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The Roman Republic

509 BCE – 30 BCE

The Roman Republic – Notes (page 1)

Class Structure in the Roman Republic

• Roman _____________________ _____

(1) ________ – ____________ ____________________

(2) _______ – _______________ __________________

Note: _____ did not belong to either class. ___________

________________________ _________________________


• Roman citizens were divided into _ classes

(1) ________ – ____________ ____________________

(2) _______ – _______________ __________________


________________________ _________________________


• Roman citizens were divided into 2 classes

(1) ________ – ____________ ____________________

(2) _______ – _______________ __________________


________________________ _________________________



(1) ________ – members of the oldest and richest

families

(2) _______ – _______________ __________________


________________________ _________________________



(1) patricians – members of the oldest and richest

families

(2) _______ – _______________ __________________


________________________ _________________________




families

(2) _______ – poorer people, such as farmers and

artisans


________________________ _________________________




families

(2) plebeians – poorer people, such as farmers and artisans


________________________ _________________________




families


Note: Slaves did not belong to either class. ___________

________________________ _________________________




families


Note: Slaves did not belong to either class. They were

not viewed as citizens! Slaves had a nickname - ______________




families


Note: Slaves did not belong to either class. They were

not viewed as citizens! Slaves had a nickname – “tools that talked”

• _______ (1) had the exclusive right _____

_______________________(a) ____________________ _________________ (b) ________________________ _________________________

• Patricians (1) had the exclusive right _____

_______________________(a) ____________________ _________________ (b)

________________________ _________________________

• Patricians (1) had the exclusive right to hold

offices both ___ and ______(a) ____________________ _________________

(b) ________________________ _________________________


offices both civil and religious(a) ____________________ _________________

(b) ________________________ _________________________


offices both civil and religious(a) because of this, they

had control over the ____ (b) ________________________ _________________________



had control over the gov’t (b) ________________________ _________________________



had control over the gov’t (b) this was true even though they were only ___ of the population



had control over the gov’t (b) this was true even though they were only 10% of the population

(2) “patrician” __________________ __________________

(2) “patrician” derives from the ____ word for _____ (____)

(2) “patrician” derives from the Latin word for _____ (____)

(2) “patrician” derives from the Latin word for father (____)

(2) “patrician” derives from the Latin word for father (pater)

(3) roles _________________(a) __________________________

_____________ (b) ____________ (c) ________________ (d) _________________________ ______________

(3) roles that patricians played(a) __________________________

_____________ (b) ____________ (c) ________________ (d) _________________________ ______________

(3) roles that patricians played(a) leaders and

representatives in the gov’t and Senate (b) ____________ (c) ________________ (d) _________________________ ______________


representatives in the gov’t and Senate (b) religious leaders (c) ________________ (d) _________________________ ______________


representatives in the gov’t and Senate (b) religious leaders (c) wealthy land owners (d) _________________________ ______________


representatives in the gov’t and Senate (b) religious leaders (c) wealthy land owners (d) businessmen (shipping companies,

warehouses, etc.)

(4) everyday ______________(a) marriage rules

* _______________________ _____________ *

most women _______________ ________ * most men _______________ ________

* men sought _____________ ______________ * divorce _________ * ______________________________________

(4) everyday lives of patricians(a) marriage rules

* _______________________ _____________ * most women _______________ ________ * most men _______________ ________



* people married to gain _____ and __________

* most women _______________ ________

* most men _______________ ________



* people married to gain wealth and social status * most women _______________ ________ * most men _______________ ________



* people married to gain wealth and social status * most women married around the

age of __ * most men _______________ ________ * men sought _____________ ______________ * divorce _________ * ______________________________________



age of 13 * most men _______________ ________ * men sought _____________ ______________ * divorce _________ * ______________________________________



age of 13 * most men married around the

age of __ * men sought _____________

______________ * divorce _________ * ______________________________________




age of 20 * men sought _____________

______________ * divorce _________ * ______________________________________




age of 20 * men sought to marry women

with large dowries* divorce _________* ______________________________________

dowry (noun) - _____________ ________________

__________________

dowry (noun) - money or property brought by a bride to her husband at

marriage

Business•Hand-backs•Tonight’s homework •W.O.W. •The Roman Republic (pats & plebs)

Oracle of Delphi





with large dowries* divorce _________* ______________________________________





with large dowries* divorce was common

* ______________________________________





with large dowries* divorce was common

* blended families with step- children were common

Note: Women were treated __________ __________________________ _____________

Note: Women were treated like property __________________________ _____________

Note: Women were treated like property and were supposed to ________ _____________

Note: Women were treated like property and were supposed to understand their inferiority.

They were also ___________________ _______

They were also encouraged to have ____ _______

They were also encouraged to have many children.

