,e$e"#a#i+e c&!##e hei*h#

I9URE 11

6"" M#$; land path; 1< ti(e

Mai! (ee $,ace)

Ta"$i##i"*@%a$e

a"#e""a hei*h#$ h1

3:.5

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

18/55

1/ Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1

1546-12

1 200

600 300

150

:5

20

10

120

110

100

0

70

:0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

:0

70

10 100 1 000

h1F 1 200 h1F 10

1

Di$#a"ce ()

0ie&d$#e"*#h(d>(@))-o13;e..,.

50B o &oca#io"$

h2F 10

I9URE 12

6"" M#$; sea path; 5"< ti(e

Mai! (ee $,ace)

Ta"$i##i"*@%a$e

a"#e""a hei*h#$ h1

3:.5

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

19/55

Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1 10

1546-13

1 200

600 300

150

:5

20

10

120

110

100

0

70

:0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

:0

70

10 100 1 000

h1F 1 200

h1F 10

1

Di$#a"ce ()

0ie&d$#e"*#h(d>(@))-o13;e..,.

50B o &oca#io"$

h2F 10

I9URE 13

6"" M#$; cold sea path; 1"< ti(e

Mai!

Ta"$i##i"*@%a$e

a"#e""a hei*h#$ h1

3:.5

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

20/55

%" Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1

1546-14

1 200

600 300

150

:5

20

10

120

110

100

0

70

:0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

:0

70

10 100 1 000

h1F 1 200 h1F 10

1

Di$#a"ce ()

0ie&d$#e"*#h(d>(@))-o13;e..,.

50B o &oca#io"$

h2F 10

I9URE 14

6"" M#$; cold sea path; 1< ti(e

Mai!

Ta"$i##i"*@%a$e

a"#e""a hei*h#$ h1

3:.5

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

21/55

Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1 %1

1546-15

1 200

600 300

150

:5

20

10

120

110

100

0

70

:0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

:0

70

10 100 1 000

h1F 1 200

h1F 10

1

Di$#a"ce ()

0ie&d$#e"*#h(d>(@))-o13;e..,.

50B o &oca#io"$

h2F 10

I9URE 15

6"" M#$; ar( sea path; 1"< ti(e

Mai!

Ta"$i##i"*@%a$e

a"#e""a hei*h#$ h1

3:.5

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

22/55

%% Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1

1546-16

1 200

600 300

150

:5

20

10

120

110

100

0

70

:0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

:0

70

10 100 1 000

h1F 1 200

h1F 10

1

Di$#a"ce ()

0ie&d$#e"*#h(d>(@))-o13;e..,.

50B o &oca#io"$

h2F 10

I9URE 16

6"" M#$; ar( sea path; 1< ti(e

Mai!

Ta"$i##i"*@%a$e

a"#e""a hei*h#$ h1

3:.5

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

23/55

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

24/55

%4 Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1

1546-1:

1 200

600 300

150

:5

20

10

120

110

100

0

70

:0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

:0

70

10 100 1 000

h1F 1 200

h1F 10

1

Di$#a"ce ()

0ie&d$#e"*#h(d>(@))-o13;e..,.

50B o &oca#io"$

h2G e,e$e"#a#i+e c&!##e hei*h#

I9URE 1:

% """ M#$; land path; 5"< ti(e

Mai! (ee $,ace)

Ta"$i##i"*@%a$e

a"#e""a hei*h#$ h1

3:.5

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

25/55

Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1 %5

1546-17

1 200

600 300

150

:5

20

10

120

110

100

0

70

:0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

:0

70

10 100 1 000

h1F 1 200

h1F 10

1

Di$#a"ce ()

0ie&d$#e"*#h(d>(@))-o13;e..,.

50B o &oca#io"$

h2G e,e$e"#a#i+e c&!##e hei*h#

I9URE 17

% """ M#$; land path; 1"< ti(e

Mai! (ee $,ace)

Ta"$i##i"*@%a$e

a"#e""a hei*h#$ h1

3:.5

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

26/55

%6 Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1

1546-1

1 200

600 300

150

:5

20

10

120

110

100

0

70

:0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

:0

70

10 100 1 000

h1F 1 200

h1F 10

1

Di$#a"ce ()

0ie&d$#e"*#h(d>(@))-o13;e..,.

50B o &oca#io"$

h2G e,e$e"#a#i+e c&!##e hei*h#

I9URE 1

% """ M#$; land path; 1< ti(e

Mai! (ee $,ace)

Ta"$i##i"*@%a$e

a"#e""a hei*h#$ h1

3:.5

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

27/55

Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1 %

1546-20

1 200

600 300

150

:5

20

10

120

110

100

0

70

:0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

:0

70

10 100 1 000

h1F 1 200

h1F 10

1

Di$#a"ce ()

0ie&d$#e"*#h(d>(@))-o13;e..,.

50B o &oca#io"$

h2F 10

I9URE 20

% """ M#$; sea path; 5"< ti(e

Mai! (ee $,ace)

Ta"$i##i"*@%a$e

a"#e""a hei*h#$ h1

3:.5

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

28/55

%/ Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1

1546-21

1 200

600 300

150

:5

20

10

120

110

100

0

70

:0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

:0

70

10 100 1 000

h1F 1 200

h1F 10

1

Di$#a"ce ()

0ie&d$#e"*#h(d>(@))-o13;e..,.

50B o &oca#io"$

h2F 10

I9URE 21

% """ M#$; cold sea path; 1"< ti(e

Mai!

Ta"$i##i"*@%a$e

a"#e""a hei*h#$ h1

3:.5

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

29/55

Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1 %0

1546-22

120

110

100

0

70

:0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

:0

70

10 100 1 0001

Di$#a"ce ()

0ie&d$#e"*#h(d>(@))-o13;e..,.

50B o &oca#io"$

h2F 10

I9URE 22

% """ M#$; cold sea path; 1< ti(e

Mai!

The $i"*&e $o&id

c!+e e,e$e"#$a&& +a&!e$ oh1 o10 #o 1 200

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

30/55

!" Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1

1546-23

1 200

600 300

150

:5

20

10

120

110

100

0

70

:0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

:0

70

10 100 1 000

h1F 1 200

h1F 10

1

Di$#a"ce ()

0ie&d$#e"*#h(d>(@))-o13;e..,.

50B o &oca#io"$

h2F 10

I9URE 23

% """ M#$; ar( sea path; 1"< ti(e

Mai!

Ta"$i##i"*@%a$e

a"#e""a hei*h#$ h1

3:.5

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

31/55

Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1 !1

1546-24

120

110

100

0

70

:0

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

:0

70

10 100 1 0001

Di$#a"ce ()

0ie&d$#e"*#h(d>(@))-o13;e..,.

50B o &oca#io"$

h2F 10

I9URE 24

% """ M#$; ar( sea path; 1< ti(e

Mai!

The $i"*&e $o&id

c!+e e,e$e"#$a&& +a&!e$ oh1 o10 #o 1 200

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

32/55

!% Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1

&nne' 5

&dditional infor(ation and (ethods for

i(ple(entin the prediction (ethod

1 Introduction

Thi$ A""e de$ci%e$ $e,aa#e $#a*e$ o #he ca&c!&a#io". A $#e,-%'-$#e, de$ci,#io" o #he o+ea&&

e#hod i$ *i+e" i" A""e 6.

% Ma'i(u( field-strenth values

A ie&d $#e"*#h !$# "o# eceed a ai! +a&!eEmax*i+e" %'G

Emax =Efs d>(@) o &a"d ,a#h$ (1a)

Emax =Efs+Ese d>(@) o $ea ,a#h$ (1%)

heeEfsi$ #he ee $,ace ie&d $#e"*#h o 1 ; e..,. *i+e" %'G

Efs = 106. 20 &o* (d) d>(@)

(2)

a"dEsei$ a" e"ha"cee"# o $ea c!+e$ *i+e" %'G

Ese = 2.37 H1 e,(d @ 7.4) &o*(50@t) d> (3)

heeG

dG di$#a"ce ()

tG ,ece"#a*e #ie.

I" ,i"ci,&e a"' coec#io" hich i"cea$e$ a ie&d $#e"*#h !$# "o# %e a&&oed #o ,od!ce +a&!e$

*ea#e #ha" #he$e &ii#$ o #he ai&' o c!+e$ a"d di$#a"ce co"ce"ed. /oe+e &ii#a#io" #o

ai! +a&!e$ $ho!&d %e a,,&ied o"&' hee i"dica#ed i" A""e 6.

! ,eter(ination of trans(ittin*ase antenna heiht; h1

The #a"$i##i"*@%a$e a"#e""a hei*h# h1 #o %e !$ed i" ca&c!&a#io" de,e"d$ o" #he #',e a"d &e"*#h o#he ,a#h a"d o" +aio!$ i#e$ o hei*h# i"oa#io" hich a' "o# a&& %e a+ai&a%&e.

o $ea ,a#h$ h1i$ #he hei*h# o #he a"#e""a a%o+e $ea &e+e&.

o &a"d ,a#h$ #he eec#i+e hei*h# o #he #a"$i##i"*@%a$e a"#e""a heff i$ dei"ed a$ i#$ hei*h# i"

e#e$ o+e #he a+ea*e &e+e& o #he *o!"d %e#ee" di$#a"ce$ o 3 a"d 15 o #he

#a"$i##i"*@%a$e a"#e""a i" #he diec#io" o #he ecei+i"*@o%i&e a"#e""a. ;hee #he +a&!e o

eec#i+e #a"$i##i"*@%a$e a"#e""a hei*h# heff i$ "o# "o" i# $ho!&d %e e$#ia#ed o *e"ea&

*eo*a,hic i"oa#io". Thi$ Recoe"da#io" i$ "o# +a&id he" #he #a"$i##i"*@%a$e a"#e""a i$

%e&o #he hei*h# o $!o!"di"* c&!##e.

