Question paper Delhi 2017 Set 1 CBSE Class 12 Pol Science · CBSE Class 12 Pol Science General...
Transcript of Question paper Delhi 2017 Set 1 CBSE Class 12 Pol Science · CBSE Class 12 Pol Science General...
QuestionpaperDelhi2017Set1
CBSEClass12PolScience
GeneralInstructions:
Allquestionsarecompulsory.
Questionsnumber1–5areofonemarkeach.Theanswerstothesequestionsshould
notexceed20wordseach.
Questionsnumber6–10areoftwomarkseach.Theanswerstothesequestions
shouldnotexceed40wordseach.
Questionsnumber11–16areoffourmarkseach.Theanswerstothesequestions
shouldnotexceed100wordseach.
Questionsnumber17–21areoffivemarkseach.Theanswerstothesequestions
shouldnotexceed150wordseach.
Questionnumber21isamap-basedquestion.Writeitsanswersinyouranswerbook.
Questionsnumber22–27areofsixmarkseach.Theanswerstothesequestions
shouldnotexceed150wordseach.
1.StateanyonespecialfeatureofIndo-Russianfriendship.
Ans.SpecialfeatureofIndia–SovietFriendship:
(i)RussiaisimportantforIndia’snuclearenergyrequirementandspaceindustry
(ii)TheIndianmilitarygetsmostofthehardwarefromRussia
(iii)India-USSR20yearstreatyoffriendship
2.WhichoneofthefollowingwasapartofitsglobalwaronterrorismbytheU.S.?
(a)‘OperationDesertStorm’
(b)ComputerWar
(c)‘OperationEnduringFreedom’
(d)VideogameWar
CoolGyan.Org | A Portal For Complete Education
Ans.OperationEnduringFreedom
3.Giveanyoneexampletoshowthateventstakingplaceinonepartoftheworldcould
haveanimpactonanotherpartoftheworld.
Ans.Manyeventshappeninginonepartoftheworlddoaffecttheotherpartsoftheworld
as
TheBirdflu
OR
anyotherhealthepidemic
OR
Majoreconomicevents
OR
Tsunami
4.WhathasbeentheideologyofleftpartiesinIndia?
Ans.LeftpartiesinIndiabelieveintheideologyofMarxism,Socialism,Maoism,Egalitarian
Society,State-ownership,pro-poorprogrammes.
5.HowfaristhedemandforreservationbeyondSCs,STsandOBCsjustified?
Ans.AllothersbeyondSCs,STs,andOBCs,whodeservetobenefitfromthepolicyof
reservationmustbeconsidered.
OR
Thereshouldbenoreservationandeverybodyshouldbeconsideredequal.Oranyother
relevantanswer
6.Startinginthe1960s,thetwosuperpowerssignedwhichtwosignificantagreements
tocontrolarms?
Ans.(i)LimitedTestBanTreaty
CoolGyan.Org | A Portal For Complete Education
(ii)NuclearNon-ProliferationTreaty(NPT)
OranyotherrelevantTreaty
7.AssessthecommonlyagreedupontwogoalsvisualizedbytheIndiansduringthe
nationalmovementwhichhavebeenfulfilledafterindependence.
Ans.Thegoalswere:
(i)Ideasofdemocracy/freedom/equalityandsecularism
(ii)Theupliftmentofthesociallybackwardanddisadvantagedgroups(SocialJustice)
Oranyotherrelevantexample.
8.MatchthefollowingleadersinList–AwiththesuitablestatementsinList–B:
List-A List–B
(a)LalBahadurShastri(i)FounderofCommunistPartyofIndia
(Marxist-Leninst).
(b)C.NatarajanAnnadurai (ii)FounderofD.M.K
(c)CharuMajumdar(iii)AMemberofParliamentfrom1952
tillhisdeathin1986.
(d)JagjiwanRam(iv)Coinedthefamousslogan‘JaiJawan–
JaiKisan’.
