Quartet 9Course Book

Quartet 9III

Introduction

Quartet 9

Welcome to Quartet Course Book 9. The Quartet Course Book 9 includes avariety of reading texts that revolve around the theme of world travel, as well asreading comprehension activities, guided writing, speaking activities, grammar,and vocabulary exercises. The book is organized thematically following the topicsof Quartet Online. The result is a fully integrated language learning course. Wehope that you will enjoy learning with Quartet Course Book 9.

Quartet 9IV

Unit 1Environment

The Amazon: A Classroom for All

An Environmental "Fanatic"

Unit 2Popular Science

The Anniversary Vacation

Now its YOUR turn to ask ourscience expert, Jane the Brain

Unit 3Entertainment

My Name is Lana. I am a TV Addict.(Parts 1 & 2)

Critics Corner

Unit 4Crime and Punishment

The Bohemia Blunder

Wanted: Escaped Prisoner

Pages 2-18

Pages 20-40

Pages 42-62

Pages 64-82

Guessing Reading for details Chronological sequencing

Activating background knowledge

Prediction Understanding clues

Activating background knowledge

Inference Reading for details Understanding the authors

opinion Awareness of tone

Drawing generalizations from examples

Comparison Chronological sequencing Inference Close reading

Reading skills

Map of Quartet 9

Quartet 9V

Sentence adverbs

with/in + abstract noun be supposed to

Passive causative as if / as though

Adjective + preposition Sentences that start with

gerunds

Discussing advantages and disadvantages

Discussing and summing upfindings and conclusions

Debating options

Discussing the effect of events

Teaching others about virtual reality

Sharing ideas and theories Presenting arguments

effectively

Discussing differences between entertainment in the past and in the present

Conducting a survey Discussing opinions about

movies, TV programs, and music

Inventing a credible alibi

Writing a diary entry Writing a letter

Writing about a scientific event: positiveand negative aspects

Writing a short science fiction story

Writing letters with questions or answers

Writing a magazine advertisement

Writing a short essay

Writing questions for a survey

Writing about a movie or TV series

Writing a biographical essay

Writing a story Writing questions to ask

the victim of a crime Writing advice Writing a report Writing a list of

suggestions Making a Wanted

poster

Language Review Speaking Writing

Quartet 9VI

Unit 5People and Their Cultures

Scarface and the Sweat Lodge(Parts 1 & 2)

The Woman Who Flew to the Moon(An Ancient Chinese Folktale)

Pages 84-100 Categorization Understanding cause and

effect Prediction

Reading skills

Quartet 9VII

sothat, suchthat Time expressions

Writing an imaginary scientific report

Reporting comparative findings

Writing questions for aninterview

Writing a description of rituals or customs

Language Review Speaking Writing

U N I T

1Environment

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"I have tried to say that all the life of the planet is interrelated, that each species has its own ties to others, and that all are related to the earth."

Rachel Carson, author of Silent Spring

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Before You Start

A What is your opinion? Express it in this survey about the environment.

Waste Disposal

Air Pollution

Water Pollution

Endangered Animals

Use of Pesticides

Disappearing Forests

This problemreceives the greatest amount of coveragein the media.

This problemdeserves much moreattention than it gets.

I have personallydone something tohelp remedy thisproblem.

There is nothing Ican do to helpremedy thisproblem.

This problem doesnot exist in mycountry.

My country ismaking an effort toremedy thisproblem.

This was also a problem when mygrandparents wereyoung.

There is likely to bea significantimprovement in thisarea in my lifetime.

I know the name ofat least oneorganization that isworking to solve thisproblem.

Responsibility forsolving this problemlies in the hands ofindustry.

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B Discuss your responses to the survey with other students.1. Why do some environmental problems get more media attention than

others? What makes some issues more attractive than others?2. In what ways, if any, can people help remedy these problems in their

everyday lives?3. To what extent is solving the problems a question of money?4. If the high cost of industrial solutions led to higher costs for consumers,

would you be willing to pay these costs? Explain.5. What is the most serious environmental problem in your area, and what are

the best ways to solve it?

What Do You Know?

A Read the following diary entry that a 15-year-old boy wrote on July 1, 1912.

Dear Diary,Summer vacation! Two months of freedomto enjoy life! I spent my first morningsleeping soundly until the birds chirpingoutside my window broke the quiet. When Iwent to the window to get a breath offresh morning air, I saw a fox scamper offinto the woods that surround our house.

Mother left freshly baked bread for me inthe kitchen, and I washed it down with acup of spring water that I'd brought inyesterday. Daniel, my best friend, hadasked me to go swimming today. As Iwalked up the middle of the tree-linedavenue to his house, the only person I sawwas the ice man, making deliveries withhis wagon. I told him to help himself tosome bread and butter when he reachedour house.

The apples on the trees in Mr. Anderson'sorchard looked very tempting, so I helpedmyself to a big red one to eat on the way.About ten minutes later, I got to myfriend's house, and we continued on to theriver. Before jumping in, we took a longdrink from the river, since we were gettingquite hot. As we swam, we saw that thefish were plentiful, and we decided we'dcatch a couple for dinner. We lookedforward to the fire we planned to buildunder the star-filled summer sky thatevening. We dreamed about the taste ofthat fresh fish as we dried ourselves,toasting our bodies under the warm,wonderful sun.

Hoping the vacation lasts forever,

Jonathan

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B Compare Jonathan's environment with the environment his great-grandchildis likely to write about on summer vacation 100 years later.

1. List the aspects of the grandchild's environment that will probably bedifferent from the grandfather's.

2. Write a diary entry for Jonathan's great-grandchild that reflects the changes that have taken place.

C Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the changes in the environment that have occurred over the last 100 years.

1. What have people lost? What have they gained?

2. Would you rather have lived in Jonathan's time? Explain your reasons.

3. Is it possible to return to the type of environment (or to certain aspects of it) in which Jonathan lived?

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What Do You Think?

A These sentences come from the passage you are going to read. Guess the missing words.

1. I've been a biology ____________ for about eight years at the high school in my town.

2. I had always dreamed of sailing down the great Amazon ____________.

3. There are more than ten million ____________ species in the Amazon, most of which haven't even been described by scientists yet!

4. To our dismay, we saw that goods taken from the____________ make their way to many of the open markets.

5. I realized how ____________ it was for my high-school pupils, the people who could make a difference, to understand what was going on.

B Based on the sentences you read in exercise A, guess other details from the story you are going to read.

1. Who is the writer and why is he or she interested in the environment?

2. Which aspect of the environment most interests the writer?

C Use words from the box to make phrases.

1. adventurous __________2. colorful __________3. animal __________4. conservation __________5. environmental __________6. high-school __________

D Which of the words or phrases in exercise C involve the environment?

Some Words

birdsexplorer

organizationproblems

pupilsspecies

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Something to Read

The Amazon: A Classroom for All

Until I had the ticket in my hand, I still couldn't believe I was going. The Amazon! I had read so much about it. I had always dreamed of sailing down the great Amazon River. I imagined myself surrounded by the rainforest with its thick foliage and colorful birds, just like an adventurous explorer from the past.It all began last year while I was doing some research on the Internet for a class Iwould be teaching. I've been a biology teacher for about eight years at the highschool in my town. Rainforests have always interested me because of thediversity of species that can be found in them. There are more than ten millionanimal species in the Amazon, most of which haven't even been described byscientists yet!

As I was surfing around the Internet, I stopped at one of the conservation sites. For many years I've known that species in the rainforest are dying at an incredible rate because their habitat is being destroyed. What I didn't realize was that at the rate the rainforests are being cut down, they might completely disappear by the year 2030. And if the population continues to grow at its current rate, there will be more pressure on these habitats and they might be destroyed even sooner.

That was when I decided that I must go and see the Amazon rainforest before it disappears. At least I would be able to tell my pupils that I had seen a rainforestin real life. Much to my luck, the same site on the Internet advertised a tour thatcaters especially to biology teachers. Since teachers have an influence on thenext generation that will occupy our planet, the conservation organization wantsto encourage teachers to learn more about environmental problems. I signed upand got ready to go.

Our route would take us along the Amazon River for a week, and we would see just enough to give us a taste. Before beginning our journey down the river, we visited several cities in the Peruvian Amazon. To our dismay, we saw that goods taken from the rainforest make their way to many of the open markets. We were also unhappy to find that endangered animals were being sold for their skin and meat.

