Quay Wall Design in the Future
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Transcript of Quay Wall Design in the Future
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April 25, 2007
Vermelding onderdeel organisatie
1
Quay wall design in the future
Port seminar 2007 UNESCO-I H E Delft
Ass. Prof. Ir J.G. de Gijt
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Present situation
Experience based design
Determined by local experience
Empirical design methods
Need for new solutions
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Ship developments
Development of water depth
and retaining height
Development of thedimensions of ships
Years'60'10
0
1891 1900
(m
etres)
Depth
20
10
5
15
25
30
35
'20 '30 '50'40 '90'70 '80 2000 '10
(deadweighttons)
200.000
50.000
150.000
100.000
loadcapacity
250.000
350.000
300.000
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Container ships
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Latest container vessel
Length;470m,width:60m,draught:16m
470m
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Future situation
Fast change in cargo handling methods
Increase in container transport : possible bigger ships
Need for flexibility
Use of new materials
Other designs
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Design mehods
Deterministic approach:Overall safety concept
Probabilistic approach: statistical input of data
Available design codes
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Codes
There is a multitude of codes:
Dutch NEN German DIN
BS 6349
Eurocode etc
Concrete, steel, geocode; no integrated quay
structure code
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Sheetpile walls Dutch
Probabilistic level 1
Quay walls Dutch & English!
Probabilistic level 1
1993 2005
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Future quay wall designs (1)
Sunction anchored quay wall with tension winches
TensionwinchKabel
Zuiganker
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Future quay wall designs (2)
Jacket type structure flexible
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Future quay wall designs (3)
Synthetic block quay wall
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Future quay wall designs (4) Composite structure ,synthetics and steel
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24.0m
Construction depth -23.00
Bottom depth -20.65
Contract depth -19.65
27.0m
N.A.P.
+4.00
Frozen soil
Isolation mantle
Frozen quay wall (5)
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Quay wall with double handling
facilities (6)
Neues Bild.BMP
http://neues%20bild.bmp/http://neues%20bild.bmp/ -
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Peoples business
MechanicalMechanical
manman
ChemicalChemical
manman
EmotionalEmotional
manmanThe lawyerThe lawyer
In the past one person had all the expertise. Presently for every
discipline a specialist will be employed.Threads: Lack of overview / Increased insecurity/Lack of communication.
Team work required & A means of communication
structural engineerdesignerspecialist
project engineerlawyerfinancial engineer
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Probabilistic vs. deterministic design
Deterministic, traditional design:
strength > load
usually: strength = * load
where: = safety factor e.g.1.65
load
strength
probability
Probabilistic design
full load and strength distribution isused
the probability of failure can be
quantified: Overlap of both curvese.g. 5%
probability of failure
load strength
probability
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Faulttree L-shaped
quay wall
Bi j " overi ge oorzaken" kan w orden geda cht aan o ntgrond ingen, aanvar ingen, e tc .
ges tor t betonIn het werk
Steenbestor t ing
L-e lementenPrefab
Voorw andbezwijk t
oorzakenOver ige
Opwaar tses t romingsdruk
te groot
M om entenevenwichtvoldoet niet
A fs ch uiv in g
Draagkrachtbodem
onvoldoende
Totalestabiliteit
onvoldoende
Piping
H eave B ishop
Grondwater -
te grootstroming
Pennan tbezwijk t
Verb ind ingenbezwi jken
(grond spoelt ui t)bezwijk t
V loer O nderw andbezwijk t
oorzakenOver ige O nderbouw
bezwijk t
Kadem uur construct ie
Verp laats ingen
te groot
faalt
construct iebezwijk t
Kadem uur
bezwijk tBov enbouw
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Costs aspects
One berth for container ship 500 m: 20-25
miljoen 5 container cranes 75-100
miljoen
1 container ship 200-300miljoen
Quay wall costs 10 -15% of container ship
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Conclusions and recommendations
Constructing a fault tree helps communication
Design codes are conservative and kills innovation
Technically optimal does not mean that it is optimal inrelation to the whole project