Ans.a)--------(iv)
(b)--------(ii)
(c)--------(i)
(d)--------(iii)
9.Inyouropinion,wasAnandpurSahibResolutionapleaforstrengtheningfederalism
orapleaforseparateSikhnation?
CoolGyan.Org | A Portal For Complete Education
Ans.Thecandidatemayagreethatitstrengthenedfederalismbecauseitredefinedthe
center-staterelationsandfulfilledtheaspirationsoftheSikhstosomeextent.
OR
ThecandidatemaydisagreebymentioningitthatitwasapleafordemandofaseparateSikh
Nation.
10.Assesstheroleofdemocraticnegotiationsinrespondingtoregionalaspirations.
Ans.Democraticnegotiationshaveplayedaconstructiveroleinaddressingregional
aspirationsexamplePunjabAccord,AssamAccord,RajivGandhi-LaldengaAccord(Mizoram
Accord)
11.DescribethefourmajorobjectivesofASEANEconomicCommunity.
Ans.ObjectivesofASEANEconomicCommunity
(i)TocreateacommonmarketandproductionbasewithintheASEANStates.
(ii)Toprovidesocialandeconomicaid
(iii)ToimprovetheexistingASEANDisputeSettlementMechanism
(iv)TocreateaFreeTradeArea.
12.Whatismeantbyalliancebuildingasacomponentoftraditionalsecuritypolicy?
Stateitsadvantages.
Ans.Ans.AnallianceisacoalitionofStatesthatcoordinatetheiractionstodeterorto
defendagainstmilitaryattack.Mostalliancesareinwriting.
ADVANTAGES
(i)Alliancesareformedtoincreasetheeffectivepowerrelativetoanothercountryor
alliance.
(ii)Theyarebasedonnationalinterest.
13.HighlightanyfournegativeconsequencesofglobalizationforthepeopleofIndia.
CoolGyan.Org | A Portal For Complete Education
Ans.NegativeConsequencesofGlobalisationcrops.
(ii)Fearoflossoflivelihoodforthesmallretailers.
(iii)ToughcompetitionforIndianMNC’sfromforeignMNC’s
(iv)FearoferosionofIndianCulturebyforeigninfluence
(i)LeadstolossforthefarmersiftheexpensiveseedsfromMNC’sfailtheir
14.ExplainthecircumstancesthatledtotheaccessionofHyderabadtoIndia.
Ans.CircumstancethatledtotheaccessionofHyderabadtoIndia:
(i)StandstillagreementwiththeNizam.
(ii)PeasantsrevoltagainsttheoppressiveruleoftheNizam,alsosupportedbywomen.
(iii)TheCommunistsandCongresswereintheforefrontofthemovement.
(iv)Nizamrespondedbyunleashingparamilitaryforces.
(v)CommunalatrocitiesbyRazakars.
(vi)Indiangovernment’smilitaryactionandHyderabad’saccessontoIndia
15.HowdidthemethodsofvotinginfreeIndiagoonchangingfromtimetotimetill
day?Explainthereasonsalso.
Ans.ChangingmethodofvotinginIndia
Inthefirstgeneralelectionin1952,therewasaboxwiththenameofthecandidate
andhis/herelectionsymbol.Eachvoterwasgivenablankballotpapertobedropped
intotheboxofthecandidateofhisorherchoice.
Afterthefirsttwoelectionsthismethodwaschanged.Nowtheballotpapercarried
thenamesandsymbolsofallthecandidates.Thevoterwasrequiredtoputthestamp
onthenameofthecandidateofhis/herchoice.Thiswastobeplacedinsideabox
commonforall.Thissystemcontinuedforyears.
Towardstheendof1990’stheElectionCommissionstartedusingtheEVM’sor
ElectronicVotingMachines.NowthisisusedalloverIndia.
