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QUARTERLY ACHIEVEMENTS OF INDIA METEOROLOGICAL … · Networking, analysis & DisseminationDoppler...
Transcript of QUARTERLY ACHIEVEMENTS OF INDIA METEOROLOGICAL … · Networking, analysis & DisseminationDoppler...
QUARTERLY ACHIEVEMENTS OF INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT
INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT
Volume : 1, No. 3, Jul – Sep 2010
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OBJECTIVES OF MODERNISATION Modernisation of atmospheric observation & forecasting systems was initiated to improve the quality of meteorological services in the country with focus on the following:
To enhance capabilities of observational systems To network all existing and new observational systems To enable reception, processing and archival in digital form To assimilate multi sector data in numerical models and
prediction To ensure real‐time dissemination of all processed
information
As a part of this and in keeping with the guide–lines given by the Planning Commission, Secretary, MoES constituted an expert committee comprising of eminent scientists and experts in India under the chairmanship of Shri D. R. Sikka to specify the optimum requirements of the observational network required for Forecasting, Aviation Services, Agro‐meteorology and human resource in the field of meteorology to provide a weather service of World Standard. The committee recommended the optimum observation network for IMD.
REQUIREMENTS OF OPTIMUM OBSERVATION NETWORK Observation Instrument
Optimum Number
Number Available / Planned with other organization after
phase-I
Number remaining
under Phase -II
Automatic Rain Gauge 3600 1600 2000
Automatic Weather Station 1150 750 400
Doppler Weather Radar 68 34 34
Wind profiler 15 13 2 Aeronautical Instrumentation 50 26 24*
Upgrade RS/RW 44 30 14 Upgraded Pilot Balloon 70 70 0
* May be procured under Aviation Scheme
MODERNISATION OF IMD
It was proposed to implement the complete modernisation in three phases. In the first phase, it was approved to develop a network with minimum and necessary observation system consisting of existing and new instruments, appropriate connectivity with a complete end‐to‐end forecasting system along with High Performance Computing (HPC) for receiving, processing and archiving information at IMD Headquarters as well as their dissemination in real time to the end users in digital form. In next phases further densification of the observation network is to be undertaken. The commissioning of Doppler Weather Radars will start from the first phase but all 55 DWRs will spill over to 12th five year plan as Phase III. The Union Cabinet approved the implementation of Modernisation of observation and forecasting facilities of IMD (Phase – I) on 13th December 2007, (to improve the weather forecasting services in India) at an estimated cost of Rs.920.00 crores in two years. It has been further extended till March 2011The Phase‐I to be implemented in project mode and classified into broadly two groups: a) OBSERVATIONAL SYSTEMS 1. Doppler Weather Radars 2. GPS Radio Sonde Stations 3. New Optical Theodolites 4. Automatic Weather Stations and Rain Guages 5. Airport Met Systems 6. Wind Profiler 7. Lightening Detection 8. Indigenous development of Radio Sonde b) NETWORKING, ANAYLSIS, DISSEMENATION 1. AMSS 2. Forecasting & other systems of MFI 3. HPCS
In this issue
Volume : 1, No. 3, Jul – Sep 2010
Information Technology: e‐governance p6Networking, analysis & Dissemination p6 WRF Analysis p7 Extended range forecast p8 Forecasting & other systems of MFI p8
INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT8
Editorial Board: Shri Satish Bhatia-Editor in Chief, Shri A.K. Singh – Surface Instruments, Shri B. Arul Kanan- Radar, Shri Gajendra Kumar-Upper Air, Dr. D.R. Pattanaik-NWP, Shri Kuldeep Srivastava-GPS, Shri A.D. Tathe-IT,
Shri A.K. Mitra-Satmet, Dr. Naresh Kumar- Forecasting Layout Designed by
U.P. Singh and Dinesh Khanna, Publication Section India Meteorological Department, Mausam Bhawan, Lodi Road, New Delhi - 110 003 and Printed at ADGM(R), Pune
Tel. : 43824276; Telefax : 91-11-24699216 & 91-11- 24623220
Modernization Phase – I p1 Doppler Weather Radars p2 Upper Air Systems p3 Automatic Weather Stations and Rain Guages p4 Airport Met Systems, Wind Profilers, Satellites p4
Extended range forecast of withdrawal of monsoon The southwest monsoon 2010 withdrawal started from west Rajasthan on 27 September (http://www.imd.gov.in/ section/nhac/dynamic/Monsoon_frame.htm) with a delay of nearly 4 weeks. Subsequently, it withdrew from the entire northwest India including Delhi on 28 September. The forecast of withdrawal of monsoon from Delhi was very crucial in view of the ongoing work pertaining of the Common Wealth Games (CWG), which was to be organized from 3‐14 October, 2010 in Delhi. IMD generates and issues operational extended range forecast on every Friday for subsequent two weeks. The multi‐model extended range forecast is prepared based on the coupled model outputs from ECMWF and NCEP. The ECMWF has a specific monthly forecast system, which has 51 ensemble members. The products of the ECMWF monthly forecasting system are based on weekly forecasts for 4 weeks based on every Thursday and valid for days 5‐11 (week1; Monday to Sunday), days 12‐18 (week2), days 19‐25 (week3) and days 26‐32 (week4). The operational coupled model run at NCEP, known as the Climate Forecast System (CFS) generates the forecast on every day with 4 ensemble members. The outputs from these two models are used for generating the multi‐model ensemble forecast, which is generated on every Friday with forecast anomaly for week 1 (Monday to Sunday) and week 2 (subsequent Monday to Sunday). The operational extended range forecasts generated on 9 September, 2010 as given in Fig. 3 indicate continuation of rainfall over northwest India and Delhi region till 26 September and thereby no chance of monsoon withdrawal till that time. Thus, there was indication of no withdrawal of monsoon at least till 26 September about 17 days in advance, which was very useful information for the CWG‐2010 organizers.