(5) patrician _____(a) lived in ___________________

____________________* ______________ *

______________________ _____

(5) patrician housing(a) lived in

___________________ ____________________ * ______________ * ______________________ _____

(5) patrician housing(a) lived in a domus - ___________

____________________* ______________

* ______________________ _____

(5) patrician housing(a) lived in a domus – type of

house owned by wealthy families * ______________

* ______________________ _____

(5) patrician housing(a) lived in a domus – type of

house owned by wealthy families * had multiple rooms * ______________________ _____

(5) patrician housing(a) lived in a domus – type

of house owned by wealthy families * had multiple rooms * had an indoor courtyard and garden

• _______(1) _____________________ _______

• Plebeians(1) _____________________ _______

• Plebeians(1) made up about __% of the

population

• Plebeians(1) made up about 90% of the

population

(2) “plebeian” __________________ ________________________

(3) represented by ________________ _________________

(2) “plebeian” derives from the ____ word for ___________ (____)

(3) represented by ________________ _________________

(2) “plebeian” derives from the Latin word for ___________ (____)

(3) represented by ________________ _________________

(2) “plebeian” derives from the Latin word for common people (____)

(3) represented by ________________ _________________

(2) “plebeian” derives from the Latin word for common people (plebs)

(3) represented by ________________ _________________


(3) represented by ______ in the gov’t of the Roman Republic


(3) represented by tribunes in the gov’t of the Roman Republic

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(4) roles ________________(a) ______(b) ______(c) ________________ (d) ________________________

(4) roles that plebeians played(a) ______(b) ______(c) ________________

(d) ________________________

(4) roles that plebeians played(a) farmers(b) ______(c) ________________

(d) ________________________

(4) roles that plebeians played(a) farmers(b) artisans(c) ________________

(d) ________________________

(4) roles that plebeians played(a) farmers(b) artisans(c) small business owners

(d) ________________________

(4) roles that plebeians played(a) farmers(b) artisans(c) small business owners

(d) any other job you can think of

Note: The plebeians had ___________ ___________________________

Note: The plebeians had important jobs that kept society alive and running

(5) plebeian _____(a) lived in ____________ __________________ *

____________________

(5) plebeian housing(a) lived in ____________ __________________

* ____________________

(5) plebeian housing(a) lived in _____ – large,

overcrowded tenements * ____________________

(5) plebeian housing(a) lived in insulae – large,

overcrowded tenements * ____________________


overcrowded tenements * stood _ to __ stories high


overcrowded tenements * stood 6 to 10 stories high

* rents ______________________ * ________________________ ______________ - ____________________ - _________________________ * very little _____

* rents were often impossible to pay * ________________________

______________- ____________________ -

_________________________ * very little _____

* rents were often impossible to pay * the higher the apartment, the ______________

- ____________________- _________________________ * very

little _____

* rents were often impossible to pay * the higher the apartment, the cheaper the price

- ____________________- _________________________ *

very little _____


- no water on higher floors - _________________________ * very little _____


- no water on higher floors - no fires/cooking on higher floors * very little _____


- no water on higher floors - no fires/cooking on higher floors * very little privacy

(b) the world’s first ______________ __________ * ________________________ _________________________ __________

(b) the world’s first ________ were in ancient Rome* ________________________

_________________________ __________

(b) the world’s first tenements were in ancient Rome

* ________________________ _________________________ __________


* they would forever change the way the ___ and

____________ lived in cities


* they would forever change the way the poor and

underprivileged lived in cities


* they would forever change the way the poor and

underprivileged lived in cities

How?

So…What the heck was the Roman Republic???

(1) Make the laws

(2) Have people to make surethe laws are followed

(3) Have people to settle disagreements about what

the laws really mean


The Founding of the Roman Republic

• 753 – 509 BCE – _________________ ___________________ (1) _________________________ _________ (2) __________________________ _____

• 753 – 509 BCE – Rome was a _______ (ruled by a single person)

(1) _________________________ _________

(2) __________________________ _____

• 753 – 509 BCE – Rome was a monarchy (ruled by a single person) (1) _________________________ _________ (2) __________________________ _____

• 753 – 509 BCE – Rome was a monarchy (ruled by a single person) (1) _ Etruscan kings ruled from 616 to 509 BCE

(2) __________________________ _____

• 753 – 509 BCE – Rome was a monarchy (ruled by a single person) (1) 3 Etruscan kings ruled from 616 to 509 BCE

(2) __________________________ _____


(2) last Etruscan king – __________ _____


(2) last Etruscan king – “Tarquin the Proud”

• 509 – 44 BCE (or 27 BCE) – _________ ______

(1) 509 BCE – ______________________________

• 509 – 44 BCE (or 27 BCE) – The Roman Republic (1) 509 BCE – ________________ ______________