CoolGyan.Org | A Portal For Complete Education
16.AnalyseanyfourfactorsresponsibleforthedownfalloftheJanataGovernmentin
1979.
Ans.FactorsresponsibleforthedownfalloftheJanataGovernment
(i)TheJantaPartycouldnotkeeptogetherduetointernalconflict.
(ii)Itlackeddirectionandleadership
(iii)Itlackedacommonprogramme
(iv)ItcouldnotbringafundamentalchangeinpoliciesfollowedbytheCongressParty.
(v)TheJantaPartysplitandthegovernmentfell
17.Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandanswerthequestionsthatfollow:
Intheeventofanuclearwar,bothsideswillbesobadlyharmedthatitwillbe
impossibletodeclareonesideortheotherasthewinner,evenifoneofthemtriesto
attackanddisablethenuclearweaponsofitsrival,theotherwouldstillbeleftwith
enoughnuclearweaponstoinflictunacceptabledestruction.Bothsideshavethe
capacitytoretaliateagainstanattackandtocausesomuchdestructionthatneither
canaffordtoinitiatewar.Thus,thecoldwar–inspiteofbeinganintenseformof
rivalrybetweengreatpowers–remaineda‘cold’andnothotorshootingwar.The
deterrencerelationshippreventswarbutnottherivalrybetweenpowers.
(i)Whydidintenserivalrybetweenthesuperpowersremainacoldwaronly?
(ii)Whycan’tanuclearwarbetweenthetwonuclearpowersbedecisive?
(iii)Explainthelogicof‘deterrence’.
Ans.(i)Theintenserivalryremainedacoldwarbecauseeachofthetwosuperpowersknew
thattheywouldnotbeabletosavethemselves,inspiteoftheuseofnuclearweaponsasthey
bothpossessedthecapabilityofdestroyingeachother.
(ii)Itcouldneverbedecisiveaseachpowerhadamplestockofnuclearweapons.Evenafter
gettingdestroyedtheycouldcausedestructionandthennobodywouldbevictories.
CoolGyan.Org | A Portal For Complete Education
(iii)Inspiteofhavingthecapacitytoretaliateagainstanattack,theycouldnotaffordto
initiatewar.Thisiscalledthelogicof‘deterrence’.
18.Readthepassagegivenbelowcarefullyandanswerthequestionsthatfollow:
Despitethemixedrecordofthedemocraticexperience,thepeopleinallthese
countriesofSouthAsiasharetheaspirationfordemocracy.Arecentsurveyofthe
attitudesofthepeopleinthefivebigcountriesoftheregionshowedthatthereis
widespreadsupportfordemocracyinallthesecountries.Ordinarycitizens,richaswell
aspoorandbelongingtodifferentreligions,viewtheideaofdemocracypositivelyand
supporttheinstitutionsofrepresentativedemocracy.Theypreferdemocracyoverany
otherformofgovernmentandthinkthatdemocracyissuitablefortheircountry.These
aresignificantfindings,foritwasearlierbelievedthatdemocracycouldflourishand
findsupportonlyinprosperouscountriesoftheworld.
(i)Assessthepopularityofrepresentativedemocracy.
(ii)Analysethereasonsforthewidespreadsupportfordemocracyinthefivebig
countriesofSouthAsia.
(iii)Howfardoyouagreewiththestatementthatdemocracycanflourishandfind
supportonlyinprosperouscountries?
Ans.(i)Representativedemocracyhasgainedpopularityduetowidespreadsupportinthe
fivebigcountries,whereordinarycitizens–richandpoor,belongingtodifferentreligions,
viewtheideaofdemocracypositivelyandsupporttheinstitutionsofrepresentative
democracy.
(ii)ThereasonforwidespreadsupportfordemocracyinthefivebigcountriesofSouthAsia
isthatitsuitstheircountryandgivesthehopeoffulfillingtheiraspirations.