We traveled by riverboat with a local Indian as our guide. He spoke broken English, yet we all managed to communicate. The other teachers on the tour, some of whom ended up becoming close friends of mine, were interesting and fun to be with. An added bonus, for sure!

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When we set off down the river, we were amazed by the sights. Naturally, we science teachers found the vegetation and the sounds of the wildlife fascinating. With our diaries, still cameras, video cameras, and tape recorders, we tried to document our impressions to bring back to our classes.

The most enjoyable part of the journey was the visits to villages in the Amazon. Surprisingly, the villagers are living much as they have lived for thousands of years. They still depend on the forest and river for food. The only differences seem to be that most villagers have learned to speak Spanish and they dress as westerners.

The days went by very quickly, and before we knew it, the tour was over. As I sat on the plane looking out of the window, I thought about my experience. TheAmazon River, a true nature preserve. Teaching about the rainforest would neverbe the same now that I knew what might be lost in such a short time. I realizedhow important it was for my pupils, the people who could make a difference, tounderstand what was going on. I started planning my next visit a class trip. Onethat my pupils would never forget.

What Do You Think Now?

Answer the questions.

1. Check the sentence that agrees with the information in the passage.

At the rate the rainforests are being cut down, they may completelydisappear by the year 2030.

If you are planning to visit cities in the Peruvian Amazon, you would be wise to rent a four-wheel-drive vehicle for driving on the bumpy roads.

A tourist who wants to talk to the people in the villages should learn English.

2. How did surfing the Internet help the writer plan the tour to Peru?

3. Why was it important to the writer to visit the rainforest now?

4. Describe how the writer's next visit to Peru will be different.

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5. Which topic is not dealt with in the passage?

reasons for the expected disappearance of the rainforest

solutions for saving the rainforest

the variety of species found in the rainforest

the fate of some endangered animals

village life

6. Why does the writer think it is especially important for teachers to visit the Amazon rainforest?

7. The author found an Internet site that "caters especially to biology teachers." What might be contained in a site about the rainforest that caters to amateur photographers? To doctors?

8. Complete the sentences with amazed, amazing, amazement, or amazingly.

a. The writer was __________ to see the diversity of life in the rainforest.

b. The modernity of the villagers' dress was also __________.

c. __________, some large cities in the Amazon are accessible only by boat or plane.

d. To the writer's __________, the forest is a true nature preserve.

e. The writer was sure that pupils would be ________ by the taperecording of rainforest sounds.

f. The writer realized, with __________, that the rainforest could disappear within thirty years.

9. What was the "added bonus" that the writer discovered on the tour to Peru?

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Something to Talk About

A With a group, do some research about the rainforest. Try to find informationthat will help you answer the questions below.

1. What is special about tropical rainforests?2. Why are rainforests of interest to scientists?3. Why are environmental organizations concerned about the rainforests?4. Why are rainforests being destroyed?5. What are endangered species? Give as many examples as you can. Why

are they endangered?

B Sum up the findings and conclusions of the group, and prepare an oral report. Present your report in class.

Language in UseSentence Adverbs

A Find an expression in the box to replace each highlighted adverbialexpression. There may be more than one alternative.

1. Much to my luck, the same site on the Internet advertised a tour that caters especially to biology teachers.

2. To our dismay, we saw that goods taken from the rainforest make their way to many of the open markets.

3. Surprisingly, the villagers are living much as they have lived for thousands of years.

4. Naturally, we science teachers found the place fascinating.

believe it or noteventually

fortunately of course

sadlystrange as it may

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Sentence adverbs are used to express an opinion or attitude about the message of a sentence. They usually appear at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence.

B Choose a phrase from box A, a phrase from box B, and an adverbialexpression to create sentences about the environment.

Tips: Start each sentence with a capital letter. Add commas where necessary. Remember that the adverbial expression can be put at the beginning

or in the middle of the sentence.Example: Despite repeated warnings about the destruction of tropical

rainforests, they are, in fact, still in danger.

Adverbial Expressions:actually, fortunately, happily, in fact, luckily, obviously, of course, possibly, sadly, surely

Box A1. although last week's oil spill caused a lot of property damage2. setting emission standards for vehicles3. industries may be the environmental villains4. the thinning of the ozone layer5. despite repeated warnings about the destruction of tropical rainforests6. no drastic measures have been taken7. although recycling does take more time and effort8. an effort to relocate endangered species9. public awareness of environmental issues has

Box Bbut many have spent a great deal of money to reduce air and water pollution. The environmental benefits are enormous led to new laws that prohibit pollution of water and airno animals were killed.has led to an increase in skin cancer related to exposure to the sunto reverse the trend towards global warminghas kept many animals from disappearingwill help clean up the air in many large citiesthey are still in danger

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What Do You Think?

Answer the questions.

1. You are going to read a short biography of Rachel Carson. Do you know who she was?

2. The following sentences are from the biography. Read them, and write downthe important facts about Carson's age, profession, interests, and achievements.

About seven years before Rachel Carson was born in 1907, her father bought a large tract of land to the south of his home near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

By the age of 10, Carson had published an award-winning story in achildren's magazine, and she continued to write throughout high school, college, and university.

It was a college requirement two terms of science that set Carson's life on its environmental path.

After graduating, she worked as a marine biologist.

Her first book, Under the Sea Wind, appeared, unfortunately, when the U.S. entered World War II.

With the publication of The Sea Around Us in 1951, Carson was able to leave government service and devote all of her time to writing.

Carson found a mountain of evidence about animals who had died and farmworkers who had become ill from exposure to pesticides.

When Silent Spring was published in 1962, both the book and its author became the subject of a heated debate.

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Something More to Read

An Environmental "Fanatic"

About seven years before Rachel Carson was born in 1907, her father bought a large tract of land to the south of his home near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He planned to make his fortune as the growing population of the city spreadsouthward. Unfortunately, the growth was northward. Although this left Carson with financial woes, it left his daughter with the opportunity to spend herchildhood exploring areas that had been untouched by human activity.

The other factor that helped shape the life of one of history's most influential environmentalists was a love of both books and nature that Carson inherited fromher mother. By the age of 10, Carson had published an award-winning story in a children's magazine, and she continued to write throughout high school andcollege.

It was a college requirement two terms of science that set Carson's life on its environmental path. After graduating, she worked as a marine biologist, and then, scoring the highest in a government exam, she became the first female biologist to work for the Bureau of Fisheries. Her first book, Under the Sea Wind, appeared, unfortunately, when the U.S. entered World War II, and praise by both literary critics and scientists was overshadowed.

With the publication of The Sea Around Us in 1951, Carson was able to leave government service and devote all of her time to writing. She had already begun to focus on a single theme: respect for nature and the need to live peacefully withit.

The idea for Rachel Carson's most famous book began as a letter from a friend who owned a bird sanctuary. Her friend was shocked to find that a localgovernment agency had, without warning, recently sprayed an enormous amountof the pesticide DDT, killing many birds. As she began to investigate the issue, Carson found a mountain of evidence about animals who had died and farm workers who had become ill from exposure to pesticides.

When Silent Spring was published in 1962, both the book and its author became the subject of a heated debate. While a U.S. Supreme Court justice called her work "the most important chronicle of this century for the human race," chemical companies that produced pesticides called her a fanatic. A defender of the environment long before the issue became fashionable, Carson was labeled a "nature nut" and "hysterical" by many. Nevertheless, a presidential committee

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concluded in 1963 that the facts given in Silent Spring were correct. This led to a two-year investigation of government and industry regulations regarding the use of pesticides.

Despite the public attention that Carson brought to the subject, poisonous chemicals are still widely used today. We would do well to remember Carson's warning about the "spring without voices."

What Do You Think Now?

Answer the questions.

1. How did Rachel Carson's father unintentionally help shape her career?How did her mother intentionally help shape it?

2. What clue does the text give about the workplace in U.S. government agencies in the 1940s?

3. What prevented Carson's first book from becoming a best seller?

4. How can we conclude that The Sea Around Us was a best seller?

5. Put these events in Rachel Carson's life into chronological order:

___ Carson wrote a book that was highly praised but did not sell many copies.

___ Carson set a record for women.___ Carson wrote a book that led to a government investigation.___ Carson began to investigate the subject of pesticides.___ Carson published her first magazine article.___ Carson wrote a book that allowed her to become a full-time writer.

