Quia - Chapter 34 - PPT
Transcript of Quia - Chapter 34 - PPT
Franklin D. Roosevelt & the Shadow of War
Chapter 34
London Conference
• 66 nations converge to discuss exchange rates & currency stabilization
• FDR opposed conference– Supported inflation & lack of gold standard
• Crushed conference
Freedom for (from?) the Filipinos & Recognition for the Russians
• Economically hard to engage in imperialism– Philippines independent in 12 yrs (1946)
• FDR officially recognizes USSR
Becoming a Good Neighbor
• U.S. endorses nonintervention in Latin America– Out of Haiti, Panama, & Cuba
• U.S. oil companies lose $ when FDR relies on words to solve problems
Secretary Hull’s Reciprocal Trade Agreement (1934)
• Relief & Recovery
• FDR able to lower tariffs if reciprocated– 21 countries by end of 1939
• International trade increases
Storm‐Cellar Isolationism
• Trouble in Europe (Hitler, Germany, etc.)
• Japan builds empire– Withdraws from naval treaties
• Italy invades Ethiopia
• Johnson Debt Default Act (‘34) – No further loans to countries in debt to U.S.
• Sentiment to prevent Congress from declaring war unless invaded
Congress Legislates Neutrality
• Blame for WWI placed on arms manufacturers
• Neutrality Acts– Illegal to sell arms (weapons) or give loans to nations at war if Pres. says war has been declared
• U.S. ignores rest of world & possible chance to ensure peace
America Dooms Loyalist Spain
• Spanish Civil War (‘36‐’39)
• Fascists aid rebels, USSR aids loyalists– FDR ignores loyalist pleas
• Democracies watch Spain fall to fascists
• Lack of U.S. military upkeep & growth end sense of deterrence – Mistake later realized
Appeasing Japan & Germany
• FDR refuses to recognize war between Japan & China– Continues selling arms to both sides
• FDR seeks to quarantine Euro aggressors– Backs off after angry response
• Japan sinks U.S. ship, apologizes, U.S. relaxes
• U.S. aids in German appeasement
Hitler’s Belligerency & U.S. Neutrality
• Nazi‐Soviet Pact eliminates eastern ally
• Germany invades Poland (Begins WWII)
• U.S. revises Neutrality Acts for “Cash‐&‐Carry”– If paid in cash, & transported by foreign ships, U.S. can sell arms to warring countries
• Need for U.S. arms ends unemployment
Fall of France
• Hitler ends “phony war” by invading France– France collapses (after 1 month)
– Allied army escapes at Dunkirk
• FDR builds navy & fleet ($37 billion)– Re‐instates draft
• U.S. no longer really neutral
Bolstering Britain with the Destroyer Deal (1940)
• Battle of Britain (Aug ’40 – May ‘41)– Britain seeks U.S. sympathy & aid
• U.S. split over sympathy & isolationism
• U.S. gives 50 WWI destroyers to Britain
FDR Shatters the Two‐Term Tradition (1940)
• R – Wendell Wilkie, D – FDR
• Little real difference in campaigns– Republicans attack FDR’s “dictatorship”
• FDR wins easily– Americans not willing to change leaders in crisis
Congress Passes the Landmark Lend‐Lease Law
• England going broke w/ “cash & carry”
• U.S. able to lend, loan, lease, etc. arms & $– FDR promises “arsenal of democracy”
• U.S. no longer neutral
• Germany begins targeting U.S. ships
Hitler’s Assault on the Soviet Union Spawns the Atlantic Charter
• June 1941 – Hitler invades USSR
• FDR extends lend‐lease to USSR
• Atlantic Charter (Similar to Fourteen Points)– Churchill & FDR decide that primary goal is destruction of Germany
– Self‐determination
U.S. Destroyers & Hitler’s U‐boats Clash
• U.S. destroyers protect convoys to Britain
• German u‐boats sink U.S. destroyers
• U.S. remains neutral
Surprise Assault on Pearl Harbor
• U.S. ceases oil and steel imports to Japan– Japan views as an act of war
– U.S. opposes Japan’s dominance in Pacific
• Dec. 7, 1941 – Japan bombs Pearl Harbor– U.S. declares war on Japan
America’s Transformation from Bystander to Belligerent
• Pearl Harbor unites U.S. in support of war
• U.S. forced to focus on Germany & Japan