Thermal photons and dielectron continuum Ju Hwan Kang February 25-27, 2010 HIM at Yongpyong.
Quest for in-medium modifications in p+A, +A, +A collisions Goal of experiment Dielectron cocktail...
-
date post
18-Dec-2015 -
Category
Documents
-
view
222 -
download
1
Transcript of Quest for in-medium modifications in p+A, +A, +A collisions Goal of experiment Dielectron cocktail...
Quest for in-medium modifications in p+A, +A, +A collisions
Goal of experiment Dielectron cocktail ( "elementary dielectron sources") Review of existing experimental results:• E325@KEK, • CLAS@JLAB • CBTAPS @ ELSA Plans: HADES @ GSI
Main goal: Studies of vector meson (//) spectral functions in nuclear
medium via e+, e- pair spectroscopy at N 0 and T=0
2sinppm ee
eeee
e+
e-
R(A=100) 5.5 fm Dielectron two-body decays of light Vector Mesons
High resolution spectroscopy of e+e- pairs, no final state interaction !
Meson Mass(MeV/c2)
(MeV/c2)
c (fm)
Main decay
e+e- BR
768 152 1.3 4.4 x 10-5
782 8.43 23.4 7.2 x 10-5
1019 4.43 44.4 K+ K- 3.1 x 10-4
Decay length LD= c R (decay in medium)
N(L)=N(0)exp(-L/LD)
Theoretical predictions (some examples)
quark-meson-exchange effective chiral lagrangian
15%
K. Saito et.al
Phys.Rev.C55(1997)2637
T. Renk et.al
Phys. Rev. C 66 (2002) 014902
meson masses scale with density as , order parameter of ChSB
• Brown-Rho scaling('92) : mV*= mV(1-/0)
Hadronic scenario: meson spectral function
2222 )]M(Im[)]M(RemM[
)M(Im2)M(A
GeVm
mimM
77.0
)()(
Vacuum:Vacuum:
W. Peters et.al. NPA 632(1998)109:
meson spectral function A(q,m)
In mediumIn medium: :
+
N-1
N(1520)
+ ...
(1232)
N-1
• m, depends on meson momentum (q) A(m,p) spectral function
•Connection to chiral symmetry?
Mass (width) changes – "trivial" effects
Broad resonances () : modification of line shape due mass dependent widths (m) and due to available phase space : important for HI and NN collisions at low energy (see second lecture)
Collision broadening
decay in Pb nucleus
() =vac () + coll()
Ntot
Ncoll v )(
M. Effenberger at al PHYS. REV. C 60 044614
cross sections for pp and p
pA A2/3
Lund String Model
3.5 12
GeV GeV
KEK (4.6 mb)
exclusive
SAPHIR (Bonn)CBELSA (Bonn)DAPHNE, TAPS (Mainz)GRAAL (Grenoble)
+ o
+ -
+ o
o o
▲ K+ K+ o
Ko ’
p
"Tomography" of vector meson decay Transport calculations for p// + A collisions HSD -E. Bratkovskaya, V. Cassing Phys. Rep. 308(1999) 65)
• vacuum spectral functions
• full in-medium meson propagation (scattering in medium)
production decay production on 93Nb with p/
3.5 GeV
1.17 GeV
Decay length LD= c R (decay in medium)
N(L)=N(0)exp(-L/LD)
Beam energy dependence for /
• for / Ebeam ≈1.1-1.5 GeV is optimum (but ~100 times less for !)
• for p/ beams less decays inside
protonspions pionsprotons
for 12 GeV p+A:~ 6% decays ~55% decays
For : factor 2
less in-medium decays
as compared to beams
Dielectron sources: „free” hadron: dielectron cocktail
2102.10
eeBR
• Two body meson decays (peaks):
• 3-body Dalitz- decays (continuum):
Me+e [GeV/c2}-
• CB – e+ e- combinatorial background
• Signal/CB usually <1 !