6. Write one sentence that summarizes the reactions to Rachel Carson after Silent Spring was published.

7. What is the message to readers in the phrase "spring without voices" from Silent Spring?

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8. The author tells us that Carson became a controversial figure. How does theauthor feel about her? Quote from the passage to support your answer.

9. Who do you think are the current heroes of the environment? Why do you consider them heroes?

10. Match up expressions from each column to make pairs that have similar meanings.

___ a. make his fortune___ b. financial woes___ c. explore___ d. inherited___ e. a single theme___ f. enormous___ g. heated debate___ h. regulations___ i. defender

1. angry discussion2. become rich3. got4. huge5. investigate6. laws7. money problems8. one subject9. protector

Something to Write About

Choose a topic.

1. Write a diary entry for an environmentally conscious person who puts his or her beliefs into practice every day. Describe how concern for the environment is reflected in a typical day's activities eating, shopping, traveling, pursuing hobbies, and so forth.

2. Write a letter in which the biology teacher in Something to Read discusses the proposed student tour to Peru. In the letter, explain the reasons for the tour, describe the events that led to your decision to plan this expedition, and ask the parents to give their children permission to participate.

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Something to Talk About

Each of the situations below offers you several choices. With two partners, choose a situation and discuss the pros and cons of each choice.

Each member of the group is responsible for defending one choice. Think about reasons for supporting your choice and rejecting the others. Hold a brief debate in which each person defends his or her choice. Choose another situation, and hold another debate.

1. Your town council is considering starting a recycling program. Because your town is small, the costs to the taxpayers would be high. Also, the pickups would not be very frequent, so people would have to store all their recyclable items for long periods of time. a. The costs and inconvenience will outweigh the benefits of the

program, so the council decides against it.b. The council adopts a program in which residents bring their recyclable

items to a local recycling center. c. The council votes for a program in which only paper will be recycled. If

that program is successful, other items may be added in the future.

2. A good friend spent a lot of money buying you an alligator belt for your birthday. You have read that alligators are a threatened species. a. You thank your friend for the gift and wear it often to show how much you

appreciate it.b. You accept the gift gracefully but never wear it.c. You explain to your friend why you must refuse the gift.

3. Your favorite cookies are packed in several layers of materials. There is a big box and then another smaller one inside to keep the cookies from breaking. Each cookie is wrapped individually and sits in a separate section of a protective plastic holder. You haven't found any other brand thatmakes the same type of cookie, and the price of these cookies is also quite low. a. You continue to buy the cookies, since they're delicious and not too

expensive.b. You stop buying the cookies to protest the waste caused by the

packaging.c. You buy the cookies once in a while and then recycle whatever

packaging materials you can. You also write to the company and ask thatthey change the packaging.

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Project

Choose a project.

1. Search through newspapers, magazines, or one of the many environment-related sites on the Internet for a news story that especially interests you. Read it and present the information orally to the class.

2. Find information about one of the famous environmentalists listed below, and write a short biography of the person. Use the passage about Rachel Carson as a model. Note that the passage about Carson has two sections, one about the events in her early life that shaped her career and the other, about her accomplishments as an environmentalist.

John Muir Ralph NaderJacques-Yves Cousteau John James Audubon

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What Did You Learn?

Word Meaning

Words:

Facts:___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

U N I T

2Popular Science

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Before You Start

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B For each of the scientific events listed below, discuss the "funny thing" that the scientist discovered. Guess the years in which the events occurred.

A With a partner, read and explain the following quotation by Isaac Asimov. Asimov was a Russian-born American scientist and writer.

"The most exciting phrase to hear in science, the one that heralds the most discoveries, is not 'Eureka!' (I found it!) but 'That's funny...'"

1609 1687 1866 1895 1903 1930s

1. In Germany, Wilhelm Roentgen discovers X rays. __________

2. In England, Sir Isaac Newton publishes his theory on universal gravitation. __________

3. In the U.S., Vladimir Zworykin helps develop the electron microscope. __________

4. In Russia, Ivan Pavlov presents his theory about the conditioned reflex. ______

5. In Austria, Gregor Mendel publishes his book on the principles of heredity. __________

6. In Italy, Galileo Galilei builds the first telescope that can be used to view the skies. __________

C Choose two of the events listed in exercise B. For each event, imagine that you are the scientist who is involved, and write a diary entry about how thediscovery occurred.

D With other students, discuss ways in which each of the events listed in exercise B affects your life today. Consider how your life would be different if this event had never taken place.

Quartet 922

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What Do You Know?

A Look at the illustrations, and name events in the history of science that are related to them. Compare your choices with those of other students.

1

2

3

4

5

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B Match each of the following scientific events with a statement that you might have heard before that event occurred.

Events

1._____ In about 1853, American Gail Borden creates condensed milk, which can be put in cans and stored on shelves formonths.

2._____ In Sweden, Alfred Nobel invents dynamite in 1867.

3._____ Englishman Alexander Flemingdiscovers penicillin, the first modern antibiotic, in 1928.

4._____ With a colleague, Charles Richter creates the scale that was named after him. Developed in the U.S. in 1935,the scale expresses the strength of earthquakes.

5._____ In 1905, Frenchman Alfred Binet creates a way to measure intelligence a test whose score is called an intelligence quotient, or I.Q.

6._____ The battery-operated pacemaker is developed by Americans Earl Bakken and Clarence W. Lillehie in 1957.

7._____ In about 1593, Galileo Galilei invents the thermometer in Italy.

Statements

a. "I wish there were a way to help make the cashiers' work easier and faster at the supermarket. Then the lines would be much shorter."

b. "For years I've said I'm cleverer than my brother. I just wish there were a way to prove it."

c. "I don't agree. I'm sure that the house shook much more today than it did last time."

d. "How will we be able to feed the baby on the long journey in the carriage? Any food we carry with us will go bad."

e. "That's the twenty-eighth patient I've lost to heart problems in my career.There must be a way to help keep hearts beating."

f. "Well, what do you think? Are all the other galaxies the same distance away from our galaxy?"

g. "I had the most unusual dream last night, and there is absolutely no one I can talk to about it."

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C Look at the events in exercise B again, and answer these questions. Explain your answers.

1. Which event do you think affects the greatest number of people today?

2. Which of these scientists deserves the greatest praise for his or her work?

3. Which discovery may have saved lives?

4. Which event changed people's ideas about the world most drastically?

D Choose an event from exercise B that has both positive and negative aspects. Write two paragraphs about it.

Events

8. _____ In Austria, Sigmund Freud publishes a book (dated 1900) on the analysis of dreams and his innovative concept of psychoanalysis.

9. _____ In 1970, the Monarch Marking Company in the U.S. develops the bar code. This computer-scanned codeidentifies the object on whichit appears.

10. _____ In 1929, American astronomer Edward Hubble proposes the theory that the universe is expanding.

Statements

h. "There must be a faster way to build a tunnel through this thick rock."

i. "We knew the infection wasspreading, but there was nothing the doctor could do to stop it."

j. "They say it's hot enough today tofry an egg in the town square. Justhow hot is it?"

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What Do You Think?

A Which of these events do you think will occur in your lifetime? An astronaut will set foot on another planet.

Ordinary people will establish a colony on another planet.

Divers will be able to swim in the deepest parts of the sea.

Robots will replace most workers in fast-food restaurants.

There will no longer be a need for keys.

Books will become obsolete.

People will not leave their homes without their portable oxygen supply.

Each couple with a new baby will receive a genetic map detailing the entire medical future of their child.

B Here is an excerpt from the story you are about to read. Read the excerpt, and answer the questions below.

"How do you turn the lights on, Ted?" she asked, turning to her husband.

"Just say it," Ted said with a grin.

"Say what?" Ramona giggled.

"Say, 'Lights on!'" With that, all the lights in the house came on, brightening up the hall so that it looked like a festive palace.