The +a&!e o h1#o %e !$ed i" ca&c!&a#io" $ho!&d %e o%#ai"ed !$i"* #he e#hod *i+e" i" < 3.1 3.2 o

i" < 3.3 a$ a,,o,ia#e.

1000

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

33/55

Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1 !!

!.1 and paths shorter than 15 (

o &a"d ,a#h$ &e$$ #ha" 15 o"e o #he o&&oi"* #o e#hod$ $ho!&d %e !$edG

!.1.1 Terrain infor(ation not availa*le

;hee "o #eai" i"oa#io" i$ a+ai&a%&e he" ,o,a*a#io" ,edic#io"$ ae %ei"* ade #he +a&!e

o h1i$ ca&c!&a#ed accodi"* #o ,a#h &e"*#h da$ o&&o$G

h1 = ha o d3 (4)

h1 = ha+(heffha) (d3) @ 12 o 3 J dJ 15 (5)

hee hai$ #he a"#e""a hei*h# a%o+e *o!"d (e.*. hei*h# o #he a$#).

!.1.% Terrain infor(ation availa*le

;hee #eai" i"oa#io" i$ a+ai&a%&e he" ,o,a*a#io" ,edic#io"$ ae %ei"* adeG

h1 = hb (6)

hee hbi$ #he hei*h# o #he a"#e""a a%o+e #eai" hei*h# a+ea*ed %e#ee" 0.2da"d d.

!.% and paths of 15 ( or loner

o #he$e ,a#h$G

h1 = heff (:)

!.! +ea paths

The co"ce,# o h1o a" a&&-$ea ,a#h i$ #ha# i# e,e$e"#$ #he ,h'$ica& hei*h# o #he a"#e""a a%o+e #he$!ace o #he $ea. Thi$ Recoe"da#io" i$ "o# e&ia%&e i" #he ca$e o a $ea ,a#h o h1+a&!e$ &e$$

#ha" a%o!# 3 a"d a" a%$o&!#e &oe &ii# o 1 $ho!&d %e o%$e+ed.

4 &pplication of trans(ittin*ase antenna heiht; h1

The +a&!e o h1co"#o&$ hich c!+e o c!+e$ ae $e&ec#ed o hich #o o%#ai" ie&d-$#e"*#h

+a&!e$ a"d #he i"#e,o&a#io" o e#a,o&a#io" hich a' %e "ece$$a'. The o&&oi"* ca$e$ ae

di$#i"*!i$hed.

4.1 Trans(ittin*ase antenna heiht; h1; in the rane 1" ( to !

""" (I #he +a&!e o h1coi"cide$ i#h o"e o #he ei*h# hei*h#$ o hich c!+e$ ae ,o+ided "ae&' 10

20 3:.5 :5 150 300 600 o 1

200 #he e!ied ie&d $#e"*#h a' %e o%#ai"ed diec#&' o #he

,&o##ed c!+e$ o #he a$$ocia#ed #a%!&a#io"$. O#hei$e #he e!ied ie&d $#e"*#h $ho!&d %e

i"#e,o&a#ed o e#a,o&a#ed o ie&d $#e"*#h$ o%#ai"ed o #o c!+e$ !$i"*G

E =Einf +(EsupEinf) &o* (h1 @ hinf) @ &o* (hsup @ hinf) d>(@) (7)

heeG

hinfG 600 i h1K 1200 o#hei$e #he "eae$# "oi"a& eec#i+e hei*h# %e&o h1

hsupG 1200 i h1K 1 200 o#hei$e #he "eae$# "oi"a& eec#i+e hei*h# a%o+e

h1

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

34/55

!4 Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1

EinfG ie&d-$#e"*#h +a&!e o hinfa# #he e!ied di$#a"ce

EsupG ie&d-$#e"*#h +a&!e o hsupa# #he e!ied di$#a"ce.

The ie&d $#e"*#h e$!i"* o e#a,o&a#io" o h1K 1200 $ho!&d %e &ii#ed i "ece$$a' $!ch

#ha# i# doe$ "o# eceed #he ai! dei"ed i" < 2.

Thi$ Recoe"da#io" i$ "o# +a&id o h1K 3000 .

4.% Trans(ittin*ase antenna heiht; h1; in the rane " ( to 1" (

The e#hod he" h1i$ &e$$ #ha" 10 de,e"d$ o" he#he #he ,a#h i$ o+e &a"d o $ea.

For a land path:

The ,oced!e o e#a,o&a#i"* ie&d $#e"*#h a# a e!ied di$#a"ce d o +a&!e$ o h1 i" #hea"*e 0 #o 10 i$ %a$ed o" $oo#h-Ea#h hoi8o" di$#a"ce$ () i##e" a$ 1.4)( hhdH =

hee hi$ #he e!ied +a&!e o #a"$i##i"*@%a$e a"#e""a hei*h# h1().

o dJ dH(h1) #he ie&d $#e"*#h i$ *i+e" %' #he 10 hei*h# c!+e a# i#$ hoi8o" di$#a"ce ,&!$E

hee E i$ #he diee"ce i" ie&d $#e"*#h$ o" #he 10 hei*h# c!+e a# di$#a"ce$ da"d #he h1hoi8o" di$#a"ce.

o ddH(h1) #he ie&d $#e"*#h i$ *i+e" %' #he 10 hei*h# c!+e a# di$#a"ce d%e'o"d i#$ hoi8o"di$#a"ce hee di$ #he diee"ce %e#ee" da"d #he h1hoi8o" di$#a"ce.

Thi$ a' %e e,e$$ed i" #he o&&oi"* o!&ae hee E10(d) i$ #he ie&d $#e"*#h (d>(@))#ae" o #he 10 hei*h# c!+e o a di$#a"ce d()G

E =E10(dH

(10)) +E10(d) E10(dH

(h1)) d>(@) o dJ dH(h1) (a)

=E10(dH(10) +ddH(h1)) d>(@) o ddH

(h1) (%)

I i" e!a#io" (%) dH(10) +ddH(h1) eceed$ 1000 e+e" #ho!*h d 1000 Ea' %eo!"d o &i"ea e#a,o&a#io" o &o* (di$#a"ce) o #he c!+e *i+e" %'G

E =Einf +(EsupEinf) &o* (d @Dinf) @ &o* (Dsup@Dinf) d>(@) (c)

heeG

DinfG ,e"!ia#e #a%!&a#io" di$#a"ce ()

DsupG i"a& #a%!&a#io" di$#a"ce ()

EinfG ie&d $#e"*#h a# ,e"!ia#e #a%!&a#io" di$#a"ce (d>(@))

EsupG ie&d $#e"*#h a# i"a& #a%!&a#io" di$#a"ce (d>(@)).

No#e #ha# #hi$ Recoe"da#io" i$ "o# +a&id o di$#a"ce$ *ea#e #ha" 1000 . E!a#io" (c)

$ho!&d %e !$ed o"&' o e#a,o&a#i"* o h1J 10 .

For a sea path:

No#e #ha# o a $ea ,a#h h1$ho!&d "o# %e &e$$ #ha" 1 . The ,oced!e e!ie$ #he di$#a"ce a# hich

#he ,a#h ha$ 0.6 o #he i$# e$"e& 8o"e !$# !"o%$#!c#ed %' #he $ea $!ace. Thi$ i$ *i+e" %'G

Dh1 =D06(f h1 10) (10a)

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

35/55

Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1 !5

hee #he !"c#io"D06i$ dei"ed i" < 15.

I dKDh1 i# i&& %e "ece$$a' #o a&$o ca&c!&a#e #he 0.6 e$"e& c&eaa"ce di$#a"ce o a $ea ,a#h

hee #he #a"$i##i"*@%a$e a"#e""a hei*h# i$ 20 *i+e" %'G

D20 =D06(f 20 10) (10%)

The ie&d $#e"*#h o #he e!ied di$#a"ce d a"d +a&!e o h1 i$ #he" *i+e" %'G

E F Emax d>(@) o dDh1 (11a)

F EDh1+(ED20EDh1) &o* (d @Dh1) @ &o* (D20 @Dh1) d>(@) o Dh1J dJD20 (11%)

F E'(1 Fs) +E''Fs d>(@) o dD20 (11c)

heeG

EmaxG ai! ie&d $#e"*#h a# #he e!ied di$#a"ce *i+e" i" < 2

EDh1G Emaxo di$#a"ceDh1a$ *i+e" i" < 2

ED20= E10(D20) +(E20(D20) E10(D20)) &o* (h1@10)@&o* (20@10)

E10(x)G ie&d $#e"*#h o h1=10 i"#e,o&a#ed o di$#a"cex

E20(x)G ie&d $#e"*#h o h1=20 i"#e,o&a#ed o di$#a"cex

E'= E10(d) L (E20(d) E10(d)) &o* (h1@10)@&o* (20@10)

E''

G ie&d $#e"*#h o di$#a"ce dca&c!&a#ed !$i"* #he e#hod o &a"d ,a#h$ *i+e"

a%o+e

FS= (dD20)@d.