• 509 – 44 BCE (or 27 BCE) – The Roman Republic (1) 509 BCE – ________ kicked out Tarquin the Proud

• 509 – 44 BCE (or 27 BCE) – The Roman Republic (1) 509 BCE – patricians kicked out Tarquin the Proud

(2) patricians established _______(a) _______________________ _______________________ (b)

in the beginning, _________ _____________________ ____________________

(2) patricians established a republic (a) republic - _______________ _______________________ (b) in the beginning, _________ _____________________ ____________________

(2) patricians established a republic (a) republic – type of gov’t where people choose their own rulers (b) in the beginning, _________ _____________________ ____________________

(2) patricians established a republic (a) republic – type of gov’t where people choose their own rulers (b) in the beginning, __________controlled and ran the gov’t

____________________

(2) patricians established a republic (a) republic – type of gov’t where people choose their own rulers (b) in the beginning, the wealthy controlled and ran the gov’t

(did not trust lone rulers)

The Roman Republic

• The Roman Republic ____________ _____

(1) each part ________________ _______________________

_______________* this is called _________ _________________

The Roman Republic

• The Roman Republic had _ branches (parts)

(1) each part ________________ _______________________

_______________* this is called _________ _________________

The Roman Republic

• The Roman Republic had 3 branches (parts)

(1) each part ________________ _______________________

_______________* this is called _________ _________________

The Roman Republic


(1) each part had its own jobs – no part of the gov’t was stronger than any other part

* this is called _________ _________________

The Roman Republic



* this is called a system of _________________

The Roman Republic



* this is called a system of “checks and balances”

l.e.j.

• 3 Branches _________________

(1) _______________________

• 3 Branches of the Roman Republic

(1) _______________________


(1) _____________ – make laws


(1) legislative branch – make laws

(a) _____ (like our _______)* __________________________ ______* jobs - __________ - ___________ - ____________________

____

(a) _____ (like our Congress)* __________________________ ______* jobs - __________ - ___________ - handled daily problems

of gov’t

(a) Senate (like our Congress)* __________________________ ______* jobs - __________ - ___________ - handled daily problems

of gov’t

(a) Senate (like our Congress)* ___ Senators - patricians

chosen for life* jobs - __________ - ____________ - handled daily problems

of gov’t

(a) Senate (like our Congress)* 300 Senators - patricians

chosen for life* jobs - __________ - ____________ - handled daily problems

of gov’t


chosen for life* jobs – proposed laws - ____________ - handled daily problems

of gov’t


chosen for life* jobs - proposed laws - advised consuls - handled daily problems

of gov’t

(b) _______ * all _______________________ ___________________

______* jobs – ______________

- __________ - ____________

(b) assembly * all _______________________ ___________________

______* jobs – ______________

- __________ - ____________

(b) assembly * all Roman citizens (plebeians

and patricians who are not in Senate)

* jobs – ______________ - __________ - ____________



* jobs – voted/passed laws - __________ - ____________



* jobs – voted/passed laws - declared war - ____________



* jobs – voted/passed laws - declared war - elected consuls

(c) ______ * _____________________ _____* ________________* jobs - ___________________

- ____________________ __________________

_____________________

(c) ______* _____________________ _____* ________________* jobs – protected plebeian

class - ____________________ __________________

_____________________

(c) tribunes * _____________________ _____* ________________* jobs – protected plebeian

class - ____________________ __________________

_____________________

(c) tribunes * 2 to 10 men who served in

Senate* ________________* jobs – protected plebeian

class - ____________________ __________________

_____________________


Senate* elected by _______* jobs – protected plebeian

class - ____________________ __________________

_____________________


Senate* elected by assembly* jobs – protected plebeian

class - ____________________ __________________

_____________________


Senate* elected by assembly* jobs - protected plebeian class

- could ___ any law Senate tried to pass, esp. if

it was unfair to the plebeians


Senate* elected by assembly* jobs - protected plebeian class

- could veto any law Senate tried to pass, esp. if it was unfair to the plebeians

(1) How many branches did the Roman Republic have?


(2) What were the names of the branches?



(3) What did the legislative branch do?




(4) What were 3 important bodies within the legislative branch?




(4) What were 3 important bodies within the legislative branch?

(5) In order to make sure that nobody had too much power, the Romans set up a system of c_____ and b______.