1. What kind of story is this?

2. When does it take place?

The Anniversary Vacation

With excitement and some trepidation, Ted and Ramona walked up to the door ofthe magnificent marble house. Ted had planned the vacation as an anniversary surprise for his wife. He couldn't really afford this kind of vacation on his own, but his company had agreed to help him out a bit. They liked to keep their workers happy by granting little favors like this. Ted was so busy with his work at the computer company that the time he and Ramona spent together was precious. His hours were very long, but there were little perks like this vacation.

"What do we do to get in?" Ramona wondered out loud. "I think we just put ourfinger on this little ledge over here, where the doorbell usually is. It's supposed toread our fingerprints and let us in," Ted said.

Ted had done a lot of reading before the vacation. The house had several high-tech features that he and Ramona weren't used to. Although his wife wasn't very interested in high-tech innovations, she usually went along with Ted's ideas.

Ramona placed her finger on the fingerprint ID, and the door slid open. She held her breath in anticipation as she walked into the entrance hall. She had never been in such a luxurious mansion in her life. She had only seen places like this on TV shows about celebrities.

"How do you turn the lights on, Ted?" she asked, turning to her husband.

"Just say it," Ted said with a grin.

"Say what?" Ramona giggled.

"Say, 'Lights on!'" With that, all the lights in the house came on, brightening up the hall so it looked like a festive palace.

Suddenly, the two heard soft music coming out of invisible speakers. Ramona couldn't believe it. It was their song! The one that had been playing on the radio when theyd first kissed!

"Oh, Ted," Ramona smiled, "you're such a romantic. How did you get it to do that?"

"Well," Ted replied sheepishly, "I asked them to program in all of our favorite songs before we came."

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Something to Read

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Ramona walked through the house to have a look at the other rooms. As she went by each room, the doors slid open automatically. She peeked into the roomswith amazement. She couldn't believe that all this was theirs to use! Ted followed closely behind, smiling with glee. Even he hadn't imagined it would be this much fun.

The couple decided to try the living room first. They entered the plush, carpeted room and sat down on a comfortable white leather couch. One wall was made of glass, providing a marvelous view of the pool out the back. The water looked cooland refreshing, and sparkled in the sun.

"We'll have to try that later," Ted said, looking at the pool longingly. After sitting for a while and looking outside, they decided to roam around the house a little more. They felt like two children exploring a new world. Their firststop was the entertainment room, where a huge wrap-around movie screenshowed the opening shot of Ramona's favorite movie. In the middle of the roomwere two leather chairs that could be moved in different ways via little remote-control buttons on the arm. Playing with the buttons, Ramona and Ted swiveledaround and tilted backwards as they watched the huge movie screen. Soon Tedrealized that the chairs could roll around the whole room! He started chasingRamona in her chair, and she screeched with laughter as she fiddled with thecontrols and tried to roll away.

When they had had enough of that room, Ted and Ramona moved on to themusic room, which was filled with instruments of every kind. Ted chose theelectric guitar, and Ramona sat down at the drums. When Ted called out "Start!"the instruments started making music by themselves. Neither Ted nor Ramonahad ever picked up an instrument in their lives, but now they were playing theway famous pop stars do. Ted danced around the room with his guitar. Ramonabeat the drums excitedly. Finally, they had had enough and decided to move on.

"I'm pretty hungry," Ramona said.

"Hmm. So am I. Let's see what's in the kitchen," Ted replied.

When he got to the glass and stainless steel kitchen, Ted opened the fridge. It was filled with scrumptious gourmet food salmon pat, duck l'orange, roasted potatoes, chocolate mousse cake Ted's mouth watered. There was also a bottleof champagne in a bucket of ice on the glass table. Ramona and Ted filled their plates with food, poured the icy champagne, and clinked their glasses.

"Here's to us," said Ted.

"Here's to us," replied Ramona.

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Just as they were about to take a sip, the kitchen began to fade away. Ramona and Ted heard a loud beeping noise. Suddenly, everything went dark.

"Hey!" Ramona said as she lifted off her helmet and took off her glove. "They could have given us a bit more warning!"

Ted took off his helmet and glove. They were back in the dark little booth at the virtual reality center. They picked up their things from the table. This table was plastic, not glass. The walls were cement, not marble. Ramona looked around in disappointment. She had almost believed that their little vacation was real notvirtual. Ted and Ramona left the building and went home to their one-bedroomapartment in the center of town. It was a nice vacation. Now back to reality.

What Do You Think Now?

Answer the questions.

1. The story has a surprise ending. What is the surprise? Were you surprised?

2. Where does the story take place? In reality or in virtual reality? How do you know?

3. Prepare a simple explanation of virtual reality for someone who doesn't know what it is. Use reference books or the Internet to help you.

4. Go back to your answers to exercise B in What Do You Think? Were they correct?

5. How long is Ted and Ramona's vacation? How did you draw this conclusion?

6. Why does the kitchen "fade away"? Do you think this is a technical problem or a decision made by the company to end their vacation? Why do you thinkso?

7. It is not surprising to find a front door, a door to each room, lights, chairs, a tape system, and musical instruments in a house. How are these items unique in the virtual house that Ramona and Ted visit?

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8. Even before they turn on the lights, Ted and Ramona know that the house isdifferent from average houses. Find two adjectives that suggest that the house is special.

9. Match these adjectives with the objects they describe in the story. Then find other combinations using adjectives and nouns from the box.

Adjectives1. comfortable 2. icy3. marvelous4. one-bedroom5. plush6. scrumptious7. soft

Objects

a. apartment b. foodc. carpetd. champagnee. viewf. couchg. music

10. Write one paragraph describing the things you would probably find in Ted and Ramona's apartment.

11. Which of the innovations in the virtual house might you see in your house someday? Mention two or three other innovations that are likely to appear inmost homes some time in the future.

12. Do you think Ted's job, as mentioned in the story, is virtual or real? Explain.

13. Give the story a new title.

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Something to Write About

Write a short science-fiction story based on one of the following:

1. a virtual home2. a virtual swimming pool3. a door that recognizes fingerprints4. furniture that follows voice commands5. virtual musical instruments6. virtual food

Language in Use

With + noun, In + noun

A Which words in these sentences describe Ted and Ramona's feelings as they explore the virtual house?

1. With excitement and some trepidation, Ted and Ramona walked up to the door of the magnificent marble house.

2. She held her breath in anticipation as she walked into the entrance hall.

3. Ted followed closely behind, smiling with glee.

With Without + abstract nounIn

These expressions are like adverbs. They describe how a person does or feels about something.

}

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B Say these adverbs in another way by completing the expressions with a noun.

Example:silently in _______ or without ___________________

1. carefully: with _______2. angrily: in ______3. amusingly: with ______4. efficiently: with ______ or without ______5. fearfully: in ______6. violently: with ______7. lovingly: with ______8. hungrily: with ______9. hastily: in ______

C Complete each sentence. Add a phrase that includes in, with, or withoutand one of the nouns from the box.

Example: Scientists who experiment with genetic engineering must do so with care.

1. The astronaut took her first step on the planet of Mars _____________.

2. The archeologist handled the ancient skull ______________________.

3. _____________________ our new robot performs all the cleaning tasksin our house.

4. He has adjusted to using his artificial leg ________________.

5. The public reacted to the news of the new medication ________________.

6. _____________________ we listened to a two-hour lecture on the history of microbiological research.

silence a noise (or a sound)

Some Wordsamusementangeranticipation

careefficiencyexcitement

feargleehaste

hungerlovesilence

soundtrepidationviolence

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7. _____________________ the theory about the origins of the universe was introduced.

8. Sigmund Freud listened to the details of the dream ___________________.

9. Charles waited ___________________ for the next science fiction novel to appear in the local library.

10. When the bank went broke, some people reacted __________________.

What Do You Think?

A In a small group, read the following list of questions. Choose three and discuss them.

1. Why do stars shine at night?2. Why do people yawn? Is yawning contagious?3. What makes a person's stomach rumble?4. Why did the dinosaurs disappear?5. What causes snoring?6. What determines our eye color?7. What causes the holes in Swiss cheese?8. Why are sunsets so colorful?9. What is inside a computer?

10. What causes hiccups, and how can people get rid of them?

B Share your ideas with the class about the questions you discussed in exercise A.

1. Propose different theories and ideas.

2. Find out how accurate your answers were. Check reference books, search the Internet, or ask experts.

C Look at the heading and glance through the passage in Something More to Read. Where would you find letters like the ones in the next passage?