The operational coupled model run at NCEP, known as the Climate Forecast System (CFS) generates the forecast on every day with 4 ensemble members. The outputs from these two models are used for generating the experimental multi‐model ensemble forecast through the following steps.
Figs. 3(a&b). Multimodel forecast (based on 9 September) rainfall anomaly (mm/day) for days 5‐11 and days 12‐18 valid for 13‐19 September and 20‐26 September, 2010 respectively.
Forecasting & other systems of MFI
1. Second SAT of Central Information and Processing System (CIPS) was completed on 2nd July 2010.
2. VI steering committee meeting of MFI system held from
23rd to 25th August under the Chairmanship of Secretary, MoES.
3. Clisys administration training for 6 officials in Delhi was
given from 20‐24 September, 2010.
4. Integrated Forecasting and other System of MFI were
inaugurated by Hon’ble Minister of Earth Sciences and Science & Technology on 23rd September, 2010.
(b)
(a)
Volume : 1, No. 3, Jul – Sep 2010
Fig. 1. WRF‐Var wind analysis at 850 hPa (9km) during 17 – 20 September 2010
Fig. 2. Cumulative observed rainfall (mm) and corresponding WRF forecast rainfall during 17‐20
September, 2010 at 24hr, 48hr and 72hr forecast
INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT 7
Volume : 1, No. 3, Jul – Sep 2010
OBSERVATIONAL SYSTEMS
DOPPLER WEATHER RADARS
CWG‐2010 Nowcasting Exercise
The First radar under the IMD modernization at Palam, New Delhi geared for CWG‐2010 nowcasting. Exercise were performed and suitable strategy devised. A study of a same weather event (top ‐ CWG strategy; lower ‐ general) for close range nowcasting carried out during August 2010 is shown below:
Inauguration of Second radar under modernization plan
The second Dopplar Weather radar under the IMD modernization has been commissioned at Hyderabad on 16.07.10 and inaugurated on 18.09.10 by Dr. K. Rosaiah, Hon’ble Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh in the presence of Elected members & Ministers and AVM (Dr.) Ajit Tyagi, DGM‐IMD.
Dr. K. Rosaiah, Hon’ble CM of Andhra Pradesh, and (AVM) Dr. Ajit Tyagi, DGM‐IMD inaugurating DWR at Begumpet Airport, Hyderabad
Hyderabad Radar Illuminating
Installation completed at Agartala and Mumbai
Radar installation has been completed in Mumbai & Agartala. These two locations will be commissioned before this calander year. First BEL make Doppler radar is installed in Mumbai.
Radar at Agartala
Status of remaining sites
The status of the remaining radar locations are: Patiala (G+4) – Base rings installed during September 2010 Lucknow( G+3)‐Base ring installation in progress Kochi(G+5)‐ 5th floor column casting in progress
*Paradip (G+6) – Floor casting is in progress *Karaikal( G+4)‐ Roof casting stage *Goa (G+4) ‐ ‐Shuttering for base ring fixed
*Terrace casting and equipment room finishing kept on hold in view of MoD’s advice
INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT2
Volume : 1, No. 3, Jul – Sep 2010 Volume : 1, No. 3, Jul – Sep 2010
Kochi building blooming…
Network and Radar Status Monitoring
Inbuilt feature to monitor the newly bought Radar in a network has been activated. The picture shows the central server configured to monitor Palam and Hyderabad radars. The Colour of the radar icon indicates the status [Green‐OK, Red‐FAIL]. This makes the central server totally utilized to a maximum in fulfilling the remote monitoring capabilities.