4.! =eative values of trans(ittin*ase antenna heiht; h1

o &a"d ,a#h$ i# i$ ,o$$i%&e o #he eec#i+e #a"$i##i"*@%a$e a"#e""a hei*h# heff#o ha+e a "e*a#i+e

+a&!e $i"ce i# i$ %a$ed o" #he a+ea*e #eai" hei*h# a# di$#a"ce$ o 3 #o 15 . Th!$ h1a'

%e "e*a#i+e.

The ,oced!e o "e*a#i+e +a&!e$ o h1 i$ #o o%#ai" #he ie&d $#e"*#h o h1=0 a$ de$ci%ed i"< 4.2 a"d #o ca&c!&a#e a coec#io" %a$ed o" #he #eai" c&eaa"ce a"*&e de$ci%ed i" < 11. The

c&eaa"ce a"*&e i$ ca&c!&a#ed a$ o&&o$G

I" #he ca$e #ha# a #eai" da#a%a$e i$ a+ai&a%&e #he #eai" c&eaa"ce a"*&e o #he#a"$i##i"*@%a$e a"#e""a $ho!&d %e ca&c!&a#ed a$ #he e&e+a#io" a"*&e o a &i"e hich !$#c&ea$ a&& #eai" o%$#!c#io"$ !, #o 15 o #he #a"$i##i"*@%a$e a"#e""a i" #he

diec#io" o (%!# "o# *oi"* %e'o"d) #he ecei+i"*@o%i&e a"#e""a. Thi$ c&eaa"ce a"*&ehich i&& ha+e a ,o$i#i+e +a&!e $ho!&d %e !$ed i"$#ead o tca i" e!a#io" (25e) i" #he#eai" c&eaa"ce a"*&e coec#io" e#hod *i+e" i" < 11 #o o%#ai" a coec#io" hich i$added #o #he ie&d $#e"*#h o%#ai"ed o h1=0. I# $ho!&d %e "o#ed #ha# !$i"* #hi$ e#hod ca"e$! i" a di$co"#i"!i#' i" ie&d $#e"*#h a# #he #a"$i#io" ao!"d h1=0.

I" #he ca$e hee a #eai" da#a%a$e i$ "o# a+ai&a%&e #he (,o$i#i+e) eec#i+e #eai"

c&eaa"ce a"*&e eff a' %e e$#ia#ed a$$!i"* a" o%$#!c#io" o hei*h# h1a# a di$#a"ce o o #he #a"$i##i"*@%a$e a"#e""a. No#e #ha# #hi$ i$ !$ed o a&& ,a#h &e"*#h$ e+e"

he" &e$$ #ha" . Tha# i$ #he *o!"d i$ e*aded a$ a,,oia#i"* a" ie*!&a ed*e

o+e #he a"*e 3 #o 15 o #he #a"$i##i"*@%a$e a"#e""a i#h i#$ ea" +a&!e

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

36/55

!6 Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1

occ!i"* a# a$ i"dica#ed i" i*. 25. Thi$ e#hod #ae$ &e$$ e,&ici# acco!"# o #eai"

+aia#io"$ %!# doe$ "o# ,od!ce a di$co"#i"!i#' i" ie&d $#e"*#h a# #he #a"$i#io" ao!"d

h1=0. The coec#io" #o %e added #o #he ie&d $#e"*#h i" #hi$ ca$e i$ ca&c!&a#ed !$i"*G

Coec#io" =6.03 J() d> (12)

heeG

+++= 1.01)1.0(&o*20C.6)( 2J (12a)

=Keff (12%)

a"d

eff = ac#a"(h1@000) de*ee$ (12c)

K = 1.35 o 100 M/8

K = 3.31 o 600 M/8

K = 6.00 o 2000 M/8

1546-25

3 15

h1effTa"$i##i"*@%a$e a"#e""a

eff G eec#i+e #eai" c&eaa"ce a"*&e (,o$i#i+e)h1G #a"$i##i"*@%a$e a"#e""a hei*h# !$ed o ca&c!&a#io"

I9URE 25

2ffective clearance anle for h1> "

5 Interpolation of field strenth as a function of distance

i*!e$ 1 #o 24 $ho ie&d $#e"*#h ,&o##ed a*ai"$# di$#a"ce d #he a"*e 1 #o 1 000 . Noi"#e,o&a#io" o di$#a"ce i$ "eeded i ie&d $#e"*#h$ ae ead diec#&' o #he$e *a,h$. o *ea#e

,eci$io" a"d o co,!#e i,&ee"#a#io" ie&d $#e"*#h$ $ho!&d %e o%#ai"ed o #he a$$ocia#ed

#a%!&a#io"$ ($ee A""e 1 < 3). I" #hi$ ca$e !"&e$$ dcoi"cide$ i#h o"e o #he #a%!&a#io" di$#a"ce$

*i+e" i" Ta%&e 4 #he ie&d $#e"*#hE(d>(@)) $ho!&d %e &i"ea&' i"#e,o&a#ed o #he &o*ai#ho #he di$#a"ce !$i"*G

E =Einf +(EsupEinf) &o* (d @ dinf) @ &o* (dsup @ dinf) d>(@) (13)

heeG

d

G di$#a"ce o hich #he ,edic#io" i$ e!ied

dinfG "eae$# #a%!&a#io" di$#a"ce &e$$ #ha" ddsupG "eae$# #a%!&a#io" di$#a"ce *ea#e #ha" d

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

37/55

Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1 !

EinfG ie&d $#e"*#h +a&!e o dinf

EsupG ie&d $#e"*#h +a&!e o dsup.

Thi$ Recoe"da#io" i$ "o# +a&id o +a&!e$ o d&e$$ #ha" 1 o *ea#e #ha" 1 000 .

TA>E 4

3alues of distance 8(: used in the ta*les of field strenths

6 Interpolation and e'trapolation of field strenth as a function of frequency

ie&d-$#e"*#h +a&!e$ o a *i+e" e!e"c' $ho!&d %e o%#ai"ed %' i"#e,o&a#i"* %e#ee" #he +a&!e$

o #he "oi"a& e!e"c' +a&!e$ o 100 600 a"d 2 000 M/8. I" #he ca$e o e!e"cie$ %e&o

100 M/8 o a%o+e 2

000 M/8 #he i"#e,o&a#io" !$# %e e,&aced %' a" e#a,o&a#io" o #he #o

"eae "oi"a& e!e"c' +a&!e$. o o$# ,a#h$ i"#e,o&a#io" o e#a,o&a#io" o &o* (e!e"c')

ca" %e !$ed %!# o $oe $ea ,a#h$ he" #he e!ied e!e"c' i$ &e$$ #ha" 100 M/8 i# i$

"ece$$a' #o !$e a" ae"a#i+e e#hod.

o &a"d ,a#h$ a"d o $ea ,a#h$ hee #he e!ied e!e"c' i$ *ea#e #ha" 100 M/8 #he

e!ied ie&d $#e"*#hE $ho!&d %e ca&c!&a#ed !$i"*G

E =Einf

+(Esup

Einf

) &o* (

f @finf

) @ &o*(

fsup

@finf

) d>(@) (14)

heeG

fG e!e"c' o hich #he ,edic#io" i$ e!ied (M/8)

finfG &oe "oi"a& e!e"c' (100 M/8 ifJ 600 M/8 600 M/8 o#hei$e)

fsupG hi*he "oi"a& e!e"c' (600 M/8 ifJ 600 M/8 2000 M/8 o#hei$e)

EinfG ie&d $#e"*#h +a&!e ofinf

EsupG ie&d $#e"*#h +a&!e ofsup.

The ie&d $#e"*#h e$!i"* o e#a,o&a#io" o e!e"c' a%o+e 2

000 M/8 $ho!&d %e &ii#ed i

"ece$$a' $!ch #ha# i# doe$ "o# eceed #he ai! +a&!e *i+e" i" < 2.

1 14 55 140 3:5 :00

2 15 60 150 400 :25

3 16 65 160 425 :50

4 1: :0 1:0 450 ::5

5 17 :5 170 4:5 700

6 1 70 10 500 725

: 20 75 200 525 7507 25 0 225 550 7:5

30 5 250 5:5 00

10 35 100 2:5 600 25

11 40 110 300 625 50

12 45 120 325 650 :5

13 50 130 350 6:5 1

000

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

38/55

!/ Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1

o $ea ,a#h$ hee #he e!ied e!e"c' i$ &e$$ #ha" 100 M/8 a" ae"a#i+e e#hod $ho!&d %e

!$ed %a$ed !,o" #he ,a#h &e"*#h$ a# hich 0.6 o #he i$# e$"e& 8o"e i$ !$# c&ea o o%$#!c#io"

%' #he $ea $!ace. A" a,,oia#e e#hod o ca&c!&a#i"* #hi$ di$#a"ce i$ *i+e" i" < 15.