Dear Jane,Candles are supposed togo out when you blow onthem, but at our officebirthday parties, thecandles don't always goout! When someone blowson them, these trickcandles magically relightthemselves. I can't figureout how they work. Canyou answer this burningquestion?Signed, Incredulous Ivan

Dear Ivan,Trick candles containsomething that normalcandles don't magnesiumcrystals. Lighting a regularcandle with a matchprovides enough heat to

make the wick catch onfire, but there's not enoughheat to keep the wickburning after the flame hasbeen blown out. That's thejob of the magnesiumcrystals. They retain enough heat to make thewick keep on burning evenwhen you blow on it. (Bythe way, when you've hadenough fun, dip thecandles in water to coolthem off so they won'tkeep relighting.)Yours, Jane

Dear Jane,My little brother and Imade a bet, and the loserhas to clean out the cat'slitter box for a month. Isay that Bart, our cat, purrswhen he's content. Youknow, when he's beingstroked or fed. My brothersays there's no specialreason for his purring, that

Bart is just doing itunconsciously, likebreathing. Please say I'mright!Sincerely, Raul (who hates cleaningthe cat's litter box)

Dear Raul,I'm afraid that you'll haveto do at least half of thecleaning, since there is nodefinitive answer to yourquestion. How do youknow when a cat iscontent? Until Bart can tellyou, you'll never know. What we do know is thatpurring is a form ofcommunication. Cats onlypurr when people or otheranimals can hear them. Bythe way, although a cat'spurr comes from avibration in the throat, noone knows exactly how thesound is made.Yours, Jane

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Something More to Read

Now its YOUR turn to askour science expert, Jane the Brain

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Dear Jane,As a retired person, I havea lot of free time to spendon my porch looking outat the bird feeder everymorning. Am I imaginingthings, or do I really seepairs of birds that appearto be "married"? I couldswear I see the same twocome around everymorning, eat some seeds,wash them down, and flyoff together.Cordially, Mary Matchmaker

Dear Mary,Some birds do mate forlife. You know theexpression "Birds of afeather flock together"?

This actually seems to betrue! More often than not,bird couples are made upof a male and a femalethat look alike. Male andfemale birds that don'tlook alike are much lesslikely to pair up for life.Why not set up a fewmore feeders and start acouples' club?Yours, Jane

Now its YOUR turn to askour science expert, Jane the Brain

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What Do You Think Now?

Answer the questions.

1. Find clues that show that the three letter writers are not the same age.

2. Which question involves chemistry? What area do the other questions involve?

3. How could scientists test the theory about when cats purr? Suggest a method.

4. In Jane's reply to Ivan, she answers a question that he did not ask. Write that question.

5. If Jane had given Raul a "definitive" answer, how would it have affected life in Raul's family?

6. One of Jane's replies suggests two areas in which more scientific research is needed. What are the two unanswered questions that scientists can explore?

7. What sort of professional background do you think Jane has?

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Something to Write About

Choose two topics.

1. Write two letters with questions to Jane. You can base your questions on thelist in What Do You Think? After you write your questions, do some researchto learn the facts. Then write answers to the questions.

2. Write a full-page magazine advertisement for a real-estate agency that is trying to sell property on the planet Mars. Think about the advantages that would attract people to another planet. Which aspects of life on Earth would people want to keep, and which would they like to give up?

3. Make a list of at least three scientific developments that are likely to occur inthe next century. Choose one, and write a newspaper article that reports on the development. Keep in mind the questions that reporters must answer: Who? What? When? Where? Why? and How?

4. Write a four-paragraph essay about the pros and cons of using animals for scientific experimentation. The first paragraph should discuss the use of animals in scientific research. The second should explain the pros, and the third, the cons. Conclude the essay with a short paragraph giving your opinion.

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Language in UseSupposed To

A Which objects from the passages you read are supposed to do thefollowing?

1. It's supposed to read our fingertips and let us in.

2. They're supposed to go out when you blow on them.

Supposed to is used to describe something that must be done because it is expected or because a law or rule requires it. Example:Scientists are supposed to follow the scientific method when they perform experiments.

Supposed to is used to describe something that is considered true.Example:Genetic research is supposed to be the most fascinating area of science today.

Supposed to have + past participle describes a situation that should have happened but may or may not have happened. Example:George was supposed to have arrived yesterday.(Possible meanings: A. The speaker doesn't know whether George has arrived at all. B. The speaker knows that George hasn't arrived yet. C. The speaker knows that George arrived today, not yesterday.)

B Answer in complete sentences.1. What is supposed to happen when you hold a lit match next to a

candle wick?

2. What are you supposed to do if the fire alarm rings at your school or office?

3. What are some things that people are not supposed to do in a library?

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Something to Talk About

Somebody has donated a large sum of money to be spent on scientific research. In a small group, have a debate about the best way to use that money. Follow these steps:

1. Choose one of the following areas of research:

The mapping of human genes to obtain a clear understanding of genetic disorders

The possibility of creating colonies for settlers on other planets Sources of food and energy in the sea Ways of predicting natural disasters, such as earthquakes, volcanoes,

and tornadoes Methods of preserving the ozone layer The development of robots that can be used in more ways than existing

robots can

2. Find information on the current state of research in the area you chose.

3. Brainstorm to come up with ideas justifying why your area should receive the money.

4. Design a way to present your arguments effectively.

5. Conduct the debate.

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Project

Choose a project.

1. Here are several events in the history of science. Describe the situation or beliefs before and after each of these events.

1543: Nicolaus Copernicus theorizes that the planets, including Earth, revolve around the sun.

1628: William Harvey discovers how blood circulates in the human body. 1953: Jonas Salk produces the first successful polio vaccine.

2. Choose one of these questions. Do some research and then write a scientifically-based explanation.

What happens when a mosquito bites? What does Earth look like when viewed from the moon? What causes acne? Why do we have wax in our ears? Why do people start smoking cigarettes despite clear medical evidence

pointing to their harmful effects? Why doesn't it hurt to have your hair cut?

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Word Meaning

What Did You Learn?

Words:

Facts:___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

U N I T

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Before You Start

A Who in the entertainment industry uses these objects?

B With a partner, read this list of professions in the field of entertainment, andanswer the questions about them.

1. Which people work behind the scenes in entertainment?2. Which do you think earn the highest salaries?3. Which need to go through the most training?4. Which do you think must be born with talent?

1

5 6 7 8

2 3 4

Some Words

circus lion tamer concert pianistcostume designerdrama coachmovie actormovie criticpop-song lyricistrecording-studio technician

stand-up comedianstunt person talent scoutticket sellertheater usherTV camera operatorTV talk-show hostwriter of TV advertisements

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5. Which enjoy the most fame?

6. Which have to deal with the most competition in getting their jobs?

7. Which have to deal with danger?

8. Which help the careers of other entertainers?

9. Which are under constant pressure to be original and creative?

10. Which of these professions would you enjoy?

C What complaints are you likely to hear from a theater usher, a ballet dancer, and a stand-up comedian about their professions?

D With a partner, answer these questions. Compare your ideas about entertainment.

1. Do you like classical music? Why or why not?

2. Who are your favorite movie actors and actresses? Which roles do you think were their best?

3. About how many music CDs do you buy in a year? How do you make your choices?

4. Do you pay attention to what critics say or write about new movies,television programs, or books?

5. Do you think entertainers are overpaid?

6. Are you thinking about working in the entertainment industry in the future?If so, in what profession?

7. Which of these forms of entertainment do you think will still be popular in another 300 or 400 years? Explain your answer.

a. television talk shows b. classical music c. disaster movies

8. Which new forms of entertainment do you predict people will enjoy in the next half century?

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What Do You Know?

A Read these facts about the acting profession in William Shakespeare's time (1564-1616). Check the facts that are new to you.

____ 1. A group of about twenty-five people were responsible for every aspect of producing Shakespeare's plays at the Globe Theater. They made financial decisions, acted, played musical instruments, built sets, and sewed costumes.

____ 2. A small group of boys played all the female roles. People in Shakespeare's time believed that it was improper for women to appear on stage. It was also thought that boys did a better job at playing females than women did!

____ 3. Actors were not given full scripts to read. They saw only their lines and the lines that came immediately before and after. In addition, they never knew until the day of the performance who would be playing the other roles.

