Quick Questions1.1.List statistics that highlight Glasgow’s special health problems.

2.Explain why it is important not to stereotype all people who live in Glasgow.

3.Identify and explain three reasons for ‘The Glasgow Effect’

4.Outline the meaning of ‘biology of poverty’

Lesson StarterHealth inequalities are the result of poor

lifestyle CHOICES rather than poor lifestyle CHANCES.

Do you agree with this statement? Why/ why not?

What will I learn? • To identify how lifestyle choices

can lead to health inequalities.

Success Criteria I can…

Provide evidence of health inequalities in Scotland and the UK in terms of:

• Lifestyle choices

Lifestyle Issues

• Poverty is a major contributing factor explaining health inequalities.

• However this does not explain why the health of Scots is worse.

• Unhealthy diets and obesity, smoking, drugs and alcohol - all lifestyle choices - play a crucial role in one’s health.

• The rise in the number of overweight children is a phenomenon.

Lifestyle Issues

•Social Class and Obesity

•Lifestyle and Smoking

•Alcohol and Drug Abuse

1. Social Class and Obesity• Obesity is a class issue.

• The lowest social class have levels of obesity that match American levels.

• While the highest social class have the lowest obesity levels.

• Lifestyle choices include levels of exercise, diet, eating junk food, alcohol consumption and smoking.

• Only one quarter of women ate the recommended 5 a day.

• Linked to income - 13% of women in the least deprived 20% of the population ate five portions of fruit and veg - compared to 28% in the top 20%.

2. Lifestyle and Smoking

• Smoking is an issue that is linked to social class and poverty.

• 2008 - 48% of adults in deprived areas of Scotland were smokers. Linked to poverty.

• More women die from lung cancer in Glasgow and Liverpool than anywhere else in the UK. Used to be men but the pattern has changed.

• It is clear that smoking is one factor that explains the different mortality rates between the social classes.

3. Alcohol and drug abuse

• Excessive consumption of alcohol leads to ill health with increased likelihood of illnesses such as high blood pressure.

• 2010 NHS health survey showed that Scots are more likely to be drinkers than anywhere else in the UK. More likely to binge drink.

• Increase in young people who drink. The youngest person found to have alcohol-related liver damage was a 17 year old boy who started drinking at the age of 12.

What will I learn? • To identify the gender

inequalities that exist in relation to health.

Success Criteria I can…

• Outline the inequalities that exist between men and women in relation to health.

• List and explain the reasons for these inequalities.

Lesson Starter

•How can lifestyle choices lead to health inequalities?

Explaining Gender Health Explaining Gender Health InequalitiesInequalities

•Women live longer than men by Women live longer than men by about 5 years but women have about 5 years but women have greater ill-health. Men have higher greater ill-health. Men have higher early death rates for almost all early death rates for almost all categories of death (but gap closing).categories of death (but gap closing).

• Men: take part in greater ‘risk-taking activities’ - generally smoke more, consume greater amounts of alcohol and have poorer diets, take part in dangerous sports and subject to more violence (although ‘ladette culture’ closing gap);

• Less likely to visit GP or take preventative care; do more physical/stressful manual labouring jobs. Women more likely to report illness at an earlier stage and therefore more likely to make use of their doctor.

• Pressures on men from social expectations and norms mean that they are more likely to suffer from health problems and death related to smoking, alcohol and fast driving.

• Women: biologically live longer therefore greater ill health as older; impact of having and bringing up children - physical and mental stress of caring for children and elderly relatives; poorer paid employment.

• More likely to be lone parents.

Women’s traditional domestic responsibilities lead them to suffer from higher levels of anxiety

and depression compared to males, particularly if they are poor and are

lone parents. Women are three times more likely than men to

be affected by depression.

Explaining Gender

Inequalities

EmploymentWomen with

children, middle-class women who

have paid employment suffer

less illness than women from the same class who

stay at home, while working class

women with a paid job have worse

health than those who don’t. Biological Reasons

Women’s role in reproduction can cause ill health.

PovertyWomen are more likely to suffer from poverty and there is a link between poverty and ill health. The reasons can be linked to

women’s position in society. May have to accept low paid jobs, head

lone- parent families.

IncomeWomen are twice as likely to live in

poverty. Life expectancy for women in the

poorest constituency is 75 compared to 82 for those in the most

affluent parts.

What will I learn? • To identify the link between

ethnicity and health.

Success Criteria I can…

• Outline the inequalities that exist amongst different ethnic groups.

• List and explain the reasons for these inequalities.

• The UK’s ethnic minority The UK’s ethnic minority groups experience ill-groups experience ill-health and life health and life expectancy rates similar expectancy rates similar to Whites in terms of to Whites in terms of social class, geographic social class, geographic location and gender. location and gender.

• However, there are also However, there are also differences in health differences in health e.g. Asians suffer more e.g. Asians suffer more heart disease and heart disease and Asian/Africans more Asian/Africans more strokes. strokes.

Ethnicity and Health Just as in the general population, poverty has an important impact on health in ethnic groups. Those groups that have incomes closest to the white population average, such as Indians, Africans, Asians and Chinese record health levels close to those of the white population. The groups that are poorest record significantly poorer levels of health. For example, Pakistanis and Bangladeshi record health levels that are 50% worse than whites.

Ethnicity

Disease and Diet•Ethnic minorities differ in their risk of suffering from

certain diseases. •Diabetes in particular is a problem for Pakistanis and

Bangladeshis, who are more than five times more likely to

suffer from it than white population.

• Pakistani and Bangladeshi men and women face a

higher risk of heart disease than average whereas

Chinese face a lower than average risk.

•Diet has a significant part to play in these variations. •Many ethnic groups may

have different diets because of cultural differences or to

meet religious requirements.

Culture•Culture has a significant impact on

lifestyle choice. For example, The Muslim religion does not permit the consumption

of alcohol. •As a result ethnic minorities suffer from

fewer diseases related to alcohol.

Barriers to accessing health care•Many members of the minority ethnic community fail to access health care

because of poor English language skills. •Often without knowing interpreters,

minorities have difficulty knowing what is available or explaining what the problem

is. •There are also cultural barriers. Different groups in the community have different ways of dealing with ill health and this may not be understood by health care

professionals in the UK.