(iii)IdonotagreewiththisviewastheexamplesofIndiaandSriLankaareaproofofthe
successofdemocrary.Othercountriesalsohavesuccessfuldemocracies.
19.Readthepassagegivenbelowcarefullyandanswerthequestionsthatfollow:
Movementsarenotonlyaboutcollectiveassertionsoronlyaboutralliesandprotests.
Theyinvolveagradualprocessofcomingtogetherofpeoplewithsimilarproblems,
CoolGyan.Org | A Portal For Complete Education
similardemandsandsimilarexpectations.Butthenmovementsarealsoaboutmaking
peopleawareoftheirrightsandtheexpectationsthattheycanhavefromdemocratic
institutions.SocialmovementsinIndiahavebeeninvolvedintheseeducativetasksfor
alongtimeandhavethuscontributedtoexpansionofdemocracyratherthancausing
disruptions.
(i)MentionanyonerightgrantedtothepeopleofIndiaasaresultofanymovement.
(ii)Howfardoyouagreethatsocialmovementshavecontributedtotheexpansionof
democracyratherthancausingdisruptions?
(iii)Whatistherelationshipbetweenthemovementsandthedemocraticinstitutions?
Ans.(i)RightofInformationorRighttoRehabilitalisation.
(oranyotherexample)
(ii)Socialmovementsbringtogetherpeoplewithsimilardemandsandexpectations.They
makethemawareoftheirrights,hencecontributetodemocracy.Oranyotherrelevant
point.
(iii)Everydemocraticinstitutionshascertainfunctionstoperform.Itisthroughthe
movementsthattheaspirationsofthepeoplecometotheforefrontandaregivenpriority.
Hencethereisadeeprelationshipbetweenmovementsanddemocraticinstitutions.
20.
CoolGyan.Org | A Portal For Complete Education
(i)Identifyandnametheleadershownontherightinthecartoon.
(ii)Whattypeofrelationshipdoesthecartoonindicatebetweenthepeopleandthe
ruler?
(iii)Inyouropinion,howsuccessfulwastheapproachadoptedbytheleaderonthe
righttosolvetheissueofPrincelyStates?
Note:Thefollowingquestionisforvisuallyimpairedcandidatesonlyinlieuof
Ans.(i)SardarVallabhbhaiPatel
(ii)Cartoonshowsthattheprincelyrulersoppressedandexploitedthepeople.
(iii)SardarPatelwasextremelysuccessfulinsolvingtheissueoftheprincelystatesmarger/
accessionwithIndia.
Q.No.20:Answerthefollowingquestions:
20.1NametheDeputyPrimeMinisterinthefirstCouncilofMinistersunderJawaharlal
Nehru.
20.2BeforesigningtheInstrumentofAccessionwiththeIndianGovernment,what
assurancewasgiventotheMaharajaofManipur?
CoolGyan.Org | A Portal For Complete Education
20.3WhichsectionofthepeopleinHyderabadroseagainsttheNizamandwhy?
Ans.ForVisuallyimpaired
(20.1)SardarVallabhbhaiPatel.
(20.2)MaharajawasassuredthattheinternalautonomyofManipurwillbemaintained.
(20.3)ThepeasantsandfarmersofTelanganarevoltedagainsttheNizamduetohis
oppressivepolicies
21.
Inthegivenpoliticaloutlinemapoftheworld,fivecountrieshavebeenmarkedasA,B
,C,DandE.Identifythesecountriesonthebasisofinformationgivenbelowand
writetheircorrectnamesinyouranswerbookalongwiththeirrespectiveserial
numberoftheinformationusedandtheconcernedalphabetsasperthe
followingformat:
SerialNo.oftheinformation
used
Alphabet
concerned
Nameofthe
Country
(i)
CoolGyan.Org | A Portal For Complete Education
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(i)Thecountrywhere‘EarthSummit’washeldinJune1992.
(ii)Aleadingcontributortogreenhousegasemissions.
