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10/14/14 1 Warm Up Lots of handouts Turn in Flame test Lab Orbital shapes worksheet (do it now) New ConnectED assignment after today Agenda Worksheet: Orbital shapes Review: Quantum numbers (PAP) (Quiz next class) Whiteboards: Quantum numbers practice (PAP) Coloring: periodic table – s, p, d, f Notes: Electron configurations (quiz next class) Whiteboards: energy level diagrams practice Worksheet: energy level diagrams Whiteboards: orbital diagrams and electron configurations Homework: orbital diagrams and electron configurations Objective express the arrangement of electrons in atoms through electron configurations Electron Configurations Where are the e s in an atom? Quantum numbers can tell us Quiz over these next time e “address” 4 of ‘em Principle Quantum Number Angular Momentum Quantum Number Magnetic Quantum Number Spin Quantum Number Principle Quantum Number (n) Same as “energy levels” in Bohr model Tells you how far from nucleus electron is Can be integers from 1 to ∞ An energy level has n 2 orbitals

Transcript of quantum numbers and e configs - Weeblysciencewithmrkelly.weebly.com/uploads/3/8/2/1/... ·...

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Warm  Up  !   Lots  of  handouts  

!   Turn  in  Flame  test  Lab  

!   Orbital  shapes  worksheet  (do  it  now)  

!   New  ConnectED  assignment  after  today  

Agenda  !   Worksheet:  Orbital  shapes  

!   Review:  Quantum  numbers  (PAP)  (Quiz  next  class)  

!   Whiteboards:  Quantum  numbers  practice  (PAP)  

!   Coloring:  periodic  table  –  s,  p,  d,  f  

!   Notes:  Electron  configurations  (quiz  next  class)  

!   Whiteboards:  energy  level  diagrams  practice  

!   Worksheet:  energy  level  diagrams  

!   Whiteboards:  orbital  diagrams  and  electron  configurations  

!   Homework:  orbital  diagrams  and  electron  configurations  

Objective  !   express the arrangement of electrons in atoms

through electron configurations

Electron  Configurations  

Where  are  the  e-­‐s  in  an  atom?  Quantum  numbers  can  tell  us  

! Quiz  over  these  next  time  

!   e-­‐  “address”  

!   4  of  ‘em  !   Principle  Quantum  

Number  

!   Angular  Momentum  Quantum  Number  

!   Magnetic  Quantum  Number  

!   Spin  Quantum  Number  

Principle  Quantum  Number  (n)  

!   Same  as  “energy  levels”  in  Bohr  model  

!   Tells  you  how  far  from  nucleus  electron  is  

!   Can  be  integers  from  1  to  ∞  

!   An  energy  level  has  n2  orbitals  

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Angular  Momentum  Quantum  Number  (l )  

!   Tells  you  shape  of  orbital  electron  is  in  

!   Also  called  “sublevel”  

!   Integers  from  0  to  n-­‐1  

!   Shapes  are:  !   l    =  0  ;  s  (sphere)  !   l    =  1  ;  p  (dumbbell)  

!   l    =  2  ;  d  (clover)  !   l    =  3  ;  f  (goofiness)

!   #  of  orbitals  in  each:  !   s=1,  p=3,  d=5,  f=7  

Atomic'Orbitals'

'

Orbital  shapes  

Magnetic  Quantum  Number  (ml  )  !   Tells  you  which  orbital  within  a  sublevel  electron  is  in  

!   Integers  from    –l      to    +l  

!   –l    ≤  m  ≤  +l  

!   Orbitals  can  only  hold  up  to  2  electrons  

2s

2pz 2py 2px

Spin  Quantum  Number  (ms)  !   Orbitals  can  only  hold  up  to  2  electrons  

!   Those  2  electrons  must  spin  in  opposite  directions  (pauli  exclusion  principle)  

!   Options  are  +½  and  −½  

A  quantum  nut  shell  1. Principal # → 2. Ang. Mom. # → 3. Magnetic # → 4. Spin # →

energy level sublevel (s,p,d,f) orbital electron

 

Quantum  Number  Practice  

!   Go  to  other  powerpoint  

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How  do  we  document  electrons?  

!   Every  neutral  atom  has  an  equal  number  of  protons  and  electrons  (1  negative  for  every  positive  charge)  

!   So,  for  most  atoms  writing  the  quantum  #s  for  every  e-­‐  would  take  forever  

!   Therefore,  we  created  a  shorthand  way  to  do  it  

!   It’s  called  an  “electron  configuration”  

!   Electron  configurations  (e  configs.)  tell  us  the  position  (“address”)  of  every  electron  in  an  atom  

!   In  order  to  understand  e  configs,  let’s  look  at  a  model  that  can  help  us  visualize  where  e-­‐s  hang  out  

Energy  Level  Diagrams  !   Each  box  is  an  orbital  

!   Orbitals  can  only  hold  up  to  2  electrons  

!   We  use  the  letters  to  write  sublevels  instead  of  numbers  

!

Correlation  b/w  Ptable  &  Orbitals   3  Rules  for  filling  orbitals  

!   Pauli  Exclusion  Principle  

! Aunau  Principle  

! Hund’s  Rule  

Pauli  Exclusion  Principle  !   No  2  electrons  can  have  the  same  4  quantum  numbers  

!   So,  any  2  electrons  occupying  the  same  orbital  (having  the  same  n,  l,  and  ml)  must  have  opposite  spins  

!   We  denote  this  using  up  and  down  arrows  

Aunau  Principle  

!   “building  up”  

!   Electrons  fill  the  lowest  energy  orbitals  first  

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Aunau  order   Aunau  order  

Hund’s  Rule  !   every  orbital  in  a  subshell  is  singly  occupied  with  one  electron  

before  any  one  orbital  is  doubly  occupied,  and  all  electrons  in  singly  occupied  orbitals  have  the  same  spin  

Energy  Level  Diagram  practice  

Orbital  Filling  Sequence  !   Use  what  you’ve  learned  and  the  orbital  filling  

sequence  diagram  to  answer  the  questions  on  the  orbital  filling  sequence  worksheet  

Orbital  diagrams  are  flat  energy  level  diagrams  

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Electron  configurations  are  orbital  diagrams  with  numbers  instead  of  arrows  

for  electrons  

!  1s22s22p4 !   Electron configuration for oxygen

Noble  gas  configurations  !   Abbreviated  electron  configurations  

!   Noble  gasses  are  the  right-­‐most  column  (family)  

!   Since  electron  configurations  read  like  a  book  on  the  periodic  table,  we  can  just  write  the  element  at  the  end  of  the  previous  row  (period)  and  continue  from  there  

!  [He] 2s22p4 !   Noble gas configuration for oxygen

Correlation  b/w  Ptable  &  Orbitals  Valence  Electrons  

Octet  rule   Neutral  Atoms  vs.  Ions