QU~~~~~U~~~Q~F~~~H~~UU~~~~~UUU ifold-book.ru.ac.th/e-book/e/EN306/EN306-10.pdf · 1. Caution: When...
Transcript of QU~~~~~U~~~Q~F~~~H~~UU~~~~~UUU ifold-book.ru.ac.th/e-book/e/EN306/EN306-10.pdf · 1. Caution: When...
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1. Caution:
When the engine is running, keip hands, clothing, and tools away from I the moving fan and engine drive belts. (Removing rings, watches, and ties
, ,
is advisable.)
Right after driving, the engine, radiator and exhaust manifold will be hot, I so be careful not to touch them. Oi1'"iwd fluid may also be hot. Do not
smoke, cause sparks or allow opkn flames around fuel or battery. ;< 6
The fumes are flammable.' i
" * I I
2. Today, supermakets are found in almost every large city in the world.
Bgt the first supermarket was opened o ~ l y fifty years ago. It was opened 1
in New York by a man named Michael Cpllen. - A supermarket is different from other types of stores in several ways. I In supermarkets, goods are placed on open shelves. The customers choose I what they want and take them to the check-out customer. This means that I fewer employers are required than in other stores. G I
F
d mou uduunn~iuds:unn ..................................... : ................ -
' ~ o ~ o t a Corolla, Owner's Manual (Japan : Toyot'a' &tor Corporation, l993), 16s. ( .
3
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3. He owns a kilt and talks fondly of Scotland. "Both my parents were
doctors when 1 was growing up," said Mechai Viravaidya. "My mother,
Ella, was Scottish and my father, Samak, was Thai.
"They were both doctors, and there used to be a lot of inoculations
during my younger days. They would hurt, so I would charge my parents
for hurting me every time they gave me an injection."
"I used to charge my father Btl00 and my mother Bt150, as she was
more gentle with me. Come to think of it, I should have been a businessman,"
he chuckled.
Mechai was the second among four siblings and -described his family as
an independent one.'
4. When did the first Black beople go to America?
You have probably heard people say that the only true ~mericans were
the Indians, or Native Americans. Everyone else has ancestors who went
there from some other countries,
Black Americans, too, originally went there from other countries. But
what most people do not know is that the first Blacks went to America as
explorers!
'"Mother's Words Spark a Career," Nation Junior Magazine. 1-15 December l Q Q 2 , 17.
They came with the Spanis ch, and the Portuguese, who went
there on voyages of discovery.
There were Black soldiers with ~ a l b o a when he discovered the Pacific
Ocean, and with Cortez when he exploted Mexico.
Africans went to North and CentraI America with the Spanish, French,
and Portuguese explorers.
They went into New Maxico, &fizona, and the Mississippi Valley.
It was a Black man who showed the ~ati ;e '~mericans how to grow wheat.
Later on, Black people went to the New World in a very different way.
They were brought there from Africa as sIaves.
In 16 19, a Dutch vessel brought zo Africans to Jamestown, Virginia. They were
sold by their captain for provisions he needed.
At the time, many white people went to America to work as indentured
servants. This meant that they sold. their labour for a certain length of time.
When white indentured servants stopped coming from Europe, Black slaves
were brought into colonies.
This started in 1688. By 1715 there were over 58,000 Black slaves there.
By 1775, the number had grown to over 500,000.
In 1807, at the request of President Ttiomas Jefferson, Congress voted that
no more slaves should be brought into the country.
Many were brought in against the law. By 1860, the Black population in
the United States was about 44,400,000.
I
The following year, the Civil War broke out and President Abraham Lincoln
finally made slavery illegal in the United states.'
HONG KONG
Distance from airport to town centre: 7 Kilometres (4.5 miles) I Average temperature : March-May 20 C, June-September 25 C, December-
February 15 C.
Clothing : Light clothing, with lightweight suitings between May and November,
and light woolen clothes with medium suitings between December and May.
Duty-free allowance : Liquor-1 quart bottle, cigar-l/2 lb. or cigarettes-200
or other tobacco-112 lb., and personal effects such as clothing, Jewellery,
toiletries, cameras, etc.