V → e+e-
V → e+e- X
e+
e-
e+
e-
2sin
eeeeee ppM
Meson Dalitz (3 body:e+e-X ) decays
Dielectron spectrum
|F(q2)| - electromagnetic form factor : time-like q2>0
q2<0 : space like – probed via electron scattering experiments
Vector Meson Dominance (VMD)
or Vector Dominance Model (VDM)
BR(0e+e-) = 1.2*10-2
BR(e+e-) = 6*10-3
Electromagnetic transition form-factors
• known from di-muon G-experiment
600 events33±7 events
60±8 events
Dielectron decays : Dalitz decays of Baryons
Baryon decays : (1232), N*(1440), ...Ne+e-
N*( )->Ne+,e- - not measured in elementary reactions !
(1232): 3 Form. factors (GE(q2), GM(q2), Gc(q2)) not known electromagnetic structure of nucleon
Extended Extended VectVector Meson Domince or Meson Domince
Contribution from several vector Contribution from several vector mesons – interferences !mesons – interferences !
Various treatments:
1.
2. Baryons are treated as point like particles (QED)
C. Fuchs: Phys. Rev. C67 025202(2003)M. Krivoruchenko et al. Ann.Phys296 (2002)299
B. Lautrup, J.Smith Phys.Rev D3(1971)1122, C. Ernst et al. PRC 58 (1998) 447, M. Thomere et al PRC 75(2007) 0604902,...
gives similar BR as 1
Ne+e-=5.02 KeV (BR=4*10-5)
Two body Vector Meson decays
Meson Mass(MeV/c2)
(MeV/c2)
c (fm) Main decay
e+e- BR
768 152 1.3 4.4 x 10-5
782 8.43 23.4 7.2 x 10-5
1019 4.43 44.4 K+ K- 3.1 x 10-4
I =1
24
KK
Inverse process: e+e- * hadrons
I =0,1
+ 2 + 3+...
JP = 1-
Vector Mesons carry same quantum numbers
as photon
...quark em.current!
At meson pole !
Combinatorial Background
Combinatorial background (CB)
e+ and e- comming from different vertices Ne+e- unlike-sign pairs
Ne-Ne- and Ne+Ne+ like-sign pairs
absolute normalization CB= Signal
S+-= Ne+e- - CB+-
0 e-
e+
e-
Combinatorial Background
eeee NN2
Ị Multi 0 Dalitz decays small e+e-
• External Pair Conversion (EPC) of photons from 0 small e+e-
• e+e- from Dalitz and EPC small but their
combination can form large e+e- and large mass!!
0 e-
e+
dedicated talk in student session !
E325 ExperimentE325 Experiment
Measures Invariant Mass of e+e-, K+K- at KEK (1996-2002) in 12GeV p + A // + X reactions, s=5.1 GeVMass Resolution for e+e- : 8.0MeV/c2 for 10.7MeV/c2 for
Primary proton beam (~7*108/s)
Five targets; Carbon x 1 and Copper x 4 aligned in line Very thin targets to suppress conversion
Beam
Target
Target ConfigurationTarget Configuration
material beam intensity(p/spill)
Interaction length(%)
radiation length(%)
C ~1x109 0.2% 0.4%
CuX4 ~1x109 0.05%X4 0.5%X4
23mm
CCu
Very thin target with clean and high intensity beam
Vertex Distribution
Beam
Forward LG Calorimeter
Rear LG Calorimeter
Side LG Calorimeter
Front Gas Cherenkov
Rear Gas Cherenkov
Barrel Drift Chamber
Cylindrical DC
Vertex Drift chamber
1m
Detector SetupDetector Setup
12GeV proto
n
beam
B
Hodoscope
Aerogel Cherenkov
Forward TOF
Start Timing Counter
Trigger: e+ and e- requested in opposite arms
E325 Model calculations of meson line shape
/ mesons are generated uniformly at surface of target nucleus ( ~ A2/3)
momentum distribution: as measured in xp pole mass downward shift : m*/m = 1 – k1 /0
k1 parameter decay width increase : */ = 1 + k2 /0
k2 parameter density distribution
Woods-Saxon : R: C:2.3fm/Cu:4.1fm e-
e+
e+
e-
•Blue histogram : Detector Simulation
•Red line : Breit-Wigner (gaussian convoluted) fitting result
• agrees with measured: Ks + -
• Detector response :
1
0
])/)exp[(1(
Rr
• CB subtracted
Data described (both nuclei) assumming / mass modification m*=m
0( 1 - .092/0)
• fit supports * consistent with the vacuum for /
/=0.7±0.2 /=0.9±0.2
• CB shape from mixed event but w.o absolute normalization (fit parameter)!