____ 4. There were several categories of seats in the Globe Theater. The cheapest were not seats at all but rather a large area for standing in front of the stage. The most expensive seats were right on stage. The upper classes, who had spent a lot of money on clothes, wanted to show them off. Being on stage, they often felt they had a right to participate in or comment on the play during the performance.

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____ 5. Few members of the audience stayed in the theater for an entire play. Most would leave for a while during the performance to chat with friends or have something to eat.

____ 6. The Globe Theater had no roof, and all performances took place during the light of day. There was no scenery on stage. Audiences could only get information about the setting or time of day of a scene from what they saw. They depended on the actors to give them this information in the lines they spoke.

Did you know?

The original Globe Theater was built in 1599 and burned down in 1613. Almost 400 years later, a replica of the theater was built in 1997 nearits original location in London. The builders used the same kinds of materials and construction techniques that were common in Shakespeare's era. Today, audiences enjoy daylight performances there just as they did nearly 500 years ago.

B Discuss the differences between entertainment in Shakespeare's day and entertainment today.

1. Does the price of a seat in modern theaters still depend on its location in the theater?

2. How has the job of actors changed since Shakespeare's time?

3. How do you think audiences reacted then if they did not like the play they were watching? How would today's audiences react in a similar situation?

4. How would you be able to tell if you were looking at a modern stage or a Shakespearean stage?

5. Why are audiences probably more comfortable in modern theaters?

C Discuss your experiences with Shakespearean plays.1. Which of Shakespeare's plays have you seen, either on the stage or at the

movies? What were your impressions?

2. A classic is a work of literature that continues to be considered excellent after many years. Why do people regard Shakespeare's plays as classics?

A1. ____ There are television sets in seven out of ten households around the world, according to a 1997 UNICEF survey. The fastest growth is in developing countries. Of all the television sets purchased annually throughout the world, three out of four are bought in developing countries.

2. ____ Time Magazine's "Man of the Year" is usually a famous politician, scientist, or writer.

3. ____ Children between the ages of two and five in the United States watch around 25 hours of television per week.

4. ____ Traditionally, the French have had one of the highest movie going rates in the world.

5. ____ In 1982, researchers at the University of British Columbia studied children in three towns. Only two of the three towns had television sets.

6. ____ A study of children aged 10 -12 in India showed that they absorb more information from television than they do fromprinted materials.

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What Do You Think?

A Match a fact from A with another one from B to find out about television-watching habits around the world.*

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B

a. In 1991, the honour went to Ted Turner, founder and owner of Cable News Network (CNN).

b. The comparable figure for adult women aged 55 and older is about 42 hours.

c. Nevertheless, television is still a largely unknown form of entertainment in sub-Saharan Africa.

d. One group was asked to watch a two-minute news story on television, which was shown only once. Another group was given a written transcript of the story and was permitted to use as much time as they needed.

e. Movie attendance dropped from 412 million in 1957 to 112 million in 1993. Guess why.

f. Those who did not watch television had higher reading scores. However, as soon as they got television sets at home, their scores dropped.

*Information obtained from the UNICEF site at http://www.unicef.org/newsline/pr20x.htm; and from Nielsen Media Research, cited at http://infoplease.com.

B What can you infer from the information you read in exercise A? Do you think it is a negative, pessimistic message? Explain.

C Based on what you think and what you have heard or read, list the negativeeffects of watching television. Think about the influence on society as well as on the individual viewer.

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Something to ReadMy Name is Lana. I Am a TV Addict.

Part 1

When Lana didn't turn up for the big holiday party, all her friends knew that thingshad gone too far. She wasn't returning any phone calls. In class she wasconstantly distracted. She always rushed home as soon as the bell rang andnever had any of her homework done on time. She even stopped caring abouthow she looked. The problem was obvious to everyone. Lana was addicted totelevision.

It started when Lana had her tonsils removed and had to stay home from schoolfor a week to recover. In the morning she watched the talk shows. At noon, thesoap operas began. At four o'clock the sitcoms started, and in the evening, therewere the dramas and popular comedy shows. Lana watched them all, even thelate-night talk shows. By the time Lana was ready to go back to school, she washooked. She began talking about the television personalities as if they were herfriends. She was so involved with the lives of the characters on the sitcoms thatshe couldn't relate to anyone else. While she was in school, she taped herfavorite soap operas on video and stayed up watching them well into the night.

"Lana, don't you have any homework to do?" her mother would ask each day.

"Oh, I did it all at school, before I left," Lana lied.

Her parents were worried. They knew that something was going on, but they didn't know what to do. They thought that perhaps she had a crush on one of the boys in her class and that's why she was so distracted. Teenagers who could understand them?

When Lana got her end of term report card, she knew that her problem was moreserious than she had realized. She was failing all of her classes. She really wanted to stop watching television, but she couldn't help herself. The shows had taken over her life. She couldn't sleep at night without knowing what hadhappened on her favorite soap opera. She couldn't walk by the television setwithout just having a look to see what was on. And once she started watching,there was no stopping her. She often fell asleep with the lights of the televisionflickering across her face. Lana needed professional help.

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It was on a Monday night during the commercials that Lana saw the advertisement as she was looking at the TV listings in the paper.

Addicted? TAA can help!TV Addicts Anonymous

Call us at 678-7878.

Lana jotted down the number. During the next commercials, she decided to call."Hello? My name is Lana. I'm a TV addict."

The woman's voice on the other end of the line was kind and understanding. "Well, Lana, you've called the right place. You're not alone. Would you like to come to our next meeting and find out what TAA is about?"

"Yes. When is it?" Lana asked.

"Next Thursday at 7 p.m.," the woman answered.

"Butbutthat's when one of my favorite programs is on!" Lana felt panicky at the thought of missing the detective show.

"We can't help you unless you help yourself, dear," the woman said.

Lana gathered up all her strength. "Okay. I'll be there."

What Do You Think Now?

Answer the questions.

1. Of all the unusual behavior that Lana displayed, what convinced her friends that she was an addict?

2. Lana paid attention to the advertisement and decided to call. What does thisshow about her?

3. Lana gathered up all her strength. Why did she need to gather up all her strength?

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Something to Read

Part 2

When Lana got to the meeting, she couldn't believe her eyes. The room was filledwith people of all ages. One by one, they all got up and told their stories.

"My name is John, and I'm a TV addict. I can't stop watching comedy shows. My marriage has been ruined because of it."

"My name is Doreen, and I'm a TV addict. After I had my last baby, I became addicted to sports programs. I used to work out four times a week but now I don't ever get off the couch and go to the gym. I stopped playing ball with my kids, too. I've caused so much harm to myself and to my family" Doreen startedto cry. Everyone offered support as each person opened up and admitted to an addiction to television.

Lana continued going to TAA for a year. It was difficult, but with the support of good friends and family, she slowly began to get over her addiction. First, she had to admit she had a problem. Then she managed to limit herself to only two hours of television a day. She came to value her everyday life without escaping into the lives of television characters.

The hardest day was when everyone in the group was told it was time to give up their television sets. There was a locked room at the TAA center. The room was filled with hundreds of television sets with little tags on them. Each tag had a TAAmember's name on it. When the members felt ready and strong enough, they could take the sets back.

Lana felt better than she had in years. Her grades were improving. She was beginning to socialize and go to parties again. She even started going out with a boy from her class. Whenever she saw televisions in the window of an electronicsstore she still felt an urge to watch, but she held herself back. Then one day, Nancy the group leader came up to her after a meeting.

"Lana, you should be really proud of yourself. You're doing wonderfully. I want to give you a little something as a gift from the TAA center. We all need a little escape once in a while, and I think you're ready to try something new."

Nancy gave Lana the present. It was wrapped in gold paper. Lana opened it with great curiosity. It was a book.

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"Thank you. I don't know what to say," Lana said with emotion in her voice. That night, Lana began reading the book. It was wonderful. She was transported to a far-off magical place with strange people and events. The best thing was thatshe could stop reading, put in her bookmark, and come back to it at any time. Lana couldn't believe she had wasted so much time watching television when there was a whole world of imagination in books!