Status of C‐Band Radars For the two C band radars the building modifications are being carried out. Supply order for the radars has already been placed. The radars are expected to be installed by the next year.
UPPER AIR SYSTEMS To achieve data quality standards required by the Numerical weather Prediction (NWP) centers, various aspects of modernization including upgradation of observing system and
transmission of data to central data centre in real time were planned. Accordingly it was planned to upgrade 25 RS/RW stations and to provide new optical theodolites to all PB stations and optical electronic theodolites at 5 stations. Present status of various schemes is as follows: Project Present Status 25 Upper Air Systems Commissioning of GPS based upper air radiosonding system ‐ 10 Nos.
Project has been completed.
Development of New Generation Radiosonde and ground equipment ‐ 2 Nos.
Project is in progress. Trial ascents successfully completed. RT installed at RS/RW Santacruz for field trials, which will be completed soon. GPS radiosonde along with ground system has also been developed and test ascents have been completed. Transfer of technology has been done. Manufacturers have been identified through EOI. Limited tenders will be invited for manufacturing of different assemblies of radiosonde, which will be inducted into the operational network.
Commissioning of GPS based upper air radiosonding system ‐ 13 Nos.
Project is in progress. 13 Nos. of RS/RW stations shall be upgraded by high quality GPS radio sonde. Technical and commercial evaluation of the tender has been completed. Case is under consideration of IFD concurrence/approval. After the approval supply order will be placed. Systems will be installed and commissioned after the delivery. TEC, CST for procurement of five numbers of GPS system with 4000 radiosonde under Forecast Demonstration Project (FDP) has been completed.
70 Pilot Balloon Theodolites 5 Electronic Optical Theodolites
Project is in process. Technical evaluation of the tender has been completed.
65 Optical Theodolites
INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT6
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY : e‐GOVERNENCE An e‐governance Intra‐IMD portal, METNET, completed two years on 27th July 2010. The site statistics reveals over 800 IMD Officials access for numerous applications on office matters, daily. The METNET brings all offices of IMD on a centralized and standardized e‐governance platform. In view of functionalities, responsibilities and required authorities, formation of a METNET Unit, under appropriate authority i.e. administrative and functional control of the Administration / Establishment is in process. New E‐Governance Projects on METNET : S.No Projects Assignment Status To be Implemented By
1
IMD Centralized E‐Administration Support System This is an online e‐Service Book application for management of personal records of the officials, generation of reports of all sorts of admin. matters.
By DGM, Dated 27.07.2010
Recent Additions on METNET :
S.No Additions
1 Facility of Video Display started, wherein the videos of events occurring at IMD are displayed to all IMD Users.
2 Facility of photo‐based identification of the employees.
NETWORKING, ANALYSIS AND DISSEMINATION
Meso‐scale (WRF) high resolution analysis and forecast The regional mesoscale analysis system WRF‐Var is operationally running in IMD Head Quarter, Delhi with its all components i.e. preprocessing programs (WPS and REAL), observation assimilation program (WRF‐Var), boundary condition updation (update_bc) and forecasting model (WRF). In WRF‐Var assimilation system, all conventional observations over a domain (200S to 450N; 400E to 1150E), which merely covers RSMC, Delhi region are considered to improve the first guess of GFS analysis. Assimilation is done with 27 km horizontal resolution and 38 vertical eta levels. The boundary conditions from GFS forecasts run at IMD are updated for consistency with improved mesoscale analysis. WRF model is then integrated for 75 hours with a nested configuration (27 km mother and 9 km child domain) with full physics (including cloud microphysics, cumulus, planetary boundary layer and surface layer parameterization). The real time WRF‐Var analysis wind at 850 hPa at 9km during 17‐20 September, 2010 is shown in Fig. 1, indicating system formation in Orissa coast and subsequent northwestward movement. Heavy rainfall observed over many parts of western UP and Uttarakhand associated with the system. The observed cumulative rainfall and the corresponding forecast cumulative rainfall from WRF‐Var associated with the system during the period 17‐20 September 2010 is shown in Fig. 2. It is seen that model reasonably captured heavy rainfall in 24hr, 48hr and 72hr forecast also.
Ready for Implementation After approval of
Trainings
E‐I, E‐II, E‐III & METNET Units of O/o DGM; and Admin Sections of All other 11 Offices.
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IMD DakIA : Centralized Dak Inventory Application The application is an online inventory system for the management and keeping electronic records of the correspondences by and to the offices of IMD. It also generates Dak / Dispatch Numbers and auto‐tracking of in and out letters.