The ae"a#i+e e#hod $ho!&d %e !$ed i a&& o #he o&&oi"* co"di#io"$ ae #!eG

The ,a#h i$ a $ea ,a#h.

The e!ied e!e"c' i$ &e$$ #ha" 100 M/8.

The e!ied di$#a"ce i$ &e$$ #ha" #he di$#a"ce a# hich a $ea ,a#h o!&d ha+e 0.6 e$"e&

c&eaa"ce a# 600 M/8 *i+e" %'D06(600 h1 10) a$ *i+e" i" < 15.

I a"' o #he a%o+e co"di#io"$ i$ "o# #!e #he" #he "oa& i"#e,o&a#io"@e#a,o&a#io" e#hod *i+e"

%' e!a#io" (14) $ho!&d %e !$ed.

I a&& o #he a%o+e co"di#io"$ ae #!e #he e!ied ie&d $#e"*#h E $ho!&d %e ca&c!&a#ed !$i"*G

E =Emax d>(@) o ddf (15a)

=)@(&o*@)@(&o*)E(

600600 ffddd ddddEEE

ff + d>(@) o dK df (15%)heeG

EmaxG ai! ie&d $#e"*#h a# #he e!ied di$#a"ce a$ dei"ed i" < 2G

fdE ai! ie&d $#e"*#h a# di$#a"ce dfa$ dei"ed i" < 2

d600G di$#a"ce a# hich #he ,a#h ha$ 0.6 e$"e& c&eaa"ce a# 600 M/8 ca&c!&a#ed a$

D06(600 h1 10) a$ *i+e" i" < 15

dfG di$#a"ce a# hich #he ,a#h ha$ 0.6 e$"e& c&eaa"ce a# #he e!ied e!e"c'

ca&c!&a#ed a$D06(f h1 10) a$ *i+e" i" < 15

G600d

E ie&d $#e"*#h a# di$#a"ce d600 a"d #he e!ied e!e"c' ca&c!&a#ed !$i"*

e!a#io" (14).

Interpolation of field strenth as a function of percentae ti(e

ie&d $#e"*#h +a&!e$ o a *i+e" ,ece"#a*e o #ie %e#ee" 1B a"d 50B #ie $ho!&d %e ca&c!&a#ed

%' i"#e,o&a#io" %e#ee" #he "oi"a& +a&!e$ 1B a"d 10B o %e#ee" #he "oi"a& +a&!e$ 10B a"d

50B o #ie !$i"*G

E =Esup(Qinf Qt) @ (Qinf Qsup) +Einf(QtQsup) @ (Qinf Qsup) d>(@) (16)

heeG

t

G ,ece"#a*e #ie o hich #he ,edic#io" i$ e!iedtinfG &oe "oi"a& ,ece"#a*e #ie

tsupG !,,e "oi"a& ,ece"#a*e #ie

Qt= Qi(t@100)

Qinf = Qi(tinf@100)

QsupF Qi(tsup@100)

EinfG ie&d $#e"*#h +a&!e o #ie ,ece"#a*e tinf

EsupG ie&d $#e"*#h +a&!e o #ie ,ece"#a*e tsup

hee Qi

(x) i$ #he i"+e$e co,&ee"#a' c!!&a#i+e "oa& di$#i%!#io" !"c#io".

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

39/55

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

40/55

4" Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1

0 )orrection for receivin(o*ile antenna heiht

The ie&d-$#e"*#h +a&!e$ *i+e" %' #he &a"d c!+e$ a"d a$$ocia#ed #a%!&a#io"$ i" #hi$

Recoe"da#io" ae o a eee"ce ecei+i"*@o%i&e a"#e""a a# a hei*h# R() e,e$e"#a#i+e o

#he hei*h# o #he *o!"d co+e $!o!"di"* #he ecei+i"*@o%i&e a"#e""a $!%ec# #o a i"i!hei*h# +a&!e o 10 . Ea,&e$ o eee"ce hei*h#$ ae 20 o a" !%a" aea 30 o a de"$e

!%a" aea a"d 10 o a $!%!%a" aea. o $ea ,a#h$ #he "o#io"a& +a&!e o Ri$ 10 .

;hee #he ecei+i"*@o%i&e a"#e""a i$ adace"# #o &a"d acco!"# $ho!&d i$# %e #ae" o #he

e&e+a#io" a"*&e o #he ai+i"* a' %' ca&c!&a#i"* a odiied e,e$e"#a#i+e c&!##e hei*h#R' ()

*i+e" %'G

R' = (1

000 dR 15 h1) @ (1000 d15) (22)

hee h1a"dR() a"d di$#a"ce d().

No#e #ha# o h1J 6.5dLRR'R.

The +a&!e oR'!$# %e &ii#ed i "ece$$a' $!ch #ha# i# i$ "o# &e$$ #ha" 1 .

;he" #he ecei+i"*@o%i&e a"#e""a i$ i" a" !%a" e"+io"e"# #he coec#io" i$ #he" *i+e" %'G

Coec#io" = 6.03 J() d> o h2JR' (23a)

=Kh2&o* (h2 @R') d> o h2R' (23%)

heeJ() i$ *i+e" %' e!a#io" (12a)

a"dG

= clutdifnu hK (23c)

hdif = R'h2 (23d)

clut = ac#a" (hdif@ 2:) de*ee$ (23e)

Kh2 = 3.2 +6.2 &o* (f ) (23)

Knu = f0107.0 (23*)

f: e!e"c' (M/8).

;hee #he ecei+i"*@o%i&e a"#e""a i$ adace"# #o &a"d i" a !a& o o,e" e"+io"e"# #he

coec#io" i$ *i+e" %' e!a#io" (23%) o a&& +a&!e$ o h2.

;hee #he ecei+i"*@o%i&e a"#e""a i$ adace"# #o $ea o h210 #he coec#io" $ho!&d %e

ca&c!&a#ed !$i"* e!a#io" (23%) i#hR'$e# #o 10 .

;hee #he ecei+i"*@o%i&e a"#e""a i$ adace"# #o $ea o h2J 10 a" ae"a#i+e e#hod $ho!&d

%e !$ed %a$ed !,o" #he ,a#h &e"*#h$ a# hich 0.6 o #he i$# e$"e& 8o"e i$ !$# c&ea o

o%$#!c#io" %' #he $ea $!ace. A" a,,oia#e e#hod o ca&c!&a#i"* #hi$ di$#a"ce i$ *i+e" i" < 15.

The di$#a"ce a# hich #he ,a#h o!&d !$# ha+e 0.6 e$"e& c&eaa"ce o #he e!ied +a&!e o h1

a"d o h2=10 d10 $ho!&d %e ca&c!&a#ed a$D06(f h1 10) i" < 15.

I #he e!ied di$#a"ce i$ e!a& #o o *ea#e #ha" d10 #he" a*ai" #he coec#io" o #he e!ied

+a&!e o h2$ho!&d %e ca&c!&a#ed !$i"* e!a#io" (23%) i#hR'$e# #o 10 .

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

41/55

Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1 41

I #he e!ied di$#a"ce i$ &e$$ #ha" d10 #he" #he coec#io" #o %e added #o #he ie&d $#e"*#h E$ho!&d

%e ca&c!&a#ed !$i"*G

Coec#io" = 0.0 d> o ddh2 (24a)

= (&10) &o*(d @ dh2) @ &o*(d10@ dh2) d> o dh2J dJ d10 (24%)

heeG

&10G coec#io" o #he e!ied +a&!e o h2a# di$#a"ce d10!$i"* e!a#io" (23%) i#h

R'$e# #o 10

d10G di$#a"ce a# hich #he ,a#h !$# ha$ 0.6 e$"e& c&eaa"ce o h2=10 ca&c!&a#ed a$D06(f h1 10) a$ *i+e" i" < 15

dh2G di$#a"ce a# hich #he ,a#h !$# ha$ 0.6 e$"e& c&eaa"ce o #he e!ied +a&!e

o h2ca&c!&a#ed a$D06(f h1 h2) a$ *i+e" i" < 15.

Thi$ Recoe"da#io" i$ "o# +a&id o ecei+i"*@o%i&e a"#e""a hei*h#$ h2 &e$$ #ha" 1 he"

adace"# #o &a"d o &e$$ #ha" 3 he" adace"# #o $ea.

1" )orrection for short ur*ansu*ur*an paths

I a ,a#h o &e"*#h &e$$ #ha" 15 co+e$ %!i&di"*$ o !"io hei*h# o+e &a# #eai" a coec#io"

e,e$e"#i"* #he ed!c#io" o ie&d $#e"*#h d!e #o %!i&di"* c&!##e $ho!&d %e added #o #he ie&d

$#e"*#h. The coec#io" i$ *i+e" %'G

Coec#io" =3.3(&o*(f ))(1 0.75 &o*(d))(1 0.46 &o*(1 L haR))

hee hai$ #he a"#e""a hei*h# a%o+e *o!"d () (i.e. hei*h# o #he a$#) a"d Ri$ e,e$e"#a#i+e o

#he hei*h# o #he *o!"d co+e $!o!"di"* #he ecei+i"*@o%i&e a"#e""a a$ dei"ed i" < hich

a&$o e,e$e"#$ #he hei*h# o *o!"d co+e $!o!"di"* #he #a"$i##i"*@%a$e a"#e""a. Thi$coec#io" o"&' a,,&ie$ he" di$ &e$$ #ha" 15 a"d h1Ri$ &e$$ #ha" 150 .