(iii)Acountryknownforitsanti-dampro-rivermovements.
(iv)AcountryexemptedfromtherequirementoftheKyotoProtocol.
(v)Thesecondlargestproducerofcrudeoilintheworld.
Note:ThefollowingquestionisfortheVisuallyImpairedcandidatesonly,inlieuof
Q.No.21:Answerthefollowingquestions:
21.1Namethecountrywhere‘MontrealProtocol’wassignedin1987.
21.2Namethecountrywhere‘KyotoProtocol’wasagreeduponin1997.
21.3Whichcountrymainlyadvocatedtheviewthatthemajorresponsibilityofcurbing
gasemissionsrestswiththedevelopedcountries?
21.4WhichcountryfromNorthAmericaisknownforitsforestmovements?
21.5MentiontheSouthAmericancountrywhichisfacingenormouspressuredueto
deforestation.
Ans.21.1Canada
21.2Japan
21.3India
21.4Mexico
21.5Brazil
22.HowdidIndiaplayacrucialroleintheNon-alignedMovementduringtheColdWar
CoolGyan.Org | A Portal For Complete Education
period?Explain.
OR
WhydidtheSovietUnion,thesecondmostpowerfulcountryintheworld,disintegrate
?Explainanysixreasons.
Ans.India’sCrucialroleinNon-alignedMovement–
(i)Indiatookcaretostayawayfromthetwoalliances.
(ii)Itraisedavoiceagainstthenewlydecolonisedcountriesbecomingpartofthesealliances.
(iii)Indiafavouredactiveinterveninginworldaffairstosoftencoldwarrivalries.
(iv)Indianleadersanddiplomatsplayedanimportantroleinreducingdifferencesbetween
thetwoalliances.
(v)Indiacommunicatedandmediatedtoreducetensions.
(vi)IndiainvolvedothermembersofNAMinthismission.
(vii)Indiatriedtoactivatethoseregionalandinternationalorganisationsthatwerenota
partofalliances.
Oranyotherrelevantpoint.
OR
DisintegrationSovietUnion
(i)InternalweaknessofSovietpoliticalandeconomicinstitutions.
(ii)Economicstagnation.
(iii)Sovietresourcesweremainlyusedtomaintainitsnuclearandmilitaryarsenals.
(iv)AwarenessamongSovietpeopleabouttheeconomicadvancementoftheWest.
(v)Stagnationinpoliticalandadministrativefields.
CoolGyan.Org | A Portal For Complete Education
(vi)TheCommunistPartywasnotanswerabletothepeople.
(vii)Ordinarypeoplewerealienatedfromthegovernment.
(viii)Pooradministration,rampantcorruption,inabilitytocorrectmistakes.
(ix)Lackofopennessandcentralisationofauthority.
(x)Governmentlostpopularbacking
(xi)RiseofnationalismanddesireforsovereigntywithintheSovietrepublics.
(xii)Gorbachov’sruleinreformingtheeconomyandotherreforms.
23“ThebedrockofcontemporaryU.S.powerliesintheoverwhelmingsuperiorityofits
militarypower.”Justifythestatementwithanythreesuitablearguments.
OR
AnalyseanythreemajorfactorsresponsibleforevolvingtheEuropeanUnionfroman
economicuniontoapoliticalone.
Ans.(i)TheU.S.todayhasmilitarycapabilitiesthatcanreachanypointontheplanet
accurately.
(ii)NootherpowerintheworldcanmatchthecapabilityoftheU.S.qualitativelyor
quantitatively.
(iii)TheU.S.todayspendsmoreonitsmilitarycapabilitythanthenext12powerscombined
Oranyotherrelevantpoints
OR
MajorFactors
(i)TheEuropeanUnionhasitsownflag,anthemfoundingdateandcurrency.
(ii)TheE.U.hastriedtoexpandtheareasofcooperation.