• Fit, excluding excess region, gives / <0.15 (Cu) and <0.32(C) with CL of 95% ! In contrast to other pp data /~1
2/dof =2.3
2/dof =1.8
p+A @ 12 GeV KEK-PS E325M. Naruki Phys.Rev.Lett 96 (2006) 092301
e+e- modification in KEK-PS E325
• only small fraction of decays is inside medium selection on
distribution
• Fit again excluding the region where the excess was seen; 0.95~1.01GeV/c2
excluded from the fitting
Mass modification of for Cu targets
Best fit (both nuclei) achieved for k1=0.035 and k2=2.6 (* ) . Mass shift of
Yokkaichi Meson2006
• Integrate the amount of the excess in the above region(0.95~1.01 GeV/c2) Nexcess
Detector acceptance
no acceptance !
• e-,e+ ID only for 8-450 : EmCal. coverage
• electrons in same sector forbidden!
Pair acceptance
Pair spectra
• Combinatorial background: CB from mixed events with normalization from like-sign pairs :
Final result for the meson spectral function
cocktail of free // meson decays subtracted spectral function
k1=0.02±0.02 consistent with 0!
contradiction to KEK PS E325
Why CLAS result contradicts KEK-E325?• KEK-E325 fits CB (no absolute determination!) G7 spectra with CB fitted (no absolute normalization!) different results CB normalization essential !
CB/TAPS @ ELSAD. Trinka Phys. Rev, Lett (2005) 192303
m = m0 (1 - k /0); k = 0.14 mass shift of
m =722 at averaged =0.60
G7
p dependence
g7 is not sensitive to CBTAPS effect !
HADES experiment @ GSIGSI
• 2007: FW hodoscope added
< 70
• proton/pion/HI beams
•e+e-/p//K id
• mass resolution
M/M~2% at /
more details in second lecture !
/ momentum distributions
• HADES is sensitive to both / : M ()~1.5% at low p (<1.2)
3.5 GeV
1.17 GeV
+A: smaller <p/ > momentum +A: low beam intensity, broad focus
• proton beams:
higher intensity
excellent beam focus (1-2 mm)
reference reaction p +p @ 3.5 GeV done
1.2
Background for p+A - conversionbeam
4x Nb segments : 4 x 0.5% I0 1x Be segment (2%)106 p/sec
p+Nb @ 3.5 GeV p+ Pb @ 3.5 GeV
S/B>1 for M>0.5 !
• segmented target :
Larger CB!
Pairs from pp @ 3.5 GeV
• ~ 5.5*109 LVL1 events collected (Apr07 -12 days running time)
• ~70% "online" analyzed (with reasonable calibration and tracking alignment)
• signal pairs: 54 k (all)
visible i on-line spectrum ~35 MeV/c2 !
S/BS/B
1010
11
0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0
MMeeee
"HADES online pair spectrum from April 2007"
to be continued with pA to be continued with pA and and A with HADES..A with HADES..
Summary
Meson line shape modifications seen in p+A/+A reactions:1. E325/KEK : downward mass shift (~ 9%) 2. E325/KEK: downward mass shift (~3%) and broadening 3. CBTAPS : downward mass shift (~14%) and 10-fold! broadening.
Strong momentum dependece m(p). No sensitivity to
.. but G7/CLAS: no mass shift of but broadening possible
explanation of contradiction to E325/KEK CB normalization in E325
G7/CLAS: no effect on mass shift ... but CLAS acceptance is not sensitive to CBTAPS no contradiction to CPTABS
New HADES experiment @ GSI : sensitive to both /
Line shape modification of in pp? : intermediate resonaces
D. Schumacher , S. Vogel et.al (UrQMD)
• produced through Baryonic resonance
N*(1520), N*(1720) and
(1700), (1905) involved
to be continued with pA to be continued with pA and and A with HADES..A with HADES..
e+ e-
N
N*()
m, pt, y distributions• HADES acceptance and reconstruction efficiency filter:
• HADES acceptance is flat for M> 0.5 GeV/c2
3.5 GeV
1.17 GeV