Tipping : Tipping is a general practice here. The usual amount is about 10% or
15% of the bill. Tips are also expected on top of the 10% service charge included
in the bills of most hotels and restaurants.
Shopping hints and souvenirs : Best buys are watches, cameras, typewriters
binoculars, record players, transitor radios, ivory chess sets, lacquer goods, wigs
diamonds, jewellery, silk blouses, furniture. Shopping hours are Q a.m.+ p.
daily.
'"When did the First Black People Go to America?" Student Weekly, 17 May 1893, 3 '1
Food : Some popular Chinese Mongolian Hot pot, Shanghainese
Cuisine, Century-old eggs, Peking Duck, Yum Cha or Dim Sum, and
Sharks'fin.
What to see : New Temtories, Victoria Park, Aberdeen, Tiger Balm Gardens,
Fung Ping Shan Museum.
Tours : Numerous sightseeing to ng Kong, Kowloon and the New
Territories are available as well as boat tours of the harbour and Outer Islands.
There is a regular ferry service to the picturesque Portuguese province of Macau
and its gambling casinos. There is no air service to Macau. The Hong Kong Tourist
Association Information Centre is at Star Ferry Teminal, Connought Road, and the
Kowloon Information Centre is at Star Ferry Concourse.'
Q ~ O I J iduuwna~udscinw ...................................................... -
1 *I.C. Richards, Break Through I (Oxford: Oxford University, ~ s s r ) , sa
When You ~pplp for a Job ,
Vacancy (4 = an unfilled position in a company
executive job placement = a company that finds people for
agency (n) executive position
resume (n) = a summary of one's self; an abstract
fee (n) . = money paid for a service
letter of recommendation (n) = .letter written to praise sorneone as
being good for a job
references (n) = pieoes of written information about
&meone's character, ability
personel (n) = the department in a company that
deals with all the people in the,
company. This department takes
care of the people's complaints and
problems and sometimes is in charge
impression (n)
f m a t (n)
erasure (n)
mcmitier (n)
EN;306
of hiring new people.
-- idea of feeling
= the general plan or arrangement of
something
= a place on a piece of paper where
the writing has been erased
= a person who finds people for jobs
interviewee (n) = a person going for an interview,
the person giving the interview is
called "interviewer."
Where do you find out about job vacancies? Look in the newspaper. For *
example, in The Nation, the Gold Pages has a Job Opportunities section wheFe P
positions available in various companies are listed. The Job Bazaar is another
important place for people looking for jobs. In addition, don't forget that you can
apply for a job at any time at large companies.
If you are aiming for a management position, you can apply at executive job
placement agencies. You can find a list of them in the Yellow Pages of the
telephone book. These agencies are hired by a company to find a person to fill a
vacancy for an executive position. If you keep your qualifications and msurne
on file with the agency, you will not be charged a fee for the placement service.
If you apply at a company by yourself, make sure that you bring along your
documents, certificates, letters of recommendation, references and photos. Your P
photos, by the way, should not be more than a year old.
c Most large companies will ask you to fill out an application form when you
f i t apply. Before you begin writing, ask which language you should use on the
form; don't assume that since the company is in Thailand, the fom should be
filled out in Thai.
This application form will be the fmt thing the personel oficer (or the'
person involved in the hiring) will see. If you fill out the form incompletely or
messily, you will give the offi&t-;a bad impression. about you. You should also .
be as accurate and truthful as you can.
If you apply to a company by letter, you should follow d~ format that mod
companies expect. The letter comes in two parts: an introductory let& and a
resume (or curriculum vitae, as it is often called). The introductory letter should
be well-written, with correct grammar and spelling and no erasures. Tell as .
much about yourself as possible: your pemnal goals, experiences, special talents < l A * , G
and why this position interests you. -
The mume gives your name, address (and &ph- number, if possible) m
the upper left-hand side of the paper. It also gives your age, education, and then
qualifcations.
Lit the job positions you have held-the last positian first--and be sure to 1". '
include your title, name of employer, address, length of time you have worked s
there and a description of your duties. I .