(iii)ManynewcountriesespeciallyfromtheerstwhileSovietblochavejoinedtheE.U.
CoolGyan.Org | A Portal For Complete Education
(iv)TheE.U.haseconomic,political,diplomaticandmilitaryinfluence.
(v)Ithassomeformofcommonsecuritypolicyindealingwithothernations.
24.Describeanythreechallengingglobalissuesthatcanonlybedealtwithwhen
everyoneworkstogether.
OR
Whatismeantbytraditionalnotionofinternalandexternalsecurity?
Ans.Thevariouschallengesthatrequirecollectiveglobalactionare:
(i)Diseases/epidemics(BirdFlu,Ebolavirusetc.)
(ii)GlobalWarming
(iii)Terrorism
(iv)GlobalPoverty
(v)HumanRightsViolations
(Candidatestoexplainanythreeoftheaboveoranyotherrelevantpoint)
OR
1.InternalSecurity
Itisrelatedtosecuritywithinthecountry,i.e.internallawandorder.
Internalsecurityisessentialtofaceanyexternalchallenges.
AfterWorldWarIIinternalsecuritywasalmostassuredinmostofthedeveloped
world.
Oranyotherrelevantpoint
2.ExternalSecurity
Threatofwarormilitaryattackbyanothercountry.
Acountrycanpreventtheattack,defendorsurrender.
Createabalanceofpower.
CoolGyan.Org | A Portal For Complete Education
Alliancebuilding.
25.AnalysetheimpactonSino-Indianrelationssince1962onwards.
OR
HowfarhasIndiabeensuccessfulinconductingitsforeignpolicypeacefullyand
avoidinginternationalconflicts?Explainwiththehelpofexamples.
Ans.Sino-IndianRelationssince1962
IttookmorethanadecadeforIndia-Chinatoresumenormalrelations.
AtalBihariVajpayeewasthefirsttopleader(theForeignMinister)tovisitChinain
1979.
Later,RajivGandhi,themPMalsovisitedChinain1988.
Sincethen,theemphasisismoreonimprovingrelationsandtradewithChina.
Bilateralagreementshavebeensignedonculturalexchangesandcooperationin
scienceandtechnology.
Talkstoresolvetheboundaryquestionshavecontinuedwithoutinterruptionand
military-to-militarycooperationisincreasing.
IndianandChineseleadersandofficialsvisitBeijingandNewDelhiwithgreater
frequency.
Increasingtransport&communicationlinks/openingofborderposts/adoptionof
similarpoliciesininternationaleconomicinstitutionslikeWTOishelpingtoestablish
amorepositiverelationship.
ChinawasseenascontributingtothebuildupofPakistan’snuclearprogramme.
China’smilitaryrelationswithBangladeshandMyanmarwereviewedashostileto
India’sinterestinSouthAsia.
(anysixpoints)
OR
ThereweremanyinternationaldevelopmentsatthetimeIndiaattainedindependence.
JawaharlalNehru,thePrimeMinisterofIndiawasalsotheForeignMinister.He
playedanimportantroleintheformulationandimplementationofIndia’sforeign
CoolGyan.Org | A Portal For Complete Education
policy.
NehruwishedtoachieveournationalgoalsthroughthepolicyofNAM.
India’sforeignpolicyfavouredthedreamofapeacefulworld.
ItadvocatedthepolicyofNAMtoreducecoldwartensions.
IndiaprovidedhumanresourcestoUnitedNationsPeaceKeepingForce.
IndiadidnotjoinSuperPowerblocs.
1956,IndiaprotestedagainstBritishactionontheissueofSuezCanal.
IndiadidnottakeanindependentstandincaseofUSSRmissiononHungary.
Pakistan’salliancewithUSandIndia’sleaningtowardsUSSR,werethemainpointsin
decidingourforeignrelations.
IndiahasalwaysstoodforNon-alignmentandworldpeace.