11 Terrain clearance anle correction

o &a"d ,a#h$ a"d he" #he ecei+i"*@o%i&e a"#e""a i$ o" a &a"d $ec#io" o a ied ,a#h i oe,eci$io" i$ e!ied o ,edic#i"* #he ie&d $#e"*#h o ece,#io" co"di#io"$ i" $,eciic aea$e.*. i" a $a&& ece,#io" aea a coec#io" a' %e ade %a$ed o" a #eai" c&eaa"ce a"*&e. The#eai" c&eaa"ce a"*&e tcai$ *i+e" %'G

rtca = de*ee$

(25a)hee i$ ea$!ed e&a#i+e #o #he &i"e o #he ecei+i"*@o%i&e a"#e""a hich !$# c&ea$ a&eai" o%$#!c#io"$ i" #he diec#io" o #he #a"$i##e@%a$e a"#e""a o+e a di$#a"ce o !, #o 16

%!# "o# *oi"* %e'o"d #he #a"$i##i"*@%a$e a"#e""a. I# i$ ea$!ed e&a#i+e #o #he hoi8o"#a& a# #he

ecei+i"*@o%i&e a"#e""a %ei"* ,o$i#i+e i #he c&eaa"ce &i"e i$ a%o+e #he hoi8o"#a&. Thi$ i$ $ho"

i" i*. 26.

The eee"ce a"*&e ri$ *i+e" %'G

=

d

hh ssr

1000a)c#a"

21 de*ee$

(25%)

hee h1sa"d h2sae #he hei*h# o #a"$i##i"*@%a$e a"d ecei+i"*@o%i&e a"#e""a$ a%o+e $ea &e+e&

e$,ec#i+e&'.

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

42/55

4% Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1

1546-26

R()

16

R()

,o$i#i+e

"e*a#i+e

I9URE 26

Terrain clearance anle

;hee #he e&e+a"# #eai" c&eaa"ce a"*&e i"oa#io" i$ a+ai&a%&e #he coec#io" #o %e added #o #he

ie&d $#e"*#h i$ ca&c!&a#ed !$i"*G

)(E)(Coec#io" = J'( d> (25c)

heeJ() i$ *i+e" %' e!a#io" (12a)G

= f036.0 (25d)

= 0.065 tca f (25e)

tcaG #eai" c&eaa"ce a"*&e (de*ee$)

f

G e!e"c' (M/8).

The coec#io" i$ +a&id o c&eaa"ce a"*&e tcai" #he a"*e 0.7#o +40.

The coec#io" o tcaJ 0.7 i$ #he $ae a$ o tca=0.7.

The coec#io" o tcaK +40 i$ #he $ae a$ o tca=+40.

I# $ho!&d %e "o#ed #ha# #he &a"d ie&d $#e"*#h c!+e$ #ae acco!"# o &o$$e$ d!e #o #',ica& $hie&di"*

o #he ecei+i"*@o%i&e a"#e""a %' *e"#&' o&&i"* #eai". Th!$ #he #eai" c&eaa"ce a"*&e

coec#io"$ ae 8eo a# a $a&& ,o$i#i+e a"*&e #',ica& o ecei+i"*@o%i&e a"#e""a ,o$i#io"$.

i*!e 2: i&&!$#a#e$ #he #eai" c&eaa"ce a"*&e coec#io" o #he "oi"a& e!e"cie$.

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

43/55

Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1 4!

1546-2:

0 10 20 30 40 50

100 M/8

600 M/82 000 M/8

100 M/8

600 M/8

2 000 M/8

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

5

10

1520

25

Coec#io"(d>)

I9URE 2:

Terrain clearance anle correction

Teai" c&eaa"ce a"*&e (de*ee$)

1% ocation varia*ility in land area-coverae prediction

Aea-co+ea*e ,edic#io" e#hod$ ae i"#e"ded #o ,o+ide #he $#a#i$#ic$ o ece,#io" co"di#io"$ o+e

a *i+e" aea a#he #ha" a# a"' ,a#ic!&a ,oi"#. The i"#e,e#a#io" o $!ch $#a#i$#ic$ i&& de,e"d o"

#he $i8e o #he aea co"$ideed.

;he" o"e #ei"a& o a adio ,a#h i$ $#a#io"a' a"d #he o#he #ei"a& i$ o+ed ,a#h &o$$ i&& +a'

co"#i"!o!$&' i#h &oca#io" accodi"* #o #he #o#a&i#' o i"&!e"ce$ aec#i"* i#. I# i$ co"+e"ie"# #o

c&a$$i' #he$e i"&!e"ce$ i"#o #hee ai" ca#e*oie$G

M!i,a#h +aia#io"$

=i*"a& +aia#io"$ i&& occ! o+e $ca&e$ o #he ode o a a+e&e"*#h d!e #o ,ha$o addi#io"

o !i,a#h eec#$ e.*. e&ec#io"$ o #he *o!"d %!i&di"*$ e#c.

oca& *o!"d co+e +aia#io"$

=i*"a& +aia#io"$ i&& occ! d!e #o o%$#!c#io" %' *o!"d co+e i" #he &oca& +ici"i#'

e.*. %!i&di"*$ #ee$ e#c. o+e $ca&e$ o #he ode o #he $i8e$ o $!ch o%ec#$. The $ca&e o#he$e +aia#io"$ i&& "oa&&' %e $i*"iica"#&' &a*e #ha" #ha# o !i,a#h +aia#io"$.

Pa#h +aia#io"$

=i*"a& +aia#io"$ i&& a&$o occ! d!e #o cha"*e$ i" #he *eoe#' o #he e"#ie ,o,a*a#io"

,a#h e.*. #he ,e$e"ce o hi&&$ e#c. o a&& ece,# +e' $ho# ,a#h$ #he $ca&e o #he$e

+aia#io"$ i&& %e $i*"iica"#&' &a*e #ha" #ha# o &oca& *o!"d co+e +aia#io"$.

I" #hi$ Recoe"da#io" &oca#io" +aia%i&i#' ee$ #o #he $,a#ia& $#a#i$#ic$ o &oca& *o!"d co+e

+aia#io"$ i"c&!di"* !i,a#h +aia#io"$. Thi$ i$ a !$e!& e$! o+e $ca&e$ $!%$#a"#ia&&' &a*e #ha"

#he *o!"d co+e +aia#io"$ a"d o+e hich ,a#h +aia#io"$ ae i"$i*"iica"#. Thi$ a' %e a"

i,ac#ica%&e co"di#io" o a" aea o+e hich ,a#h *eoe#' i$ cha"*i"* a,id&' $!ch a$ $&o,i"**o!"d.

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

44/55

44 Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1

A# / a"d U/ &oca#io" +aia%i&i#' i$ #',ica&&' !o#ed o a" aea e,e$e"#ed %' a $!ae i#h a

$ide o 100 #o 200 $oe#ie$ i#h #he addi#io"a& e!iee"# #ha# #he aea i$ &a#. The

i,o#a"# i$$!e i$ he#he ,a#h *eoe#' $i*"iica"#&' aec#$ +aia#io"$ o+e #he aea co"ce"ed.

E#e"$i+e da#a a"a&'$i$ $!**e$#$ #ha# #he di$#i%!#io" o edia" ie&d $#e"*#h d!e #o *o!"d co+e

+aia#io"$ o+e $!ch a" aea i" !%a" a"d $!%!%a" e"+io"e"#$ i$ a,,oia#e&' &o*"oa&.I# $ho!&d a&$o %e "o#ed #ha# !i,a#h adi"* i$ e!e"c' $e&ec#i+e. Th!$ a "o&ed*e o eec#i+e

adio $'$#e %a"did#h %ecoe$ i,o#a"#.

Th!$ o a &a"d ecei+i"*@o%i&e a"#e""a &oca#io" #he ie&d $#e"*#h Ehich i&& %e eceeded o )

B o &oca#io"$ i$ *i+e" %'G

E()) =E(edia") +Qi() @ 100) *(f ) d> (@) (26)

heeG

Qi(x)G i"+e$e co,&ee"#a' c!!&a#i+e "oa& di$#i%!#io" a$ a !"c#io" o

,o%a%i&i#'

*G $#a"dad de+ia#io" o #he 9a!$$ia" di$#i%!#io" o #he &oca& ea"$ i" #he $#!d'aea.

a&!e$ o $#a"dad de+ia#io" o di*i#a& $'$#e$ ha+i"* a %a"did#h &e$$ #ha" 1 M/8 a"d o

a"a&o*!e $'$#e$ ae *i+e" a$ a !"c#io" o e!e"c' %'G

* =K+1.6 &o*(f ) d> (2:)

heeG

K= 2.1 o o%i&e $'$#e$ i" !%a" &oca#io"$

= 3.7 o o%i&e $'$#e$ i" $!%!%a" &oca#io"$ o ao"*$# o&&i"* hi&&$

= 5.1 o a"a&o*!e %oadca$#i"* $'$#e$

f

G e!e"c' (M/8).

o di*i#a& $'$#e$ ha+i"* a %a"did#h o 1 M/8 o *ea#e a $#a"dad de+ia#io" o 5.5 d> $ho!&d

%e !$ed a# a&& e!e"cie$.