Lana never lost her love for books. She finished high school with top marks, thehighest ones being in English. She went on to study literature at college, andfinally became a college professor. Lana still finds it hard to walk by a flickeringtelevision set. Sometimes she goes to a TAA meeting. She often wonders if shesimply replaced one addiction with another. But everyone needs some sort ofescape, don't they?

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Answer the questions.

1. TAA stands for TV Addicts Anonymous. Why do you think the word anonymous is important?

2. How do we know that TAA did not intend to teach people to live the rest of their lives without television?

3. Continue the story by adding a paragraph that shows Lana had replaced one addiction with another.

4. Both Lana's friends and parents noticed that she was distracted. How do people act when they are distracted?

5. Complete these sentences with addict, addicted, or addiction.

a. Lana knew she was __________ to TV.

b. Her __________ had caused her to fail all her classes.

c. Lana's parents didn't know she'd become an __________.

d. "I admit I am a TV __________."

e. Lana became __________ when she stayed home from school for a week.

f. After completing the TAA program, did Lana exchange one __________ for another?

6. What gave Lana the urge to watch television after she had gone to TAA for a year? What might give a former smoker the urge to smoke?

What Do You Think Now?

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Something to Write and Talk About

A Write a survey about television-viewing habits. Ask questions about the following issues:

the age, sex, education, and profession of the person who is filling out the questionnaire

the number of television sets in the household and their location when and for how long the person watches television each day the person's favorite kinds of programs (give some choices) the person's least favorite kinds of programs other activities that the person does while watching television other issues that you are interested in asking about

B Ask some friends and/or family members to fill out the questionnaire.

C Share your survey results with others, and draw conclusions based on thedata that the whole class gathered.

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Language in UseThe Passive Causative: Have Something Done

It started when Lana had her tonsils removed.

have + noun phrase + past participle of a verb This structure emphasizes the action and the fact that someone or something caused the action to happen.

Compare: I cut my hair. I had my hair cut.We fixed our car. We had our car fixed.

A Use the pattern in the box to complete these sentences.1. After attending TAA meetings for several months, the participants had

their television sets ______ away from them.

2. Many TV addicts had their problem ______ by going to TAA.

3. At the bookstore, Nancy asked to have Lana's gift ______ in gold paper.

B For each question in group A, find an answer in group B.

Group A

____ 1. What does a very tall piano soloist need?____ 2. What does a new circus clown need?____ 3. What does a comedian whose jokes fail need?____ 4. What do dancers who have been working out all day need?____ 5. What does a new actress need to become famous?

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Group B

a. to have their legs massagedb. to have her name mentioned by gossip columnistsc. to have a wig and nose fittedd. to have the bench raisede. to have the material rewritten

C Write sentences that follow the pattern have/has/having + noun phrase + past participle

1. The director asked the actors to memorize their parts by tomorrow.The director asked the actors to have ______________________ ____________________ by tomorrow.

2. The dream of many actors was fulfilled when the Globe Theater was rebuilt.Many actors had _______________________________________ when the Globe Theater was rebuilt.

3. A seamstress familiar with Elizabethan design makes all the costumes for the actors.The actors ___________________________________ by a seamstress familiar with Elizabethan design.

4. Our television is being repaired, so our evenings are filled with reading and trivia contests.We are ____________________________________________ so our evenings are filled with reading and trivia contests.

5. A famous record company recorded our first song.We _________________________________________ by a famous record company.

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What Do You Think?

Did you know?

In the 1960s, a famous American recording company rejected the Beatles saying that guitar music was on its way out.

A With a partner, talk about movies, television programs, or pieces of music. Try to find at least one that you disagree about.

Give reasons for your opinions. Try to convince your partner of your views. Write one sentence summarizing the two opinions.

B Think about these questions with your partner, and write down your ideas.1. What is the job of critics in the entertainment world?

2. Where can you read or hear reviews of different kinds of entertainment?

3. Would we be better off without such critics? Explain your opinion.

4. Have you ever disagreed with a critic about a movie, television program, or performance you have seen? Explain how your opinions differed.

C Read the following text. Where would you be likely to find excerpts like these?

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Something More to Read

An Off Night?As part of his 12-city international tour,Sergio Ballestra walked on stage last nightto a cheering, filled-to-capacityauditorium. Yet by the time he reached thesecond movement of Beethoven's SecondPiano Concerto, people all around mewere beginning to check their watchesimpatiently, as though they needed to getto an important meeting.

--Sally Graham

It Was Funnier the First TimePerforming his familiar routines before alive audience last night, Jim Guffaw tooka professional risk. After millions havealready seen and heard the same jokes onhis regular television series, how could heexpect his spectators to fall out of theirseats with laughter as they hear it allagain?

--Michael Martinez

Rock Around the ClockIt was 2:45 in the morning when theecstatic crowd finally let their beloved performers leave the stage and return to their hotel for a well-deserved rest. Who said that today's rock musicians have nothing new to contribute?

--Howard Chan

Maybe a Few Clowns WouldHelp Spice Things Up

The same black limousines. The same elegant gowns. The same flashy smilesand hopeful eyes. The 72nd AnnualFrances Movie Awards weren't much different from the 71st or the 58th or the45th. No wonder the television ratings for this event have gone down in recentyears.

--Chris Wilkerson

CriticsCorner

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What Do You Think Now?

Answer the questions.

1. Who wrote the only favorable review?

2. What is Jim Guffaw's profession?

3. What is Sergio Ballestra's profession?

4. How does Chris Wilkerson know that he isn't the only one getting bored withthe Frances Movie Awards ceremony?

5. Write two words to describe the feelings of the audience at the beginning and in the middle of the classical music concert.

6. Add at least two sentences to each review.

Something to Write About

Choose a favorite movie or episode of a television series, and write two paragraphs about it.

In one paragraph, summarize the plot. You can describe it with verbs in either the past or present tense.

In the second paragraph, give your opinion. You may wish to compare the movie or program to others you've seen. Think about commenting on the acting, the music, or the directing.

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Language in Use

As if, As though

A Read the examples and the explanations below.

We use as if and as though to explain how a person or a thing looks, feels, or sounds.Example:It looks as if the movie will be very successful.

The phrases as if and as though can also be used to explain the mannerin which something was done. We use the past, even though we are talking about the present. This suggests that the idea is not real.

Examples:I laughed at every the comedians joke as if it were the first time I had heard it. (But it wasnt)

The actor read his lines as though he were reading a train timetable. (But he wasnt)

She acts as if she were the queen. (But she isnt)

They began to check their watches impatiently as though they needed to get to an important meeting. (But they didnt)

B Complete each sentence in a logical way.1. I smiled at my nephew's piano recital as if __________________.

2. The director told the actress to read her lines more convincingly, as if ___________________________.

3. The audience was clearly bored, but the magician continued as though ___________________________.

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4. It was as if ______________________. I had never heard a more moving performance of the Mozart Requiem.

5. I totally disagree with this critic's review of the movie. It's as though ___________________________.

6. The lead guitarist relates to her fans as if __________________________.

7. Modern studio techniques can make a weak singer sound as if _________.

8. The art of using stunt people is to make scenes appear as if ___________.

9. The atmosphere in the new Globe Theater encourages audiences to feel as if _________________.

10. I love the voice of the man who does this radio show every afternoon. When he speaks, it's as if ________________________.

Something to Write About

Find two entertainment reviews from a newspaper. Read them and answer the questions for each.

1. What was reviewed?

2. What was the critic's general opinion?

3. What examples does the critic give to support his or her opinion?

4. Which key words in the review indicate the tone of the writer? For example, does the writer sound disappointed, enthusiastic, or cynical?

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Project

A The people in this list were active in the entertainment industry during the 20th century. Choose one person, and gather information for a biographical

B Use the most interesting information you found to write your essay.

Tips:

Decide on a way to organize and present the information. Use your own words to tell about the person's life, character, and

achievements. Include photographs or drawings if possible.

Marian AndersonBob DylanShirley Temple BlackFederico Fellini

Enrico CarusoW.C. FieldsWalt DisneyAlfred Hitchcock

Isadora DuncanMarcel MarceauJacqueline Du PrStevie Wonder

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Word Meaning

What Did You Learn?

Words:

Facts:___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

U N I T

4Crime and Punishment

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Before You Start

A Discuss the meaning of the crime triangle.