26.ExaminethedevelopmentsthatgaverisetotheconflictbetweentheUnion
GovernmentandtheJudiciaryinIndia.
OR
AnalysethecircumstancesthatledtotherestorationofCongressSystemafterthe
Party’ssplitin1969.
Ans.CausesofconfrontationbetweentheUnionGovernmentandtheJudiciary.
(i)ConstitutionalissueabouttheamendmenttotheFundamentalRights.
(ii)CantheParliamentcurtailtheRighttoPropertybyamendingtheconstitution?
(iii)TheParliamentamendedandabridgedtheFundamentalRightstoimplementDPSPs.But
theJudiciarydidnotagreetothis.
(iv)ItisintheKeshvanandaBhartiCasewhentheJudiciaryassertedthatthebasicfeatures
oftheconstitutioncannotbeamendedevenbytheParliament.
(v)FillingupthevacancyoftheChiefJusticeofIndiabynotappointingtheseniormost
judge.
(vi)TheclimaxoftheconfrontationwastherulingoftheAllahabadHighCourtdeclaring
IndiraGandhi’selectioninvalid.
CoolGyan.Org | A Portal For Complete Education
Oranyotherrelevantdevelopment
OR
Socialistscredentials,Tenpointprogramme,NationalisationofBanks,Nationalisation
ofGeneralInsurance,Pro-poorprogrammes.
LandReforms,LandCellingAct.
GaribiHatao–Positiveprogramme.
AbolitionofPrivyPurse.
Generationofasupportbaseamongthedisadvantaged,landlessLabourors,dalits,
adivasis,minorities,womenandunemployedyouth.
ResultsoftheGeneralElections1971–CongressVictory.
VictoryintheIndo-PakWar1971–IndiraGandhiseenastheprotectorofthepoor&
theunderprivilegedbutalsoasastrongnationalistleader.
SweepingthroughStateAssemblyElectionsin1972bytheCongress.
Withtwosuccessiveelectionvictories,oneattheCenterandtheotherattheState
level,thedominanceoftheCongresswasrestored.
IndiraGandhihadreinventedtheparty–Itreliedonthepopularityofasupreme
leader.Ithadaweakorganizationalstructureanddidnothavemanyfactions.She
restoredtheCongressbychangingthenatureoftheCongressitself.
27.Describetheexternalandinternaldisputesresponsibleformakingthepoliticsof
JammuandKashmircontinuouslycontroversial.
OR
Describeanythreemajordevelopmentsthatleftalonglastingimpactonthepoliticsof
IndiaafterthedeathofRajivGandhi.
Ans.ExternalDispute
(i)Pakistan’sclaimonKashmir.
(ii)PakistanhasillegallyoccupiedpartofKashmirknownasPakOccupiedKashmir(POK)
andcallsitAzadKashmir,whichispartofIndia.
(iii)TrainingcampsformilitantsinPOKandsupporttomilitancywithinJ&K.
CoolGyan.Org | A Portal For Complete Education
InternalDispute
(i)StatusofKashmirwithintheIndianUnion.
(ii)SpecialstatusofJ&KunderArticle.370
(iii)Twoviews:
(a)PeopleoutsideJ&KbelievethatArticle370doesnotallowfullintegrationofthestatewith
India.
(b)WithinJ&Kpeoplebelievethatthedemandforplebisitehasnotbeenfulfilled,special
statushasbeeneroded,democracynotproperlyinstitutionalizedasintherestofIndia.
Oranyotherrelevantpoint
OR
(i)EndofCongressSystem.
(ii)RiseofOBCpolitics–MandalIssues.
(iii)DemolitionofBabriMasjidinDecember1992.
(iv)RiseoftheBJP.
(v)BeginningoftheCoalitionEra/alliancepolitics.
(vi)RiseofregionalpartiesastheyplayedaroleintheformationofcoalitionsattheUnion
Governmentlevel.
CoolGyan.Org | A Portal For Complete Education