Pece"#a*e &oca#io" )ca" +a' %e#ee" 1 a"d . Thi$ Recoe"da#io" i$ "o# +a&id o ,ece"#a*e

&oca#io"$ &e$$ #ha" 1B o *ea#e #ha" B.

The &oca#io" +aia%i&i#' coec#io" i$ "o# a,,&ied he" #he ecei+e@o%i&e i$ adace"# #o $ea.

1! &n appro'i(ation to the inverse co(ple(entary cu(ulative nor(al distri*utionfunction

The o&&oi"* a,,oia#io" #o #he i"+e$e co,&ee"#a' c!!&a#i+e "oa& di$#i%!#io"

!"c#io" Qi(x) i$ +a&id o 0.01 x0.G

Qi(x) =+(x) (x) ix0.5 (27a)

Qi(x) =H T(1 x) (1 x) ix>0.5 (27%)

heeG

[ ])&"(2E)( xx+ = (27c)

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

45/55

Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1 45

[ ][ ] 1)()())((

)())((F)(

123

012

+++++

x+Dx+Dx+D

&x+&x+&x (27d)

&0 = 2.51551:

&1 = 0.702753

&2 = 0.010327

D1 = 1.432:77

D2 = 0.1726

D3 = 0.001307

a&!e$ *i+e" %' #he a%o+e e!a#io"$ ae *i+e" i" Ta%&e 5.

TA>E 5&ppro'i(ate inverse co(ple(entary cu(ulative

nor(al distri*ution values

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

46/55

46 Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1

q< Qi8q1"": q< Qi 8q1"": q< Qi 8q1"": q< Qi 8q1"":

1 2.32: 26 0.643 51 0.025 :6 0.:06

2 2.054 2: 0.612 52 0.050 :: 0.:3

3 1.771 27 0.572 53 0.0:5 :7 0.::2

4 1.:51 2 0.553 54 0.100 : 0.706

5 1.645 30 0.524 55 0.125 70 0.741

6 1.555 31 0.45 56 0.151 71 0.7:7

: 1.4:6 32 0.46: 5: 0.1:6 72 0.15

7 1.405 33 0.43 57 0.202 73 0.54

1.341 34 0.412 5 0.22: 74 0.4

10 1.272 35 0.375 60 0.253 75 1.036

11 1.22: 36 0.357 61 0.2: 76 1.070

12 1.1:5 3: 0.331 62 0.305 7: 1.12613 1.126 37 0.305 63 0.331 77 1.1:5

14 1.070 3 0.2: 64 0.357 7 1.22:

15 1.036 40 0.253 65 0.375 0 1.272

16 0.4 41 0.22: 66 0.412 1 1.341

1: 0.54 42 0.202 6: 0.43 2 1.405

17 0.15 43 0.1:6 67 0.46: 3 1.4:6

1 0.7:7 44 0.151 6 0.45 4 1.555

20 0.741 45 0.125 :0 0.524 5 1.645

21 0.706 46 0.100 :1 0.553 6 1.:51

22 0.::2 4: 0.0:5 :2 0.572 : 1.771

23 0.:3 47 0.050 :3 0.612 7 2.054

24 0.:06 4 0.025 :4 0.643 2.32:

25 0.6:4 50 0.000 :5 0.6:4

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

47/55

Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1 4

14 2quivalent *asic trans(ission loss

;he" e!ied #he %a$ic #a"$i$$io" &o$$ e!i+a&e"# #o a *i+e" ie&d $#e"*#h i$ *i+e" %'G

*b = 13 E+20 &o*f d> (2)heeG

*bG %a$ic #a"$i$$io" &o$$ (d>)

E

G ie&d $#e"*#h (d>(@)) o 1 ; e..,.

f

G e!e"c' (M/8).

15 &n appro'i(ation to the ".6 7resnel clearance path lenth

The ,a#h &e"*#h hich !$# achie+e$ a c&eaa"ce o 0.6 o #he i$# e$"e& 8o"e o+e a $oo#h

c!+ed ea#h o a *i+e" e!e"c' a"d a"#e""a hei*h#$ h1a"d h2 i$ *i+e" a,,oia#e&' %'G

D06 =hf

hf

DD

DD

+

(30)

heeG

DfG e!e"c'-de,e"de"# #e

= 21000037.0 hhf (30a)

DhG a$',#o#ic #e dei"ed %' hoi8o" di$#a"ce$

= )(1.4 21 hh + (30%)

fG e!e"c' (M/8)

h1 h2G a"#e""a hei*h#$ a%o+e $oo#h ea#h ().

I" #he a%o+e e!a#io"$ #he +a&!e o h1!$# %e &ii#ed i "ece$$a' $!ch #ha# i# i$ "o# &e$$ #ha"

8eo. Moeo+e #he e$!i"* +a&!e$ oD06 !$# %e &ii#ed i "ece$$a' $!ch #ha# i# i$ "o# &e$$ #ha"

0.001 .

&nne' 6

Procedure for the application of this Reco((endation

The $#e,-%'-$#e, ,oced!e *i+e" %e&o i$ i"#e"ded #o %e a,,&ied #o +a&!e$ dei+ed o #he ie&d

$#e"*#h +e$!$ di$#a"ce #a%&e$ a+ai&a%&e o #he Radioco!"ica#io" >!ea!. The' a'

hoe+e a&$o %e a,,&ied #o +a&!e$ o%#ai"ed o #he c!+e$ i" hich ca$e #he di$#a"ce i"#e,o&a#io"

,oced!e o =#e, 7.1.5 i$ "o# "eeded.

Step : De#ei"e #he #',e o #he ,o,a*a#io" ,a#h a$ &a"d co&d $ea o a $ea. I #he ,a#h i$

ied #he" de#ei"e #o ,a#h #',e$ hich ae e*aded a$ i$# a"d $eco"d ,o,a*a#io" #',e$. I

#he ,a#h ca" %e e,e$e"#ed %' a $i"*&e #',e #he" #hi$ i$ e*aded a$ #he i$# ,o,a*a#io" #',e a"d

#he ied-,a#h e#hod *i+e" i" =#e, 11 i$ "o# e!ied.

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

48/55

4/ Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1

Step !: o a"' *i+e" ,ece"#a*e o #ie (i" #he a"*e 1B #o 50B #ie) de#ei"e #o "oi"a&

#ie ,ece"#a*e$ a$ o&&o$G

a"#ed #ie ,ece"#a*e K 1 a"d J 10 #he &oe a"d hi*he "oi"a& ,ece"#a*e$ ae 1 a"d

10 e$,ec#i+e&'

a"#ed #ie ,ece"#a*e K 10 a"d J 50 #he &oe a"d hi*he "oi"a& ,ece"#a*e$ ae 10a"d 50 e$,ec#i+e&'.

I #he e!ied ,ece"#a*e o #ie i$ e!a& #o 1B o 10B o 50B #hi$ +a&!e $ho!&d %e e*aded a$

#he &oe "oi"a& ,ece"#a*e #ie a"d #he i"#e,o&a#io" ,oce$$ o =#e, 10 i$ "o# e!ied.

Step ": o a"' a"#ed e!e"c' (i" #he a"*e 30 #o 3000 M/8) de#ei"e #o "oi"a&

e!e"cie$ a$ o&&o$G

hee #he a"#ed e!e"c' J 600 M/8 #he &oe a"d hi*he "oi"a& e!e"cie$ ae 100

a"d 600 M/8 e$,ec#i+e&'

hee #he a"#ed e!e"c' K 600 M/8 #he &oe a"d hi*he "oi"a& e!e"cie$ ae 600

a"d 2

000 M/8 e$,ec#i+e&'.I #he a"#ed e!e"c' e!a&$ 100 o 600 o 2

000 M/8 #hi$ +a&!e $ho!&d %e e*aded a$ #he &oe

"oi"a& e!e"c' a"d #he i"#e,o&a#io"@e#a,o&a#io" ,oce$$ o =#e, i$ "o# e!ied.

Step #: De#ei"e #he &oe a"d hi*he "oi"a& di$#a"ce$ o Ta%&e 4 c&o$e$# #o #he e!ied

di$#a"ce. I #he e!ied di$#a"ce coi"cide$ i#h a +a&!e i" Ta%&e 4 #hi$ $ho!&d %e e*aded a$ #he

&oe "oi"a& di$#a"ce a"d #he i"#e,o&a#io" ,oce$$ o =#e, 7.1.5 i$ "o# e!ied.

Step $: o #he i$# ,o,a*a#io" #',e o&&o =#e,$ 6 #o 11.

Step %: o #he &oe "oi"a& ,ece"#a*e #ie o&&o =#e,$ : #o 10.

