Quantities, Unit and Measurement Quantities and Unit Sumber Gambar 7/alat-ukur-massa.html Sumber...

Quantities, Unit and Measurement

Quantities, Unit and Measurement

Quantities and Unit

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7/alat-ukur-massa.html

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Adaptifpage: 2 The kinds quantities

The kinds of quantities

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Units

page 3 unit

Units

Tak baku Standard

Metric System

( MKS)

British System (FPS)

International System

(SI)

Adaptifpage: 4 basic quantities

Basic Quantities and Their Units

Basic quantities are the physical quantities that the units of which are predetermined, or the units are defined base on measurement international conferences.

There are 7 (seven) basic quantities:

Basic quantities SI units Symbol

Lenght meter m

Massa kilogram kg

Time Second s

Temperature kelvin K

Electric current ampere A

Amount of substance mol mol

Luminous intensity candela cd

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Derived quantities and their units

Derived quantities are the physical quantities which the units are derived from basic quantity units

Example:

page: 5 content

Derived quantities SI unit Symbol

Area Square Meter m2

Volume Cubic Meter m3

Density Kilogram/Cubic Meter kg/m3

Velocity Meter/second m/s

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Standard of Quantities Units

The unit of length

page: 6 the unit of length

The standard unit of length is meter. One meter is the distance between two mark on a bar of platinum-iridium alloy that was stored in the International Bureau of Weights and Measurement (Sevres, France)

After November 1983, the standard unit of length is used is the distance that ligth travels during an exact time interval of 1/299.792.458 second. Source : http://wapedia.mobi/id/Meter

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The unit of mass

page: 7 the unit of massa

The standard unit of mass is kilogram, that is the mass of a platinum-iridium cylinder which is kept in the International Bureau of Weights and Measurment in Sevres, France.

The derived international mass standard for United State is known as 20nd proptotype kilogram.

The 20nd prototype kilogram which is kept in National Standard, US, is a platinum cylinder which is kept under two glasses that is like a bell. (Source: Serway dan Jewett, Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 6th edition, 2004)

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The unit of time

page: 8 the unit of time

The standard unit of time is second (s). One second is defined as the time required for exactly 9.192.631.770 oscillations of an isotope cesium-133 atom particle.

Cesium atom particle in the Boulder laboratorium at Nasional Standard, US.(Source: Serway dan Jewett, Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 6th edition, 2004)

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The unit of electric current

page: 9 the unit of electric current

The standard unit of electric current is ampere.One ampere is the electric current flowing in two long parralel wires and have the distance of 1 meter in vacuum space and it gives force exactly 2 x 10-7 Newton.

Electric current

Electric current

2 x 10-7 Newton 1 meter

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The unit of temperature, luminous intensity, and amount of substance

page: 10 the unit of temperature, luminous intensity, and amount of substance

1. Temperature of ice sublimation in 76 cmHg is 273,15 K, Temperature of water boiling in 76 cmHg is 373,150 K.

2. The standard unit of luminous intensity is resulted from 1 m2 of the blackbody radiation glowing at temperatures of frozen platinum, that is 2046K. The blackbody is able to absorb all energies which strike it.

3. The standard unit of amount of substance is mole. One mole is the amount of substances which contain 6,025 x 1023 particles. (6,025 x 1023 is known as the Avogadro number)

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Awalan-awalan SI

Faktor Awalan Simbol Faktor Awalan Simbol

101 deca da 10-1 deci d

102 hecto H 10-2 centi c

103 Kilo K 10-3 milli m

106 Mega M 10-6 mikro

109 Giga G 10-9 nano n

1012 Tera T 10-12 pico p

1015 Peta P 10-15 Femto f

1018 exa E 10-18 atto a

Hal.: 11 Isi dengan Judul Halaman Terkait

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Measurement

Measurement of length

page: 12 ruler

A. Ruler

Ruler usually has smallest scale of 1 mm (0,1 cm)and the ruler strength can be measure until ½ part from the smallest scale (0, 5 mm or 0,05 cm)

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Measurement

page: 13 Vernier caliper

B. Vernier Caliper

source: http://www.lapasa.net/blog/

Vernier Caliper is more accurate than a ruler, since it has the smallest scale of 0,1 mm.

Vernier Caliper has 2 scales:a. Main scale (cm)b. Vernier scale/Nonius scale

(mm)

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Measurement


Main scale

Nonius scale

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How we measure length using a vernier caliper

page: 15 vernier caliper

First, in the left figure, we see the main scale that coincides with the zero nonius scale is between 4,7 cm and 4,8 cm.

Then, the nonius scale that is joint vertically with the main scale is the 4th scale. It means that the number is 0,4 mm (= 0,04 cm).