(2) __________________________

(2) _____________ – carry out laws

(2) executive branch – carry out laws

(a) _____ (like our president) * ____________________________

____* jobs – ___________________

_____ - ____________________

_________ - ______

(a) consuls (like our president) * ____________________________

____* jobs – ___________________

_____ - ____________________

_________ - ______

(a) consuls (like our president) * _ consuls – each elected for _-

year term* jobs – ___________________

_____ - ____________________

_________ - ______

(a) consuls (like our president) * 2 consuls – each elected for _-

year term* jobs – ___________________

_____ - ____________________

_________ - ______

(a) consuls (like our president) * 2 consuls – each elected for 1-

year term* jobs – ___________________

_____ - ____________________

_________ - ______


year term* jobs – had to agree before law

passed - ____________________

_________ - ______



passed - could reject (___) laws of

other consul - ______



passed - could reject (veto) laws of

other consul - ______

(a) consuls (like our president) * 2 consuls - each elected for 1-


passed - could reject (veto) laws of

other consul - led army

(3) ___________________________ ________________________ (a)

____________________

(3) ___________ – decide if laws are broken & what punishments

are (a) ____________________

(3) judicial branch – decide if laws are broken & what punishments are (a) ____________________

(3) judicial branch – decide if laws are broken & what punishments are (a) ______ – judges of Rome

(3) judicial branch – decide if laws are broken & what punishments are (a) praetors – judges of Rome

450 BCE – _________________

450 BCE – Law of ___________

450 BCE – Law of the 12 tables

(1) ________________________ _________________________ _____________________

(1) written laws on _____ tablets placed in the __________ so all could read and memorize it

(1) written laws on bronze tablets placed in the __________ so all could read and memorize it

(1) written laws on bronze tablets placed in the Roman Forum so

all could read and memorize it

(2) applied to _______________ _______

(2) applied to both ________ and _______

(2) applied to both patricians and _______

(2) applied to both patricians and plebeians

(3) big step ____________________ ____________

(a) 250 BCE - ______________ _______________________

_____________

(3) big step in the direction of a more ________ gov’t

(a) 250 BCE - ______________ _______________________

_____________

(3) big step in the direction of a more democratic gov’t

(a) 250 BCE - ______________ _______________________

_____________


(a) 250 BCE - another big step – _______________________

_____________


(a) 250 BCE - another big step – _______ were finally able

to hold public office


(a) 250 BCE - another big step – plebeians were finally

able to hold public office

*** Note – In 27 BCE, ________ ___________________________ _____________________________

*** Note – In 27 BCE, the Roman Republic ended - ______________ _____________________________

*** Note – In 27 BCE, the Roman Republic ended – the 1st emperor, ____________, took over the gov’t

*** Note – In 27 BCE, the Roman Republic ended – the 1st emperor, Augustus Caesar, took over the gov’t

Patricians made up 90% of the population.

If the plebeians worked hard enough, they could become patricians.

The last Etruscan king of Rome was named Tarquin the Proud.

Roman women were treated like property.

Patricians controlled the government.

Male patricians and female patricians got married around age 13.

A domus was nicer than an insula.

The son of Tarquin the Proud killed Lucretia.

The legislative branch of the Roman Republic made the laws.

The Roman Senate was like our Congress.

When one of the Roman consuls vetoed an act of the other Roman consul, this was an example of the system of ________________ in the Roman Republic.

Today in Washington, DC a law passed by the U.S. Congress (legislative branch) and supported by President Obama (executive branch) is being evaluated by the U.S. Supreme Court (judicial branch) to decide whether or not it is constitutional. This is an example of the system of _______________ in the U.S. republic.

The system of checks and balances is important because ____________________ ______________________ _________.

When one of the Roman consuls vetoed an act of the other Roman consul, this was an example of the system of ________________ in the Roman Republic.

When one of the Roman consuls vetoed an act of the other Roman consul, this was an example of the system of checks and balances in the Roman Republic.

Today in Washington, DC a law passed by the U.S. Congress (legislative branch) and supported by President Obama (executive branch) is being evaluated by the U.S. Supreme Court (judicial branch) to decide whether or not it is constitutional. This is an example of the system of _______________ in the U.S. republic.

Today in Washington, DC a law passed by the U.S. Congress (legislative branch) and supported by President Obama (executive branch) is being evaluated by the U.S. Supreme Court (judicial branch) to decide whether or not it is constitutional. This is an example of the system of checks and balances in the U.S. republic.

The system of checks and balances is important because ____________________ ______________________ _________.

The system of checks and balances is important because it makes sure that no one person or one group becomes too powerful.

(Top)

2 Consuls

• Preside over Senate

• Commander in Chief during war

• Supreme Judges when needed

• Veto power over each other

• Hold position 1 year

(Right)

10 Tribunes

• Protect rights of plebeians

• Veto power over laws

(Bottom Right)

Assembly of Centuries

• Plebeians and patricians

• Elect Consuls

• Elect Censors…

• Elect Praetors…

• Could declare war or ratify peace treaties

(Bottom Left)

Assembly of Tribes

• All plebeians

• Elect Tribunes

• Elect Questors (Treasurers)

• Enact laws

• Conduct minor trials

(Left)

Senate

300 Senators

• Foreign and military matters

• Finances and public lands

• Appointments

• State religion

• Hold office

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