Step ,: o #he &oe "oi"a& e!e"c' o&&o =#e,$ 7 a"d .

Step -: O%#ai" #he ie&d $#e"*#h eceeded a# 50B &oca#io"$ o a ecei+i"*@o%i&e a"#e""a a# #he

hei*h# o e,e$e"#a#i+e c&!##e R a%o+e *o!"d o #he e!ied di$#a"ce a"d #a"$i##i"*@%a$e

a"#e""a hei*h# a$ o&&o$G

Step -.: o a #a"$i##i"*@%a$e a"#e""a hei*h# h1e!a& #o o *ea#e #ha" 10 o&&o

=#e,$ 7.1.1 #o 7.1.5G

Step -..: De#ei"e #he &oe a"d hi*he "oi"a& h1+a&!e$ !$i"* #he e#hod *i+e" i"

A""e 5 < 4.1. I h1coi"cide$ i#h o"e o #he "oi"a& +a&!e$ 10 20 3:.5 :5 150 300

600 o 1

200 #hi$ $ho!&d %e e*aded a$ #he &oe "oi"a& +a&!e o h1 a"d #he

i"#e,o&a#io" ,oce$$ o =#e, 7.1.6 i$ "o# e!ied.

Step -..!: o #he &oe "oi"a& +a&!e o h1o&&o =#e,$ 7.1.3 #o 7.1.5.Step -..": o #he &oe "oi"a& +a&!e o di$#a"ce o&&o =#e, 7.1.4.

Step -..#:O%#ai" #he ie&d $#e"*#h eceeded a# 50B &oca#io"$ o a ecei+i"*@o%i&e

a"#e""a a# #he hei*h# o e,e$e"#a#i+e c&!##e R o #he e!ied +a&!e$ o di$#a"ce d a"d

#a"$i##i"*@%a$e a"#e""a hei*h# h1.

Step -..$: I #he e!ied di$#a"ce doe$ "o# coi"cide i#h #he &oe "oi"a& di$#a"ce

e,ea# =#e, 7.1.4 o #he hi*he "oi"a& di$#a"ce a"d i"#e,o&a#e #he #o ie&d $#e"*#h$ o

di$#a"ce !$i"* #he e#hod *i+e" i" A""e 5 < 5.

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

49/55

Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1 40

Step -..%: I #he e!ied #a"$i##i"*@%a$e a"#e""a hei*h# h1 doe$ "o# coi"cide i#h o"e

o #he "oi"a& +a&!e$ e,ea# =#e,$ 7.1.3 #o 7.1.5 a"d i"#e,o&a#e@e#a,o&a#e o h1!$i"* #he

e#hod *i+e" i" A""e 5 < 4.1. I "ece$$a' &ii# #he e$! #o #he ai! *i+e" i"

A""e 5 < 2.

Step -.!: o a #a"$i##i"*@%a$e a"#e""a hei*h# h1 &e$$ #ha" 10 de#ei"e #he ie&d

$#e"*#h o #he e!ied hei*h# a"d di$#a"ce !$i"* #he e#hod *i+e" i" A""e 5 < 4.2. I h1i$ &e$$ #ha" 8eo #he e#hod *i+e" i" A""e 5 < 4.3 $ho!&d a&$o %e !$ed.

Step /: I #he e!ied e!e"c' doe$ "o# coi"cide i#h #he &oe "oi"a& e!e"c' e,ea# =#e, 7

o #he hi*he "oi"a& e!e"c' a"d i"#e,o&a#e o e#a,o&a#e #he #o ie&d $#e"*#h$ !$i"* #he

e#hod *i+e" i" A""e 5 < 6. I "ece$$a' &ii# #he e$! #o #he ai! ie&d $#e"*#h a$ *i+e"

i" A""e 5 < 2.

Step 0: I #he e!ied ,ece"#a*e #ie doe$ "o# coi"cide i#h #he &oe "oi"a& ,ece"#a*e #ie

e,ea# =#e,$ : #o o #he hi*he "oi"a& ,ece"#a*e #ie a"d i"#e,o&a#e #he #o ie&d $#e"*#h$

!$i"* #he e#hod *i+e" i" A""e 5 < :.

Step : I #he ,edic#io" i$ o a ied ,a#h o&&o #he $#e,-%'-$#e, ,oced!e *i+e" i" A""e 5< 7. Thi$ e!ie$ !$e o =#e,$ 6 #o 10 o ,a#h$ o each ,o,a*a#io" #',e. No#e #ha# i diee"#

$ec#io"$ o #he ,a#h ei$# c&a$$iied a$ %o#h co&d a"d a $ea a&& $ea $ec#io"$ $ho!&d %e c&a$$iied

a$ a $ea.

Step !: Coec# #he ie&d $#e"*#h o ecei+i"*@o%i&e a"#e""a hei*h# h2!$i"* #he e#hod *i+e" i"

A""e 5 < .

Step ": I a,,&ica%&e ed!ce #he ie&d $#e"*#h %' addi"* #he coec#io" o $ho# !%a"@$!%!%a"

,a#h$ !$i"* #he e#hod *i+e" i" A""e 5 < 10.

Step #: I i"oa#io" o" #he #eai" c&eaa"ce a"*&e a# a ecei+i"*@o%i&e a"#e""a adace"# #o &a"d

i$ a+ai&a%&e coec# #he ie&d $#e"*#h o #eai" c&eaa"ce a"*&e a# #he ecei+e@o%i&e !$i"* #hee#hod *i+e" i" A""e 5 < 11.

Step $: I #he ie&d $#e"*#h a# a ecei+i"*@o%i&e a"#e""a adace"# #o &a"d eceeded a# ,ece"#a*e

&oca#io"$ o#he #ha" 50B i$ e!ied coec# #he ie&d $#e"*#h o #he e!ied ,ece"#a*e o

&oca#io"$ !$i"* #he e#hod *i+e" i" A""e 5 < 12.

Step %: I "ece$$a' &ii# #he e$!i"* ie&d $#e"*#h #o #he ai! *i+e" i" A""e 5 < 2. I a

ied ,a#h ca&c!&a#io" ha$ %ee" ade o a ,ece"#a*e #ie &e$$ #ha" 50B i# i&& %e "ece$$a' #o

ca&c!&a#e #he ai! ie&d $#e"*#h %' &i"ea i"#e,o&a#io" %e#ee" #he a&&-&a"d a"d a&&-$ea +a&!e$.

Thi$ i$ *i+e" %'G

Emax =Efs+dsEse@ dtotal d>(@) (31)

heeG

EfsG ee-$,ace ie&d $#e"*#h *i+e" %' e!a#io" (2) i" A""e 5 < 2

EseG e"ha"cee"# a# $a&& #ie ,ece"#a*e$ o a $ea ,a#h *i+e" %' e!a#io" (3) i"

A""e 5 < 2

dsG #he #o#a& $ea di$#a"ce ()

dtotalG #he #o#a& ,a#h di$#a"ce ().

Step ,: I e!ied co"+e# ie&d $#e"*#h #o e!i+a&e"# %a$ic #a"$i$$io" &o$$ o #he ,a#h !$i"*

#he e#hod *i+e" i" A""e 5 < 14.

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

50/55

5" Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1

&nne'

)o(parison ith the u(ura-#ata (ethod

The O!!a-/a#a e#hod i$ *i+e" %'G

E = 6.72 6.16 &o*f +13.72 &o*H1L a(H2) (44. 6.55 &o*H1) (&o* d)b (32)

heeG

EG ie&d $#e"*#h (d>(@)) o 1 ; e..,.

f

G e!e"c' (M/8)

H1G %a$e $#a#io" eec#i+e a"#e""a hei*h# a%o+e *o!"d () i" #he a"*e 30 #o

200

H2G o%i&e $#a#io" a"#e""a hei*h# a%o+e *o!"d () i" #he a"*e 1 #o 10

dG di$#a"ce ()

a(H2) = (1.1 &o*f0.:)H2(1.56 &o*f0.7)

b= 1 o d20

b= 1 +(0.14 +0.00017:f+0.0010: 1H ) (&o* 0.05 d)0.7 o dK 20

heeG

1H =H1@ 210.00000:1 H+

Thi$ Recoe"da#io" ,od!ce$ $ii&a e$!$ #o #he O!!a-/a#a e#hod o di$#a"ce$ !, #o10 h2=H2=1.5 R F 15.

&nne' /

&dditional infor(ation and (ethods to calculate the field strenth of any

point contained ithin the envelope of the land fa(ily of curves

The i"oa#io" i" #hi$ A""e i$ i"#e"ded #o a$$i$# i" co,!#e i,&ee"#a#io"$ o #hi$Recoe"da#io". o &a"d c!+e$ o"&' #he ie&d $#e"*#h o a"' ai&' o c!+e$ i#h

i"#e,o&a#io" o %o#h di$#a"ce a"d #a"$i##i"*@%a$e a"#e""a hei*h# h1 a' %e o%#ai"ed %'

i,&ee"#i"* #he o&&oi"* $#e,-%'-$#e, ,oced!e.