The letter and the resume should be typed (if possible) on plain, white, and - 8
unlined paper. $8 i
When you go for an interview, don't forget that how you pnesent yourself to q r , *
a futum employer or job placement recruiter is very important. Look smart; ' $
look clean, nest and tidy. You don't have to be expensively dressed--yau just
have to look as if you know what you are ,,doing. 3 I '
One. point many job interviewees forget is that they should study ,the
qmpany in which they hope to work. Y q dpntt need to know every little &tail
about the company, but you should know, the type of product or service she
company OBIS, the name of the president or general manager, and the locatibn
of the head offrce.
If youtm applying for a specific position, you should be a w m of some other
details too. For example, if you want to be a salesperson, you should have an
idea of who the company's competitors a~e.
Above all, when you go for that interview, you must show 6eIf-cddent. A
neat appearance and a little knowledge about the company will help you. And
m e r stop thinking, "I am good enough for a position in this company."
"as if" is a conjunction to &ow 'the unreal rheaning in adverb clause of
manner, e.g.
1. Present. + as if + past tense (past subjunctive) showing the
unreal condition at present.
She sines as if she were a singer.
You just have to look as if' you what you are doing.
2 Past + as if + past perfect showing the umal condition in the past.
u Whan you apply for a job," The, 19 September 1984, 1.
228 EN 306
A) Answer the following questions.
1. How do you find out about job vacancies?
................................................................................................................................. 2. If you apply for a job by yourself, what will a company ask you to
do first?
3. What are the two parts of the letter of application you have to send
to a company?
................................................................................................................................. 4. What is one point that many job interviewees forget?
5. If you are applying for the position of salesperson (in a company),
what should you know before you go for the interview?
................................................................................................................................. 6. What information should be given in a resume? Tell as much as
you can.
B) Discussion Questions. I . 1. Give your own idea why some application forms can't be filled out
in Thai, though the company is in Thailand?
.................................................................................................................................
2. Discuss "The Job Bazaar" on the following points:
.................................................................................................. 2.1 What is it? I ......................................................................................................................
..................................................................................... 2.2 How useful is it?
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'EN 306
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/
Many p p l e miss Flores
one of Indones beautiful islands
Words You may not Know
ravine (n) = a long deep hollow in the earth's surface
traverse (v) = pass across or through
breathtaking (a&) = very excitedly
majestic (adj) = having dignity and nobility
shroud (v) = cover; enfole hide
lush (adj) = fresh and p n
banyan (4 = an East Indian big tree from whose branches
grow shoots
scuba (n) = equipment worn by divers or breathing under . water
snorkel (n) = a hathing tube extending above the surface
of the water
coral (n) = a hard," stony substance like limestone built
up by small matuxes in the sea
repUte (v) = consider; generally s u p or regard
brsckp~krs (n)
predicament (n)
I
= campers or hikers wearing a backpack
= peqilexing situation; unpleasant condition
virtually (adv) = practically in effect
intervals (n) = a period of time between two events
bum~i(adj) = having a constant up and down motion
winding (adj) 7 that winds or tums
spectcscular (adj) = unusual to a striking degree
encounter (v) = meet face to face; meet unexpectedly
tribesman (n) = a member of a tribe
One l i i in the chain of Indonesia islands that stsetch east of Bali towards \
T i o r and Australia is Flores, a beautiful but forgotten land that few travellers
visit. Most people seem to circle Floms, stopping instead at Bali, Kalimantan
and Timor. Rores is so often simply passed by.
Not many people even know the island exists until they xally study the map
of Indonesia. It has a most un-Indonesian name, one given to it by the 16th
Centwy Portugese explorer, S.M. Cabot. After encountering stretches of flowers
along the coast, he called it Flores, which means "flowers." Ironically, them are
few flowers on Flores except in the jungles. Sailors have always called F lms 1
stone island because of the stony mountains, deep ravines and frequent
landslides.
In the mgion called Nusatenggara, itself a little-known and traversed place
(at least compare to Bali), Flores is one of Indonesia's most bmathtakhgly
beautiful islands. The ,majestic mountains, blue in the distance with peaks
shrouded in mist, shelter deep green valleyer~gard lush tropical jungle thick with
bamboo and spreading banyan trees.