So, the reading of the vernier caliper is 4,7 cm + 0,04 cm = 4,74 cm.

First, in the left figure, we see the main scale that coincides with the zero nonius scale is between 4,7 cm and 4,8 cm.

Then, the nonius scale that is joint vertically with the main scale is the 4th scale. It means that the number is 0,4 mm (= 0,04 cm).

So, the reading of the vernier caliper is 4,7 cm + 0,04 cm = 4,74 cm.

Measurement

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Measurement

page: 16 micrometer screw

C. Micrometer screw

Source: http://www.e-dukasi.net

Main scale, consist of:Scale of 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, etc and scale of 1,5 mm, 2,5 mm, etc

Outer scale, consist of : scale of 1 until 50. If this part around 1 times, then the main scale add to 0,5 mm.1 outer scale is equivalent with 0,01 mm

Micrometer screw is more accurate than ruler and vernier caliper, because it has the smallest scale of 0,01 mm.

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Measurement

How we measure using micrometer screw

page: 17 micrometer screw

1. Based on the left figure, we see the main scale that coincides with the edge of the outer scale is between 2 mm and 3 mm.

It means that the length of sample is 2 mm.

2. Meanwhile, the line of the outer scale that exactly coincides with the horizontal line of the main scale is the 43th.

Then the reading of the micrometer screw is2 + (43x0,01) = 2 + 0,43 = 2,43 mm

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Measurement

page: 18 measurement of length

Example 2

Then the reading of the micrometer screw is: = 4,5 cm + (19x0,01) cm = 4,5 cm + 0,19 cm = 4,69 cm

1. Based on the left figure, we see the main scale that coincides with the edge of the outer scale is 4,5 mm. It means that the length of sample is 4,5 mm.

2. Meanwhile, the line of the outer scale that exactly coincides with the horizontal line of the main scale is the 19th.

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Measurement

Measurement of mass

page: 19 measurement of mass

Source: Bahan Ajar Modul Manual Untuk SMK Bidang Adaptif Mata Pelajaran Fisika, 2004

In daily life, there are so many units of mass, such as: gram (g), miligram (mg), ons, ton (t) dan kuintal (kw)

1 ton = 10 kuintal = 1.000 kg1 kg = 1.000 g

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Measurement

Instrument to measure of time

page: 20 Measurement of time

StopwatchSources : Dikmenjur, Bahan Ajar Modul Manual Untuk SMK Bidang Adaptif Mata Pelajaran Fisika, 2004

clocks

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ACCURATION

page: 21 accuration

Show the certainity degree of measurement

Show how close the measurement compare with the actual condition

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Uncertainty in measurement

page: 22 uncertainty in measurement

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ACCURATION

page: 23 accuration

If we measure with vernier caliper is more accurate than ruler. Ruler has the smallest scale of 1 mm, but vernier caliper has 0,01 mm.

Main scale

Nonius scale

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ACCURATION

page: 24 accuration

Generally, the result of measurement is not 100% accurate.

Generally, the result of measurement is not 100% accurate.

Second, does the toolgive the right result when it used to measure something that is on standar condition?

Second, does the toolgive the right result when it used to measure something that is on standar condition?

Tools must be recheck

periodicaly with the two-point

calibration methode.

Tools must be recheck

periodicaly with the two-point

calibration methode.

First, does the tool show the zero point scale? First, does the tool show the zero point scale?

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Source of uncertainty in measurement


Systematic

uncertainty

Mistake of instrument

calibration Mistake of

respon time

Mistake of

zero point

Enviromental

condition

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Source of measurement uncertainty

page: 26 source of measurement uncertainty

Extensive UncertaintyExtensive

UncertaintyExample

Electric voltage fluctuation

Electric voltage fluctuation

VibrationVibration

RadiationRadiation

Brown movement of air molecules

Brown movement of air molecules

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Source of measurement uncertainty

page: 27

Observation uncertaintyObservation uncertainty

Mistake in observation (paralaks)Mistake in observation (paralaks)

Mistake in scale reading

Mistake in scale reading

Mistake in instrument arrangement

Mistake in instrument arrangement

source of measurement uncertainty

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Measurement uncertainty

page: 28 measurement uncertainty

Every measurement potentially get an uncertainty result

Big uncertainty result indicates that a bad measurement

The smaller of the value of uncertainty result indicates an accurate measurement

Every measurement potentially get an uncertainty result

Big uncertainty result indicates that a bad measurement

The smaller of the value of uncertainty result indicates an accurate measurement

Quantities, Unit and Measurement Quantities and Unit Sumber Gambar 7/alat-ukur-massa.html Sumber...

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