Quiz Chapter 20 - file · Web viewQuiz Chapter 20 Biology 6Name_____ MULTIPLE CHOICE....
Transcript of Quiz Chapter 20 - file · Web viewQuiz Chapter 20 Biology 6Name_____ MULTIPLE CHOICE....
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Quiz Chapter 20 Biology 6Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1)
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Which was developed by a British researcher and causes DNA sequences to be transferred to a membrane and identified with a probe?
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1)
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_______ A)
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RT-PCR B)
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Northern blotting C)
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Western blotting D)
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Eastern blotting E)
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Southern blotting 2)
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Bacteria containing a plasmid into which the eukaryotic gene has integrated would grow in
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2)
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_______ A)
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the nutrient broth only. B)
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the ampicillin broth and the nutrient broth. C)
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the nutrient broth and the tetracycline broth only. D)
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all four types of broth. E)
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the nutrient broth, the ampicillin broth, and the tetracycline broth. 3)
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Which of the following best describes the complete sequence of steps occurring during every cycle of PCR?1. The primers hybridize to the target DNA.2. The mixture is heated to a high temperature to denature the double stranded target DNA.3. Fresh DNA polymerase is added.4. DNA polymerase extends the primers to make a copy of the target DNA.
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3)
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_______ A)
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3, 4, 2 B)
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2, 1, 4 C)
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1, 3, 2, 4 D)
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3, 4, 1, 2 E)
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2, 3, 4 4)
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How does a genomic library differ from a cDNA library?
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4)
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_______ A)
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A genomic library varies, dependent on the cell type used to make it, whereas the content of a cDNA library does not.
B)
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The genomic library contains only the genes that can be expressed in the cell. C)
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The genomic library can be replicated but not transcribed. D)
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A genomic library contains only noncoding sequences, whereas a cDNA library contains only coding sequences.
E)
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A genomic library can be made using a restriction enzyme and DNA ligase only, whereas a cDNA library requires both of these as well as reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase.
5)
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RNAi methodology uses double-stranded pieces of RNA to trigger a breakdown or blocking of mRNA. For which of the following might it more possibly be useful?
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5)
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_______ A)
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to form a knockout organism that will not pass the deleted sequence to its progeny B)
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to raise the rate of production of a needed digestive enzyme C)
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to decrease the production from a harmful gain-of-function mutated gene D)
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to destroy an unwanted allele in a homozygous individual E)
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to raise the concentration of a desired protein 6)
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A researcher needs to clone a sequence of part of a eukaryotic genome in order to express the sequence and to modify the polypeptide product. She would be able to satisfy these requirements by using which of the following vectors?
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6)
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_______ A)
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a modified bacteriophage B)
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a bacterial plasmid C)
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BAC to accommodate the size of the sequence D)
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a YAC with appropriate cellular enzymes E)
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a human chromosome 7)
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The major advantage of using artificial chromosomes such as YACs and BACs for cloning genes is that
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7)
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_______ A)
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only one copy of a plasmid can be present in any given cell, whereas many copies of a YAC or BAC can coexist in a single cell.
B)
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plasmids are unable to replicate in cells. C)
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YACs and BACs can be used to express proteins encoded by inserted genes, but plasmids cannot. D)
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YACs and BACs can carry much larger DNA fragments than ordinary plasmids can. E)
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all of the above 8)
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Which of the following separates molecules by movement due to size and electrical charge?
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8)
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_______ A)
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DNA ligase B)
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gel electrophoresis C)
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gene cloning D)
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restriction enzymes E)
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reverse transcriptase 9)
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Yeast artificial chromosomes contain which of the following elements?
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9)
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_______ A)
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centromeres and telomeres only B)
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origin of replication only C)
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telomeres only D)
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centromere only E)
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centromere, telomeres, and an origin of replication
10)
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Which of the following is one of the technical reasons why gene therapy is problematic?