Step : Ca&c!&a#e #he die"$io"&e$$ ,aae#e 1 o #he e!ied #a"$i##e hei*h# h1 a$

o&&o$G

)2&o*(

3:5.&o* 1

=

h

1(33)

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

51/55

Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1 51

Paae#e 1i$ a" i"#e*e i" #he a"*e 0 #o : hich e,e$e"#$ each e%e &i"e o a ai&' $#a#i"*

a# h1=.3:5 a"d i"i$hi"* a# &i"e h1=1200 . The i$# #o 1+a&!e$ ac#!a&&' e,e$e"# h1+a&!e$o .3:5 a"d 17.:5 #o ai"#ai" #he $#ic# $e!e"ce o ha&+i"* #he hei*h# o #he 1 200 hei*h#

aho!*h #he #o &oe c!+e$ i" #he #a%!&a#io"$ ,o+ided ha+e %ee" ca&c!&a#ed o 10 a"d 20 o

co"+e"ie"ce.

The i",!# a"*e o h1$ha&& %e &ii#ed o .3:5 #o 1 200 . The e#a,o&a#io" ,oced!e *i+e" i"

A""e 5 $ho!&d %e !$ed o #a"$i##e hei*h#$ o!#$ide o #hi$ a"*e.

The o&&oi"* ,oced!e co"$#!c#$ a e%e &i"e %' $oo#h&' %&e"di"* #o*e#he a" i"i#ia&

O!!a-/a#a $ec#io" i" #he a"*e o 1 #o a,,oia#e&' 30 i#h a &i"e dei+ed o a

!"c#io"a& i# #o e,iica& da#a (Recoe"da#io" ITU-R P.3:0) i" #he a"*e %e'o"d 10 !$i"*

e!a#io" (34). Thi$ &i"e i$ !#he %&e"ded #o #he ee-$,ace +a&!e a$ "ece$$a' !$i"* e!a#io" (41).

E!a#io" (36) e,e$e"#$ a $i,&e ,o&'"oia& i# #o #he O!!a-/a#a e!a#io"$ i" #he ,aae#e

a"*e o i"#ee$# o %o#h 1 a"d d. The eai"i"* $ec#io" o #he &i"e i$ co"$#!c#ed a$ a #o $#e,

,oced!e. The i$# $#a*e i"+o&+e$ #he de#ei"a#io" o a %a$e eee"ce c!+e o #he h1=.3:5

&i"e (e!a#io" (37)) hich i$ a !"c#io" o o"&' d. The $eco"d $#a*e !$e$ e!a#io" (40) a$ a !"c#io"o %o#h 1a"d d #o *i+e a" o$e# o #he %a$e eee"ce c!+e #o a"' de$ied h1a"d d+a&!e.

Step !: Ca&c!&a#e a" i"#eedia#e ie&d $#e"*#hEu a# #he di$#a"ce d a"d #a"$i##i"* hei*h# h1 a$

o&&o$G

+

=

+

bb

b

pE

pE

pEE

bu pE 21

21

1010

10&o* (34)

heeG

1ddpb += 10 (35)

a"d

32

212

0 76:1.11CC5.0)&o*()(1 a11da1a1aE +++++= (36)

a"d

offref EEE +=2 (3:)

heeG

[ ][ ] :62

3

2140 )&o*(

)&o*(e,110e, bdb

b

bdbbbEref +

+= (37)

heeG

5)&o*( bd= (3)

a"dG

65

4

321

0 )&o*(#*h12

c1

off 1cc

ccdc1

cE +

= (40)

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

52/55

5% Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1

Paae#e$ a0#o a3 b0 #o b: c0#o c6a"d d0#o d1ae *i+e" i" Ta%&e 6 o a&& e!e"cie$ a"d #ie

,ece"#a*e$ o #he &a"d c!+e$.

Step ": i"a&&' ca&c!&a#e #he ie&d $#e"*#h Eb a# #he di$#a"ce d a"d #a"$i##i"* hei*h# h1 a$

o&&o$G

+

=

+

bb

fs

bb

u

bb

fsu

p

E

p

E

p

EE

bbb pE

1010

10&o* (41)

heeG

EfsG ee-$,ace ie&d $#e"*#h dei"ed i" A""e 5 < 2

pbbG %&e"d coeicie"# $e# #o +a&!e 7.

TA>E 6)oefficients for the eneration of the land ta*ulations

Frequency

1"" M#$ 6"" M#$ %""" M#$

Ti(e

8

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

53/55

Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1 5!

&nne' 0

&d?ust(ent for different cli(atic reions

The c!+e$ *i+e" i" A""ee$ 2 3 a"d 4 ae %a$ed o" ea$!ee"#$ i" #e,ea#e c&ia#e$. ie&d

$#e"*#h$ i" e*io"$ o #he o&d hee #he +e#ica& a#o$,heic eac#i+i#' *adie"# i$ $i*"iica"#&'

diee"# i&& "o# i" *e"ea& %e $o acc!a#e&' ,edic#ed.

The o&&oi"* e#hod a' %e !$ed #o a,,&' +e#ica& eac#i+i#' *adie"# i"oa#io" o

Recoe"da#io" ITU-R P.453 #o coec# #he c!+e$ i" A""ee$ 2 3 a"d 4 o !$e a"'hee i" #he

o&d. The Recoe"da#io" ITU-R P.453 da#a i&e$ *i+e eac#i+i#' *adie"#$ i" N-!"i#$@ i" #he

&oe$# 65 o #he a#o$,hee a$ "e*a#i+e +a&!e$.

o #he ,!,o$e o #hi$ ad!$#e"# #he c!+e$ i" A""ee$ 2 3 a"d 4 ae co"$ideed #o e,e$e"#

eee"ce +a&!e$ o *adie"# d20*i+e" %'Go ie&d$ eceeded o 50B #ieG d20=43.3 N-!"i#$@ (42a)

o ie&d$ eceeded o 10B #ieG d20=141. N-!"i#$@ (42%)

o ie&d$ eceeded o 1B #ieG d20=301.3 N-!"i#$@ (42c)

To ad!$# a ai&' o ie&d-$#e"*#h c!+e$ o a diee"# adio-c&ia#ic e*io" o #he o&d

ca&c!&a#e #he diee"ce i" *adie"# *i+e" %'G

F d20d2 (43)

heeG

d2

G *adie"# eceeded o #he #ie ,ece"#a*e o #he c!+e$ #o %e ad!$#ed o%#ai"ed

o #he Recoe"da#io" ITU-R P.453 da#a i&e$ DNDS50.TT

DNDS10.TT DNDS01.TT o 50B 10B a"d 1B #ie e$,ec#i+e&'

d20G eee"ce *adie"# o #he ,ece"#a*e #ie o #he c!+e #o %e ad!$#ed *i+e" %'

e!a#io"$ (42).

o a"' di$#a"ce d () id2i$ &e$$ #ha" 301.3 add a" ad!$#e"# #o #he ai! ie&d $#e"*#h

*i+e" %'G

Emax=0.00: (301.3 d2) H1 e, (d@50) e, (d@6 000) d> (44)

No#e #ha# "o cha"*e i$ ade #o ai! ie&d $#e"*#h$ i d2i$ *ea#e #ha" o e!a& #o 301.3.Ca&c!&a#e #he $ca&i"* ac#oK*i+e" %'G

K= 14.4 6.63 106(1

44 )2 K 0 (45a)

= 0.07 0 (45%)

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

54/55

54 Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1

o #he &oe$# c!+e i" #he ai&' #o %e ad!$#ed #ha# i$ o h1 = 10 add a" ad!$#e"# E1*i+e" %'G

E1FKH1 e, (d@50) e, (d@6 000) d> (46)

I "ece$$a' #he +a&!e o E1!$# %e &ii#ed a$ o&&o$G E1!$# %e &ii#ed $!ch #ha# #he ad!$#ed ie&d $#e"*#h doe$ "o# eceed #he ad!$#ed

ai! ie&d $#e"*#h.

I i$ *ea#e #ha" 8eo E1!$# %e &ii#ed $!ch #ha# #he diee"ce %e#ee" #he ad!$#edai! a"d h1=10 ie&d $#e"*#h$ i$ "o# *ea#e #ha" i# i$ i" #he !"ad!$#ed c!+e$.

No#e #ha# #hi$ co"di#io" !$# "o# %e a,,&ied he" i$ &e$$ #ha" 8eo.

Ad!$# ie&d $#e"*#h$ o o#he +a&!e$ o h1 $!ch #ha# #he' occ!,' #he $ae ,o,o#io"a& ,o$i#io"%e#ee" #he ai! a"d h1 =10 ie&d $#e"*#h a$ #he coe$,o"di"* ie&d $#e"*#h i" #he!"ad!$#ed c!+e$ !$i"*G

)E(@)E()E(1111

EEEEEEEEmaxmaxnn

+= (4:)

heeG

E1G ie&d $#e"*#h o h1=10

EnG ie&d $#e"*#h o h1+a&!e$ *ea#e #ha" 10

EmaxG ai! ie&d $#e"*#h

a"d ,ie$ i"dica#e ad!$#ed +a&!e$.

8/11/2019 R-REC-P.1546-1

55/55

Rec. ITU-R P.1546-1 55