1. Explain the three conditions necessary for people to commit crimes.

2. What happens when an element of the crime triangle is missing?

3. Describe a situation in which one of the elements of the crime triangle is missing, and imagine what happens.

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4. For each of the potential crimes listed in the box, decide

what the motive is. what the criminal needs (the means) to be able to commit the crime. what opportunity might allow the crime to take place.

B Write a short story about a crime that did not succeed because one of the elements of the crime triangle was missing.

5. Do you think that if all three conditions exist, a crime will definitely becommitted?

6. How can society teach people that it is morally wrong to commit a crime?

7. What can society do to prevent criminals from committing crimes? Hint: Think of the crime triangle.

Some Words

a. stealing a famous painting from a museum

b. forging money

c. spreading a computer virus

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What Do You Know?A In the box are five types of crimes. Read each list of preventive advice, and

find the matching crime.

1. Advice: Be on the lookout for people who appear to be just "hanging around." If the person behind you is closer than you would like, ask the person to

move back a few steps. If the person refuses, find another location. Have your card and code ready before you begin. When you have finished, put everything in your wallet or bag

immediately.2. Advice:

Avoid parking in underground garages or parking lots at night. Do not leave valuable items in view or even in the trunk. Install a good alarm system that can also detect the shattering of a

window. 3. Advice:

Go with a companion. Stay in familiar areas. Carry a whistle. Take a different route from time to time.

4. Advice: Change the locks when you move in. If you hear a strange noise when you are alone, call out to an imaginary

friend. Keep a phone next to your bed.

5. Advice: Never give any information about yourself. Don't react. An emotional reaction is just what the person wants. For each incident, write down the date, the time, and the words that you

hear.

Some Wordsa. assault on joggerb. burglaryc. car break-ind. robbery near a cash machinee. threatening or abusive phone call

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B Add one piece of advice for preventing each crime listed in exercise A.

C You are a police officer who is filling out a report form for a burglary. Based on the form below, what questions should you ask the person who is reporting the crime?

Remember that the language in official forms is usually formal. The questions youask to get the information can be very simple.

D Add two questions that the police officer might ask the victim in exercise C.

E Write two pieces of advice for each of the following:1. Preventing robberies at a small grocery store2. Keeping a valuable dog from being stolen

Report Form for Breaking and Entering

For Office Use Only

1. Name of victim(s): 2. Address and telephone number:

3. Estimated time 4. Location of victim at time of break-in:of break-in:

5. Items stolen: 6. Description of property damage:

7. Value of damaged property: 8. Means of entry:

9. Personal injuries: 10. Time of notification to police:

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What Do You Think?

A Answer the questions.1. Can you name any criminals, real or fictional, whom people have admired

for their deeds?

2. Many people find the lives of notorious criminals fascinating. How can you explain this?

B The following sentences come from the story you are going to read. Read the sentences, and try to guess the answers to the questions.

Who was Dillinger? Some say he was just an ordinary man. Others say he was a cruel criminal.

1. Who was Dillinger?

We followed his movements on the map and secretly cheered him on each time he dodged the forces of law.

2. Why did the speaker "secretly cheer" Dillinger on?

The proud owners of the lodge were stuck with a band of gangsters.

3. Why were the owners of the lodge "stuck" with the gangsters? Who were the gangsters?

In the meantime, the FBI was conducting one of its biggest searches ever.

4. What does the FBI's involvement tell us about the case?

They planned what they hoped would be the raid of the century.

5. What is a raid? Who planned the "raid of the century"?

By the time the agents got into the building, they discovered that Dillinger had escaped with five of his gang members.

6. The title of the story is The Bohemia Blunder. What do you think the blunder was?

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C Guess the meaning of the words in bold from the context.At school we chattered excitedly about the robbery. My good friend Wilson was overjoyed that somebody had gotten back at a bank.

1. To chatter means to __________. A person who is overjoyed is very __________.

But we kids started reading about his robberies in the paper and eventually cameto admire his daring.

2. Daring means __________.

As the months passed by, we devoured every story that was published about Dillinger and his gang.

3. To devour means to __________.

We secretly cheered him on each time he dodged the forces of law. 4. To dodge means to ___________.

When Mrs. Wanatka was invited to a family gathering, her husband wrote a letterto the FBI.

5. A gathering is __________.

She secretly tucked the letter into her blouse. 6. To tuck is to __________.

When she heard that the gangsters were preparing to leave, she immediately went and tipped off the FBI.

7. To tip off is to __________.

As darkness descended, the agents assembled and drove out to the lodge. 8. To assemble is to __________.

Gunfire suddenly erupted from the roof of the lodge before any agents took a shot.

9. Gunfire erupted means gunfire __________.

D Check your answers to exercise C by comparing with a friend or looking up the words in a dictionary.

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Something to Read

The Bohemia Blunder

Back in '33, I was just a child in school. To tell you the truth, I was actually quite lucky, because my parents still had some money. We weren't rich by any means,but in those days, it wasn't unheard of to lose your entire life's savings. Bankswere going broke by the dozen. In the evenings the grown-ups would talk aboutwho had lost their home that day. We all blamed the banks for everybody's unhappiness.

One spring morning as I brought in the paper, I saw a headline splashed across the top of the front page. Another bank had been robbed, and in plain daylight! At school we chattered excitedly about the robbery. My good friend Wilson was overjoyed that somebody had gotten back at a bank. His family was on the verge of losing their business. Little did we know that we would all come to know this bank robber as if he were a member of our own family.

John Herbert Dillinger was his name. Who was Dillinger? Some say he was justan ordinary man. Others say he was a cruel criminal. But we kids started reading about his robberies in the paper and eventually came to admire his daring.

As the months passed by, we devoured every story that was published about Dillinger and his gang. You might even say that we eagerly awaited the morning paper to see if perhaps another robbery had been committed. We followed his movements on the map and secretly cheered him on each time he dodged the forces of law. We got to know the names of his friends, of the hotels where he stayed, and of the police officers who lamented their unlucky misses.

One of the most exciting of our favorite gangster's exploits was the Bohemia blunder, as we called it. Apparently, Dillinger and the gang were in need of some rest and relaxation. They turned up one day at the Little Bohemia Lodge, a resorthotel in Wisconsin. Now the owners didn't know who these guests were, but, asyou can imagine, the truth eventually came out. Poor Mr. and Mrs. Wanatka. The proud owners of the lodge were stuck with a band of gangsters. These men were surely capable of doing just about anything.

So what do you think the clever couple did? When Mrs. Wanatka was invited to afamily gathering, her husband wrote a letter to the FBI in which he explained whowas staying at the lodge. As Mrs. Wanatka was leaving for the party, she secretly tucked the letter into her blouse. We can safely assume that Dillinger didn't have a clue about the letter.

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In the meantime, the FBI was conducting one of its biggest searches ever. Anxious to get the criminal behind bars, agents were busy following his tracks through Ohio, Illinois, and Indiana. Then they received the information that the gang was at a hotel in Wisconsin. This was the chance they'd been waiting for! They planned what they hoped would be the raid of the century.

One afternoon at the lodge, Dillinger and his gang notified the Wanatkas that theywould be departing that evening right after dinner. Apparently Mrs. Wanatka's sister was over for a visit. When she heard that the gangsters were preparing to leave, she immediately went and tipped off the FBI.

As darkness descended, the agents assembled and drove out to the lodge. Quietly surrounding the building, they heard a dog start to bark. And then anotherdog, and still another one. No one had warned them about that! So when several men came out of the hotel, the agents assumed that the men were Dillinger's associates, coming to check on the barking dogs. According to official FBI sources, gunfire suddenly erupted from the roof of the lodge before any agents had taken a shot. Of course, a gunfight followed, and by the time the agents got into the building, they discovered that Dillinger had escaped with five of his gangmembers.

Dillinger had outwitted the authorities once again. What was supposed to be one of the FBI's most spectacular captures turned into one of the worst fiascoes in theBureau's history.

When we children read about the Bohemia blunder in the paper the next day, weall breathed a sigh of relief. But was that right? Today, as I look back on that time,I wonder if perhaps there were too many Americans of all ages who worshipped this outlaw as something close to a hero.

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What Do You Think Now?

A Go back to your answers in What Do You Think? on pages 68-69. Were your guesses right? Explain.

B Answer the questions.1. About how old is the writer? How do you know