Quality, Teachers and Decentralized Education
Transcript of Quality, Teachers and Decentralized Education
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Quality, Teachers and Decentralized Education
Module 2Quality Education in a Decentralized Context
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Quality Education in a Decentralized ContextModule 2: Teacher Demand, Teacher Supply and Teacher Education
• Ensuring adequate teacher supply, teacher quality and teacher attendance in rural areas is one of the major challenges of universal basic education.
Rationale
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Part 3: Teacher recruitment and deployment
In the third part of Module 2 we will:
Look at how decentralisation has been used to meet the challenge of:
• Staffing remote rural schools
• Improving teacher attendance at remote rural schools
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The Rural – Urban Challenge
Delivering UBE to rural areas is perhaps one of the greatest challenges facing policy makers because:
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The Rural – Urban Challenge
Delivering UBE to rural areas is perhaps one of the greatest challenges facing policy makers because:
Demand Side (Parent/ Student Characteristics)
• Higher opportunity costs of going to school in rural areas
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The Rural – Urban Challenge
Delivering UBE to rural areas is perhaps one of the greatest challenges facing policy makers because:
Demand Side (Parent/ Student Characteristics)
• Higher opportunity costs of going to school in rural areas
• Less educated parents are less able to provide home support
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The Rural – Urban Challenge
Delivering UBE to rural areas is perhaps one of the greatest challenges facing policy makers because:
Demand Side (Parent/ Student Characteristics)
• Higher opportunity costs of going to school in rural areas
• Less educated parents are less able to provide home support
• Home study may be harder with greater demands on time and without access to utilities such as electricity
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The Rural – Urban Challenge
Supply Side (Teacher Characteristics)
• Teachers prefer urban postings
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The Rural – Urban Challenge
Supply Side (Teacher Characteristics)
• Teachers prefer urban postings• Teacher absence rates are higher (collecting salary etc)
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The Rural – Urban Challenge
Supply Side (Teacher Characteristics)
• Teachers prefer urban postings• Teacher absence rates are higher (collecting salary etc)• Uneducated parents less able to monitor teacher attendance
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The Rural – Urban Challenge
Supply Side (Teacher Characteristics)
• Teachers prefer urban postings• Teacher absence rates are higher (collecting salary etc)• Uneducated parents less able to monitor teacher attendance• Limited teacher in-service support in rural areas
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The Combined Result
• Shortage of teachers in rural areas• Less qualified and experienced teachers in rural areas• Less women teachers in remote rural areas• Lower teacher attendance
Leading to ….
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Leading to ….
• Less instructional time for rural students• Lack of role models for female students in rural areas• Students loosing motivation and dropping out
Resulting in:
• Lower performance of rural students in comparison to urban peers
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Addressing Rural Urban Disparity in Teacher Deployment
There are two basic approaches to addressing rural urban-disparity in teacher deployment:
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Addressing Rural Urban Disparity in Teacher Deployment
There are two basic approaches to addressing rural urban-disparity in teacher deployment:
Centralised planning: Teacher recruitment and deployment is determined by a centralised body managing the whole system (this could be national or provincial).
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Centralised Deployment
Advantages:
• Whole system view
• Teacher selection less likely to succumb to local political pressures
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Centralised Deployment
Advantages:
• Whole system view
• Teacher selection less likely to succumb to local political pressures
Disadvantages
• Practical challenges of effecting rational and needs based deployment in face of resistance from teachers and teacher unions
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Decentralised Market Approach
Teachers apply for postings in response to advertisments at specific schools. Teachers are selected by the school governing body.
Advantages:
• Teachers deploy themselves – more likely to have better attendance records
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Decentralised Market Approach
Teachers apply for postings in response to advertisments at specific schools. Teachers are selected by the school governing body.
Advantages:
• Teachers deploy themselves – more likely to have better attendance records
Disadvantages
• Teacher selection can be vulnerable to local political pressures
• Less qualified teachers more likely to accept rural positions
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Teachers, Quality and DecentralisationTime Required: 1 hour
1. Watch the video of Mr Paramente P. Phamotse (Chief Education Officer –Primary, Lesotho) and discuss the following questions:
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of a decentralised recruitment system ?
• In your opinion would decentralised teacher recruitment offer any benefit to your country ? If so what ? Under what circumstances ?
• What would the practical and political implications be of introducing such a system in your country ?
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Teachers, Quality and DecentralisationTime Required: 1 hour 30 minutes
Supplementary / Intersession Activities
Read the extract and worksheet provided for Module Two: Activity Three and complete the exercises using the instructions provided.
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References:
Teachers for Rural Schools: A Challenge for Africa. Aidan Mulkeen, Africa Region. World Bank. 2005.
Additional Readings:
The World Bank/AED.2005: Recruiting, Retaining and Retraining Secondary School Teachers and Principals.