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10)
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______ A)
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Most cells with engineered genes overwhelm other cells in a tissue. B)
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Cells with transferred genes are unlikely to replicate. C)
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mRNA from transferred genes cannot be translated. D)
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Transferred genes may not have appropriately controlled activity. E)
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Most cells with an engineered gene do not produce gene product.
11)
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DNA microarrays have made a huge impact on genomic studies because they
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11)
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______ A)
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can be used to introduce entire genomes into bacterial cells. B)
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allow the expression of many or even all of the genes in the genome to be compared at once. C)
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can be used to eliminate the function of any gene in the genome. D)
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allow physical maps of the genome to be assembled in a very short time. E)
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dramatically enhance the efficiency of restriction enzymes.
12)
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Which of the following is most closely identical to the formation of twins?
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12)
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______ A)
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organismal cloning B)
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use of adult stem cells C)
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embryo transfer D)
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therapeutic cloning E)
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cell cloning
13)
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Which of the following techniques used to analyze gene function depends on the specificity of DNA base complementarity?
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13)
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______ A)
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in vitro mutagenesis B)
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restriction fragment analysis C)
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use of RNAi D)
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Northern blotting E)
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in situ hybridization
Figure 20.2
14)
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The segment of DNA shown in Figure 20.2 has restriction sites I and II, which create restriction fragments A, B, and C. Which of the gels produced by electrophoresis shown below best represents the separation and identity of these fragments?
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14)
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______ A)
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B)
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C)
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D)
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E)
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15)
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In 1997, Dolly the sheep was cloned. Which of the following processes was used?
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15)
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______ A)
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fusion of an adult cell's nucleus with an enucleated sheep egg, followed by incubation in a surrogate B)
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isolation of stem cells from a lamb embryo and production of a zygote equivalent C)
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use of mitochondrial DNA from adult female cells of another ewe D)
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replication and dedifferentiation of adult stem cells from sheep bone marrow E)
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separation of an early stage sheep blastula into separate cells, one of which was incubated in a surrogate ewe
16)
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How does a bacterial cell protect its own DNA from restriction enzymes?
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16)
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______ A)
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forming "sticky ends" of bacterial DNA to prevent the enzyme from attaching B)
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adding methyl groups to adenines and cytosines C)
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adding histones to protect the double-stranded DNA D)
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using DNA ligase to seal the bacterial DNA into a closed circle E)
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reinforcing the bacterial DNA structure with covalent phosphodiester bonds
17)
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As genetic technology makes testing for a wide variety of genotypes possible, which of the following is likely to be an increasingly troublesome issue?
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17)
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______ A)
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the need to legislate for the protection of the privacy of genetic information B)
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discrimination against certain racial groups because of major genetic differences C)
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using technology to identify genes that cause criminal behaviors D)
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use of genotype information to provide positive identification of criminals E)
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alteration of human phenotypes to prevent early disease
18)
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DNA fragments from a gel are transferred to a nitrocellulose paper during the procedure called Southern blotting. What is the purpose of transferring the DNA from a gel to a nitrocellulose paper?
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18)
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______ A)
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to prepare the DNA for digestion with restriction enzymes B)
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to attach the DNA fragments to a permanent substrate C)
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to separate out the PCRs D)
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to separate the two complementary DNA strands E)
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to transfer only the DNA that is of interest
19)
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Bacteria containing recombinant plasmids are often identified by which process?
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19)
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______ A)
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producing antibodies specific for each bacterium containing a recombinant plasmid B)
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examining the cells with an electron microscope C)
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exposing the bacteria to an antibiotic that kills cells lacking the resistant plasmid D)
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using radioactive tracers to locate the plasmids E)
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removing the DNA of all cells in a culture to see which cells have plasmids
20)
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Which of the following is used to make complementary DNA (cDNA) from RNA?
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20)
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______ A)
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gene cloning B)
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gel electrophoresis C)
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restriction enzymes D)
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reverse transcriptase E)
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DNA ligase