Quiz WHEN?

• Ch 3, 48

48-1: 48-1: NutrientsNutrients

6 Classes of Nutrients6 Classes of Nutrients

1.1. CarbsCarbs

2.2. ProteinsProteins

3.3. LipidsLipids

4.4. VitaminsVitamins

5.5. MineralsMinerals

6.6. Water Water http://www.choosemyplate.gov/

Veggies w/ ALL essential AAs:Veggies w/ ALL essential AAs:

What’s this?What’s this?

• Carb?Carb?

• Lipid?Lipid?

• Protein?Protein?

What if you eat too many...What if you eat too many...

• Carbs?Carbs?

• Proteins?Proteins?

• Lipids?Lipids?

Vitamins & MineralsVitamins & Minerals

• Vitamins are called VITAMINS!!Vitamins are called VITAMINS!!• Minerals are things off the periodic Minerals are things off the periodic

table!!table!!

• You NEED BOTH!!! You NEED BOTH!!! – Vit – help enzymes work Vit – help enzymes work

• Some toxic– (fat-soluble) Some toxic– (fat-soluble)

– Min – building body structures, Min – building body structures, nerves/muscles, etcnerves/muscles, etc

Don’t want excess!!

Why do you need water?!?!

• Solvent!• Transport gases, nutrients,

waste• Chemical reactions• Body temperature

p. 984 #1-6, 9

Pineapple Lab!

48-2: Digestive System

Let’s Draw!Let’s Draw!

http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/visual_concepts/60953.htm

Opener, 9/26

• Start making a list…everything you ate and drank alllllllllllllllllllllll day yesterday!

The Digestive Enzymes:The Digestive Enzymes:let’s label a diagram!let’s label a diagram!

Site

Mouth

Stomach

Small intestine(from pancreas)

Small intestine

Site

Mouth

Stomach

Small intestine(from pancreas)

Small intestine

EnzymeEnzyme Role in DigestionRole in Digestion

Salivary amylase

Pepsin

Amylase

TrypsinLipase

Maltase, sucrase, lactase

Peptidase

Breaks down starches into disaccharides

Breaks down proteins into large peptides

Continues the breakdown of starch

Continues the breakdown of protein

Breaks down fat

Breaks down remaining disaccharides into monosaccharides

Breaks down dipeptides into amino acids.

Finish the Fast Food SheetFinish the Fast Food Sheet

• So, which has more CALORIES per So, which has more CALORIES per gram...gram...

– CarbsCarbs– ProteinsProteins– Lipids Lipids

Let’s LABEL...Let’s LABEL...

1. MOUTH: 1. MOUTH: – Mechanical digestion (chewing)Mechanical digestion (chewing)– Chemical digestion (salivary amylase)Chemical digestion (salivary amylase)

• Starch Starch maltose maltose

http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/visual_concepts/60953.htm

2. Esophagus2. Esophagus•bolus (food ball) moves bolus (food ball) moves down by down by peristalsisperistalsis

•through cardiac sphincter through cardiac sphincter to stomach to stomach

•NO DIGESTION HERE!NO DIGESTION HERE!

3. STOMACH3. STOMACH•““chyme”chyme”

•Protein digestion begins!Protein digestion begins!

•Mechanical DigestionMechanical Digestion

•muscles churn, physically break muscles churn, physically break down (3-4 hrs)down (3-4 hrs)

•Chemical DigestionChemical Digestion

•Inactive secretion of pepsinogenInactive secretion of pepsinogen

•@low pH: @low pH: pepsin pepsin

•Proteins Proteins dipeptides dipeptides

4. 4. No food thru here...No food thru here...Liver, Gall Bladder, PancreasLiver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas•Liver:Liver:

•Stores glucose (glycogen)Stores glucose (glycogen)•Makes proteinsMakes proteins•Breaks down toxinsBreaks down toxins•Makes bileMakes bile

•Gall bladder:Gall bladder:•Stores bile Stores bile released to sm int released to sm int digest fatsdigest fats

•Pancreas:Pancreas:•Insulin (blood sugar); raises pH of sm int;Insulin (blood sugar); raises pH of sm int;•Enzymes for carb, ptn, lipid, nucl acid digestionEnzymes for carb, ptn, lipid, nucl acid digestion

5. Sm Intestine5. Sm Intestine•If stretched out… > 21ft long!!If stretched out… > 21ft long!!

•3 sections3 sections•Duodenum, Jejunum, IleumDuodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

•AbsorptionAbsorption of end products of digestion of end products of digestion•AA, glycerol, fatty acids, monosaccharideAA, glycerol, fatty acids, monosaccharide

•Absorbed through villiAbsorbed through villi•Fingerlike projections Fingerlike projections

•Transferred to circulatory systemTransferred to circulatory system

6. Lg Intestine (colon)6. Lg Intestine (colon)•Peristalsis moves “leftovers” to lg Peristalsis moves “leftovers” to lg intint•Absorb water here, but nutrients Absorb water here, but nutrients already absorbedalready absorbed•Away it goes!!Away it goes!!

p. 991 #1-5

TEST TOMORROW!!

• REVIEW—– Quiz from Friday (Chapter 2)– Homeworks (Ch 2, 3, 48)

Opener Tues 9/29Opener Tues 9/29

p.1000#4,7,8,9,10,11,13,14,15,21