Flores has two types of travellens. One 00me-s to scuba dive and m&l in
the clear coral waters off the western coast, mputed to be among the best in the
world for the kind of sport. The other traveller is the young western backpack,
who wants to climb to the summit to &.e the volcano on Mount Kelimutu.
Getting to Flores can be a bit of a problem, especially if you have never
heard of the island and are not sum where to start. You will frnd many travel
agents in a similar pdicatnent to yourself. Try a map fird, or a travel agent
who Specializes in arranging trips to Indonesia
The best way is to fly to Denpastir, in Bali, from where them m flights to
some of the main towns in Flms, such as Maumere, Ende, Ruteng,
Labuhanbqjo and Kupang, which is on the island of Timor. There am also
flights from Kupang to various towns in Flores.
It is virtually impossible to d m a ticket from Denpasar to
Maumere, unless you book months in advance. Even then, who knows. You
will almost certainly be told the flight is fully booked. Agents say they never
get prompt replies to their telexes.
It's better to go to Denpasar and simply take your chance. Most of the time .
you may find that the flight you were told was fully booked is half-empty.
You can also reach Flores by boat fkom Sape, on Sumbawa. Fenies usually
dock at Labuhanbajo, on the western tip of Flores, after also making a stop at the
island, of Komodo. There are also cargo ships that s,tq at this port at regular \
intervals, p b Reo, Borong, Ende and Maurnere.
One of the best way to see Flow is by road, although it must be pointed out
that the mountain roads are in truly bad shape. This makes 'travel slow, bumpy,
winding and dangerous in bad weather. There are 100-foot drops off narrow
roads and you can often fmd yourself worrying about whether the driver is tired
and whether the bridges will hold the weight of the vehicle.
However, the driver afford spectacular views of the countryside. You will
also encounter hill tribesmen on the way to market and you can stop at small
villages that you would otherwise miss if you were flying.
a nsns.iun13duud 3
Answer the following questions.
1. why is Flores called "Forgotten Island"?
.................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................. 2. What is the Indonesian name for Flores?
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
I
I
3. Name two kinds of travellers. Why do they visit Flores?
.................................................................................................................................
................................................................................ L................................L.............. r
4. Why did the author say that getting to Flores can be a bit of problem?
Explain.
6. Which is the best way for you to gd to Flores? Explain.
.................................................................................................................................
JWJI
Where To Stay
Words You may not Know
budget (n) = the amount of money; a plan adjusting expenses
pit = an enclosed m a ; the worst place I ,
establishment (n) = a thing established
off-peak season (n) = out of season; a period of time with few tourists
chaletlike (n) = any house or cottage in the chalet style . stilt (n) = a long post used to hold a building
decent (adj) = monably good; adequate
whip up (v) = to roue; excite
testimony (n) = any form of evidence, indication
omm mod at ion (n) = lodgings; room and board
locals (n) I = people in the district
tariff (n) = any list or scale of prices
opt for (v) = to make a choice
pictuesque (adj) = having a wild or natural beauty
primitive (adj) = belonging to the earliest time; old-fashioned
Where you stay =ally depends on what sort of traveller you are and the
value of your budget. But one thing is bcertain--you do not really have a big
choice. It is choice between the pits or something less than a tree-star hotel.
There are no fivestar establishments. The best hotel in Maumere is the Sea
World Club, which charges less than you would expect to pay in major Asian
cities, but at US$50 is nontheless expensive by standard in Flores. This is the
hotel at which scuba divers stay when they arrive in summer. If you travel
during the off-peak season, you may find you ate the only person staying there.
It is a beautiful development: chaletlike bungalows on stilts set amid
junglelike atea w k , at night, you can hear the call of bids and animals. the^
is also a swimming pool and a westemstyle restaurant where you can get a
decent cup of coffee and food other than the heavy coconutlaced padang variety
and which you rn bound to the of after a few days. When there am a few
guests, the cook might even whip up something you fancy.
However, don't expect five-star comforts. There is no running water until
you ask for it to be turned on. Thexe is hot water tap, but no hot water. If you
ask for hot water, it comes in buckets. You may even have to sharr: the
bathroom with a couple of spiders or beetles, but the bed sheets are clean--
testimony to the hotel's general cleanliness.
Elsewhexe, you take big chams on accommodation, what the/ locals consider
a good, clean hotel leaves a lot to be desired by most standards. Downmarket a
bit, there are hotels with tariffs in the region of $10 or $15, and some that have
- an even cheaper rate.
Some backpackers opt for the "homestays" w k h can be found along the
road to Kelimutu volcano. Most of them are in Moni, a small, pichuesque 4
farming town. The homestays are reasonably clean but primitive.
Read the following statements and write T (for true) or F (false) in front
of each item, according to the passage you read.
............ I. Tourists have many choices to choose where to stay on Flores.
............ 2. The quality of hotels you choose to stay depends on the amount of
money you have.
............ 3. You may choose from the pits to the five-star hotels.
............ 4. Sea World Club is a five-star hotel in Maumere.
............ 6. In major Asian cities, the hotel rate is less expensive than in Maumere.
............ 6.Off-peak season is the time you will see many tourists.
............ 7. The hotel at which scuba divers stay is the Sea World Club.
............ 8. If you have US$50, you can stay in the Sea World Club. \
.......... :. 9. Scuba divers usually come to Flores in summer.
.......... lo. Off-peak season is the summer time.
Words You may not Know ( Food & Facts)
hovel (n) = any small dwelling ; hut
tough (4~) = rough; aggxessive; bad
formica (n) = heat-resistant plastic used for table tops
diner (n) = a small mtaurant; a person who eats
stocky * heavily built; having a strong, often thick stem
legion (n) = a large group of people
scowl (v) = look in a bad-tempered way
clan (n) = a family; a group of people
wake-up call (n) = a service to wake somebody up
stash cv) = to put or hide away (a plce for hiding)
craggy (adj) = steep and rugged
huch (n) = a small bag or sack fastened to the belt; a purse
FOOD
One of the main problems on Flora is finding a decent place to eat, The
water is undrinkable, and the food in the e t s is too suspect to try. Many
wall eating places am little morc thb hovels, often crowded with tough types
who look as if they are waiting for some action. It's wise to stick to the better
places . . . if you can fmd them. Everyone-the taxi driver, the hotel people, the
guide book--said the Surya Indian was the best restaurant in town.
Right in the heart of Maumere, this Festaurant sells Indonesia padang food.
In fact, there are two restaurants by the same name along the same street. The
f a is appazlently so successful that the other opens. The first looks better than
the m d , with new, white plastic chairs (almost fashionable). The second is
upmarket restaurant. It resembles a small cantem, with fomica tabletops, steel
chairs with d plastic seats, flounw&nt lights and folded p e n and pink table
napkins. But it looks clean. '
The= arc a handful of other diners, mostly local men. The food is displayed
in the window and the diner selects h i s h r dish. The service is fast and the food
arrives piled high on one arm of a cheerful yet rather curious waiter. The order
includes beef rendang, squid curry, barbecued chicken, fiied p n vegetables
and white rice.
It is said that the avocado, while not having the same taste as those 'sold in
the supermarkets of Asia, is quite nice.
FACTS
In the 14th Century, F l o ~ s was part of h m i g h t y Majapahit Empire. The
Portugese came in the 16th Century on their way to the Spice Islands. Later,
Gowanese Muslim, from Celebes, invaded the island and, in the 19th Century,
the Dutch colonialists arrived. It was only in 1936 that civil rule was
established.
The people on Flores are a real mix, Many lwk almost Papuan with thick
curly, brownish hair, dark brown skin, flat wide noses and stocky bodies. In the
west of the island, they are mo= of Malay-hdonesian stock, while those in the
east, where the Portugese influence is strong, reflect some Portugese features.
Don't show an lnterest in anything unless you =ally intend to buy. A
mem question might find you surrounded by legions of people waiting to offer
other services. And you will find it bard to say 'no!
Do not drink the local water. Stick to bottled drinks or water. And
choose the best hote.1 at which to sleep and the best restziurant at which to eat.
Ask the bemo drivers. You won't be taken to the maharajah's palace, but a
clean place that isn't too expensive.
The hill tribes, which exist mostly by fanning, fishing and hunting, generally
practice slash and bum agriculture and the harvest 'is never enough to last the
whole year.
These hill people can be defensively hostile. They do not smile a lot. While
some, love to have their pictures taken, othem scowl. A 1,000 rupiah note
usually works wonders.
The people of Flores are often said to fight among themselves. However,
the crime rate in the towns is low. Stealing, in particular, is almost non-existent
because if a thief is caught, the whole tribe, clan or town will come after not
only him, but his family.
The only semi-modem hotel in Flores, the sea World Club, is off the
western coast and it appears to be slight geated up to foreign visitors. But, even
hem, thee me no phones, no hot water, no wake-up calls.
Take lots of rupiahs. There rn few banks to change money, even in the
towns, and most places will not accept credit cards. Those that a p only '
accept a limited amount. If you plan to buy antique ikats you need cash and a
big wallet to stash bulky rupiahs.
Forget about fashionable heels. Wear snealcers or good climbing shoes,
and lighweight clothes because of the intense and humid conditions. You need a
jacket when the tempera- drops in the hills. Even if you travel by jeep, you
may have to scale a few small craggy d a c e to enter mountain villages. It is
best to keep your money in pouches.
Discussion Questions.
1. What 'would you suggest to your friends about food and water when
they are staying at Flores?
I * Ann Peter, "Fogotten Island," Asis Magazine, 6-10 March la9 I, 31-39
1 2. According to the facts, how could you prevent yourself from being . I unintentionally surrounded by local people while you were looking at
local products?
.................................................................................................................................
3. Why did the author say that stealing rarely occurs on the island?
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
4. If you want to buy "antique ikats," can you pay by cheque? Why?
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
5. Concerning the weather there, should you bring an overcoat with you?
Explain.
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Customs Vary with Cultures
The following selection is chapter taken from a book called Living in ihc U.S.A.
by Alison Raymond Lanier, author and let-r on social change and behavior.
Judging fmm the book and chapter titles, what purpose do you think the author
had in writing this book? For what audience do you think she wrote it? When
you think of the word customs, what comes to your mind? Have you encountered
some American customs that have surprised you? Perhaps you will find an
explanation for them in this selection.
Customs Vary with Cultures
Many American customs will surprise you; the same thing happens to us
when we visit another country. People living in varied cultures handle many
small daily things differently. What a dull world it would be if this were not
true!
5 Some di&mnces are minor, and one onen becomes accustomed to them.
At fuS, for example, some foreign women may be startled at having their
hair cut and styled by men. -Visitors may be amazed to see men wearing
wigs. People {may find .the transitory quality of much American life odd-the
fact, for example, that one can rent art by the week or the entire furnishings
10 of an apartment, from sofa and beds to the last spoon, on less than eight
hours' notice. "Packaged" living is part of today's American scene.
I
The constant restless motion of Americans may be starting at
first. People in the flat Middle W& tHink nothing of driving seventy- I
five to a hundred miles just to have dinner with a friend; they go to a
15 far-off city for an evening of thiater or music or even a movie.
Countless young people select a college thousands of miles away f b m
familie8 "just a = another part d'he country." Barely in their btnq
they go off in droves to ace what li&~beyold
Our Lack of Knowledge A b u t Other Lands
You may come upon Americans who lack howledge about your
camtry. If so, be patient with ihem. Unfmhmtely, we do not teach
enough about other cultures, cum;, or even geography in om schoo~s
we have always been so insulated by ocxcm~ that we crrle not w y
exposed to diffixmt culturrts and other ways of doing things. If
25 Americans crudely try to help you with something that has long beea
totally familiar to you, if they comment on your good En@& when
you have spoken it all your lifk, if they confk your COUTWY with
another thousands of miles away, be patient. This huge contiamt has
been developed fiom virgin land ido the modtrn dynamo that it is
,30 now in a markably short time - about hundred years. We have
been absorbed with our own gmn@q with road building, city building,
ree education formillions of cbildrm, the assimilation of countless
strangers; with the inventions, discoveries, and &velupments that our
science catd technology haw contributed to th world Our attention
35 has been inward, not global, through most of these three hundFed years.
A"worldWsense has come to the United States only sime the end of
World WarII. Regrettably, most of us are still quite unfamiliar and
uninformed in regard to other lands.
4 n~nxwnxGura$ a
A) Tell which of the following statements about Americans are true and
which are false. Correct the false statements to make them true.
i
1. Americans often drive long distance to go to a play or a movie.
2. Americans frequently send their children to colleges far away from home.
I
3. Americans can rent some paintings and furniture to decorate their houses.
4. Americans, especially men, sometimes work as a hairdresser.
5. Americans study much about geography and other cultures in high school.
1. What does "the last spoon" mean?
2. How is "p~ckaged living" in America?
3. What does "Americau ~ ~ r r e " mean?
Doing Your Own Thing
40 Because our people have come from so many nationalities, there
is a far wider range of what is "acceptablef' than in some countries
where the inhabitants have grown up with a cammon heritage. As a
result, no one needs to feel uncomfortable in following his or her
customs. Although Americans are not noticeably infarmat, if you
45 pmfer somewhat gnxt formality, feel frtlee to act in your own way. This
will be accephble to those around you. As the young say, each
person can "do his own thing" and be respected here to a very large
extent.
Personal Questions
50 Conversational questions may seem to you both too personal a d
too numerous--especially when you frrst arrive. "where do you
work?'' "Are you married?,, "How many children do you have?" "Have . 1-
you taken your vacation yet?" arc not personal questions by American I
I f ' / standards. They atle a for qnmon ground on which to build a
55 relationship or base a conversation. Understand that such questions
are meant to be friendly; the questioner is intemsted in you; he or she
is not prying or being impertinent, or at least not deliberately so.
--
If you are asked questions that seem to you to be too ptsonal,
you need not answer them. You can simply smile or say pleasantly
60 that you "do not know" or "In my country that would be a fuxmy
question," or turn the questions gently aside by some comment such hs
''Isn't it iq temhg to see how diffmnt nationalitiw begin a
conversation?" or something similar. If you do that, follow it quickly
with another topic, or make same comment of yoiu own Ion variatione
65 in customs, or lead the conversation off in some other dkction. The
American will not be offended, but he or she will get the pint.
a ' nenzsor mzdaori 7
Answer the following questions.
1. Do Americans have a strong common heritage? Why or why not?
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
2. How do Americans feel whes they ask personal questions to strangers?
1 3. What does the passage tell you to do when you are asked personal I questions?
.................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................. \
\
Meeting People
The whole matter of narnes is a "cultw ahock" to many
people. Americans have a minimum feeling for "rank," especially
70 socially. Most do not the-lves enjoy being breated with special
mspect for age or position; it makes them uncomfortable. Many
Americans find even the tenns "Mr.," "Mns.," or "Ms." stiff and
formal. You hear people well beyond middle age say-even to
quite young people-"Just call me Sally (or Henry or Don)."
75 Being on fmt-name terms is taken hs a sign of acctptanct and
hdl incss . However, this need not bother you.
If you are not comfortable in following the boss's immediate
request to "Call me Anhw," it is quite all right. Just smile and
say "After a while perhaps, but thank you anyway" (meaning, for
80 feeling that kindly!).
What we do use, however, ae occupational titles. These
are conside~ed to be diffeknt, denoting a kgn i t ion that has b a n
earned-, not merely inherited. Occupations that most frequently
carry titles include: diplomats, members of the Senate (or certain
85 other top govemment posts), judges of the courts, military offioers
above a certain ra& medical doctors, ranking profbsom, prW,
rabbis, and some Protestant clergy. Example would be: Ambassador
Jones, Senator Smith, Govemor Rockcfiller, fudge Harky, Gerreral
aark, Doctor Brown (medical), Doctor Gtten PhD.), Father
90 White, Rabbi Cohen, Doctor (Bishop, Rcvmrend) Gray.
Blunt Speech
Bccausc we Americans come h varied ,backgrounds,
m h y of us lack full social graces and have remarkably small
vocabularies. Don't think we are being rude if we tend to speak in
monosyllables or answer with a mem "O.K.," "SUE," or 'Nope," or i
grcet you with "Hi." Chrr b v i t y is not a personal insult, though to
those accustomed to gracious phrases we are (and will seem) blunt. \
How much more courteous it is ta use the Japanese phrase "Ossore
irimashital'--'l am overpswt@d with admiration1'-in a &hop, for
example, than just to say "Too expensive" and turn away. Both
make it clear that since the price is too high the speaker is not
going to buy, but the Japanese way is undoubtedly mom p i o u s !
Sllence
Many Americans fmd silence amcomfortable: Thcy will
babble on to fill any quiebness, if it extends for mom than a
moment. Students often study with theis radios blaring; housewives (
leave televisions on for the "companianship" q sound even though
they may be working in some other room. If you axe silent for
long periods, they will do their best to "draw you out" or will ask
if you fecl all right or if W is anything they can do to help you.
OIle agpect of silcnce can be CM$Using, however; if Americans
diwgme with what you are saying, many of them will mmain
quiet. This may not indicate1 agrtement; often it only meam that
1
they consider it impolite to a r p kthr.
Msan Raymoad Lanier
,
e d n0n~auni~Geruw 13
A. Write T if the following statements are true and F if they are false
according to the article.
........... 1. Americans always call people with "Mr.," or "Ms." infront their
names.
........... 2. Americans often call people by their first names as soon as they
meet.
........... 3. Americans are more informal than people from many other
I countries. I I ........... 4. Americans consider silence an important part of one's life I
B. Discussion Questions
Discuss tht following situations about foreign students studying at
Amcricaa universities. h i & what each student should do . on A
RsrtFee enters the beauty parlor to get a hahut. A man comes to
wash and cut her hair. This makes her uacomfmb1e because she prefers
to have a woman fu her hair. She doesn't know if she should be silent,
say 80rncthhg or walk out.
At a b, Nita meets tbt pmfkmmr sh~ will work with in tbt
labaratory. He is very friendly and tells ber to d l him "Bob." She fecls
cod iud Sbe doesn't know if he means ahc should always call him by
his fvst name or only at certain thes.
i. Y 4 q d m r t n m a Caatoms Vary WMI Cultures
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mr~#di~f i ldud~~~~~~a~niw'uinn~i tsu 268 EN 306
Are Men More Creative than Women?
Throughout history it has been men, for the most part, who have
engaged in public life. Men have sought public achievement and
mgnition, while women have obtained their main *sfactions by
bearing and maring children. In women's eyes, public achievement makes
a man mom attractive as a marriage partner. But for men the situation is
reversed. The mare a woman achieves publicly, the less desirable she
seems as a wife.
Them are three possible positions one can take about male and
female cmativity. The fw is that males are inherently .mom creative in
all fields. The second is that if it wem not for the water appeal of
orcating and cherishing young human beings, females would be as creative
as males. If this were the cue, then if men wen 'permitted the enjoyment
women have always had in maring young children, male creativity might
be d u c e d also. (Them is some indication in the United Staks today that
this is so.) The third possible position is that certain forms of mt iv i ty
am mom congenial to one sex than to the other and that the p a t creative
a actswill h f m come from only one sex in a given field.
Margaret Mead
Selections frorn Some Pcwnsll Views, 1979 270 EN 306 .::':
*
wcr the follo-.
1. What connection does Margafiet Wead make between marriage
and public achievement? Do you agree?
2. What thee possible positions regarding male and female mativity
does Mead suggest? Are them other possible explanations? What
positon do you think is corrrect? Why?
3. What women can you think of who have been famous for their
creativity?
4. What fields can you think of that are dominated almost completely
by one sex? Can you think of reasons for this?
it is harder far warnen to excel in science, busincas,
art, or politics nowadays, or dd they have the sasm: Oppmtdtics as
men? Does this vary f h m one c u b to anobf? Explain.