By DDGM(A&S) and FO
Ready for Implementation After approval of Trainings and availability of resources
Dak and Dispatch Units of All 12 Offices of IMD.
3 IMD AWAS An Online Guest House Booking and Allotment System.
By Guest House In‐Charge
Ready for Implementation
O /o DDGM (A&S) Guest House In‐Charge
Project has been completed.
IMD MK‐V Intercomparison Ground System Antenna,
GPS Radiosonde Receiver
INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT 3
Volume : 1, No. 3, Jul – Sep 2010
The system is also able to receive images from Chinese Polar orbiting satellite FY‐1D. The payloads /instruments on these satellites are : S. No.
Instrument/Payload in NOAA & MODIS
1. Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit‐A (AMSU‐A) is a microwave sounder with 15 channels in the 23‐90 GHz range.
2. Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR/3) is an imaging radiometer with six channels (3 visible/near infrared and 3 infrared) in the range of 0.6‐12 microns with resolution of 1 Km in all the channels.
3. High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS/4) is a temperature sounder with 19 infrared channels in the 3‐15 micron range, and one visible channel.
4. Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) is a microwave sounder with five channels at 89, 157 and around 183 GHz
5. Space Environment Monitor (SEM‐2) is a multi‐channel charged‐particle spectrometer.
In addition to the core instruments, the NOAA satellites also carry: 7. Solar Backscatter‐Ultraviolet Radiometer (SBUV/2), a
spectral radiometer with 12 channels in the 252.0‐322.3 nm in discrete mode and 160‐400 nm in scan mode, used for generating total ozone and ozone profiles.
8. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a payload on board the Terra and Aqua satellites. The instruments capture data in 36 spectral bands ranging in wavelength from 0.4 µm to 14.4 µm and at varying spatial resolutions (2 bands at 250 m, 5 bands at 500 m and 29 bands at 1 km).
The usability of the products ranges from NWP model assimilation, nowcasting, aviation forecasts, land surface processes its atmospheric interaction, energy flux exchanges, radiative transfer, global energy budget, cloud categorization, ozone concentration variations, radiation heat budget, Global circulations, fish stock locations, etc. Few of the products are provided below: Fog Detection
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
Modernization of Cyclone Warning Dissemination System In continuation with the meeting under the chairmanship of Shri A. K. Bhatnagar, ADGM(EREC) on 20.8.2010 between IMD, ISRO, Doordarshan; Shri A. K. Sharma, Scientist F, (Sat. Met.) and Shri N. K. Pangasa, Scientist E (Telecom) represented IMD for finalisation of an MoU with ISRO for DTH modified type Cyclone Warning Dissemination systems installation (500 nos.) along coastal India, in a meeting with ISRO and M/s BEL Ltd. officers on 31.08.2010.
5 INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT
Volume : 1, No. 3, Jul – Sep 2010
AUTOMATIC WEATHER STATIONS AND RAIN GUAGES
AWS and ARG Installations As the automated systems can be installed in a uniform grid enabling for a better numerical model ingest, 550 Numbers of AWS and 1350 ARGS were to be installed. The installed locations are provied in the MAP as a red dotted overlay. Tabular details of installations made upto 30th September,2010 in each state is also provided.
Installed AWS (550 Project)
Installed ARGs (1350 Project)
The latest statistics of the number of stations state wise is provided below : List of AWS & ARG Installed till 30th September 2010 STATE AWS Installed
Andhra Pradesh 22 Bihar 27 Chatishgadh 18 Delhi 11 Gujrat 26 Haryana 25 Himachal Pradesh 22 Madhya Pradesh 48 Maharashtra,Goa &Daman 38 Orissa 30 Punjab 25 Rajasthan 15 Tamilnadu 7 Uttar Pradesh 36 Uttarakhand 12 Total 362
STATE ARG Installed
Goa 5
Maharashtra 69
Gujrat 66
Orissa 177
Madhya Pradesh 12
Total 329
AIRPORT MET SYSTEMS
Modernisation of 26 airports with state‐of‐art aviation weather support system has been proposed under modernisation plan. CST for this has been completed and the case is being processed further with MoES.
WIND PROFILER SYSTEMS Four wind‐profilers under modernization plan and three under CWG were planned. Tropospheric wind profilers at Allahabad, Mangalore, Balasore, Machilipatnam, New Delhi, and Boundary layer wind‐profilers at Jaipur and Agra have been proposed . CST for this has been completed and the case is being processed further with MoES.
SATELLITES NOAA/MODIS/Metop receiving and processing systems were installed at New Delhi and Chennai for generating satellite derived products from Polar orbiting satellites of USA & Europe and to use them in conventional forecasting and NWP models.
INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT4