Quality of life & opportunities to position parks & recreation
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Transcript of Quality of life & opportunities to position parks & recreation
© 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
Quality of life & opportunities to position parks & recreation
INGRID E. SCHNEIDER, PHD
BRIGID TUCK, MS
XINYI QIAN, PHD
MRPA LEADERSHIP SUMMIT, MAY 2014
© 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
Forest & Natural Resource Mgmt Major
Park and Protected Area Management track
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TOURISM CENTER
Vision: – Be the source for tourism education & research
Mission/end: – Lead, prepare & support tourism for success & sustainability
Outputs: – Educational programs
– Educational & research publications
– Educational products
– Engagement
– Research projects with reports/presentations
Outcomes:
–Informed decisions, educated workforce & engaged communities
© 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
OUR TRAIL TODAY
Quality of life….
Economic impact…
Festival & events…
Sustainability
© 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
QUALITY OF LIFE (QOL)
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3 STUDY METHODS (SCHNEIDER, GUO, SCHROEDER)
Literature review
Focus groups Questionnaire
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METHOD 2, FOCUS GROUPS (N=29)
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FOCUS GROUP RESULTS: 11 QOL AREAS
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METHOD 3: QUESTIONNAIRE Representative
sample, 45% response
Quantify QOL &
transportation’s role
Importance &
satisfaction with
performance
Northwest
Northeast
South
Central
Metro
(7 county)
© 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
MINNESOTANS’ SATISFIED WITH QUALITY OF LIFE
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QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS PREVIEW
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IMPORTANCE OF QOL AREAS
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Rec and entertainment
Local services and amenities
Transportation
Spirituality faith and serenity
Education
Environment
Employment and finances
Housing
Family, friends and neighors
Safety and security
Health
Very unimportant Somewhat unimportant Slightly unimportant
Neither Slight important Somewhat important
Very important
© 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
RELATIONSHIP AMONG 11 QOL AREAS
Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3
Health Education Local services/
amenities
Spirituality, faith &
serenity
Family/friends Environment Recreation
Safety/security Employment
Housing
Transportation
© 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
HEALTHY PARKS & HEALTHY LIVES
2002 Presidential E.O. 13266: improve citizen health.
PA 1 of 4 pillars; led to MOU with DHHS, USDA, USDOI,
USACE
National Recreation & Parks Association ‘healthy
parks/healthy lives’
“Outdoor alliance for Kids (OAK)” national coalition to get
kids outdoors & active
– ‘Moving outdoors in nature act’
First Lady’s initiatives
– Let’s move (LM Outside; DOI administers)
– Get outdoors
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PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OPPORTUNITIES
Lei
Trans Home
Occ
US stats on obesity
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UFF DA!
http://www.health.state.mn.us/cdrr/obesity/index.html
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LEISURE TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY (LTPA) & PARKS
Public parks & trails: important places to
facilitate LTPA & improve public health
Park use linked to several physical health
outcomes
Motivations
Physical activity common benefit
sought by people using parks & trails (Bichis-Lupas & Moisey, 2001; Payne et al.,
1999)
Approximately 9 of 10 U.S.
citizens participate in outdoor
recreation (RoperASW, 2004)
24% of U.S. adults report no
leisure time physical activity (CDC, 2008)
© 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
DISPARITY IN OBESITY & PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
63.0% U.S. adults overweight or obese (CDC, 2007)
72.5% Black
66.8% Hispanic
Inactivity contributing factor
– 14% U.S. population is inactive
21.5% Black
22.1% Hispanic
– 48% meet the recommended
amount of physical activity (CDC, 2008)
40.2% Black
41.1% Hispanic
© 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
RESULTS- CONSTRAINTS TO LTPA DIFFERENCES BY RACE/ETHNICITY (SCHNEIDER, WILHELM
STANIS, SHINEW, CHAVEZ)
Summary:
Hispanic/Latino & Black: most constrained & visitors
have BMI > healthy
PROBLEM! Visitors who most need LTPA are most
constrained !
© 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
RELATIONSHIP AMONG 11 QOL AREAS
Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3
Health Education Local services/
amenities
Spirituality, faith &
serenity
Family/friends Environment Recreation
Safety/security Employment
Housing
Transportation
© 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
IMPORTANCE OF PARKS/REC TO MN IMAGE Water/lakes/rivers
Fishing…
Hunting..
Scenery…
Parks/trails…
Outdoor activities…
Charming small towns… http://www.exploreminnesota.com/industry-minnesota/research-reports/researchdetails/?nid=168
© 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
QUALITY OF LIFE (QOL)
© 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
© 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
A CLOSER LOOK AT PARK/RECREATION ASSETS IN RELATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE & $
Byways
Golf
Festivals/Events
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150 Scenic Byways in 46 states
Driving as leisure travel
49% drive for pleasure (Cordell et al. in press)
40% travelers use
scenic byway (USDOT
2005)
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BYWAY RELEVANCE: ECONOMIC FLOW
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BYWAY RELEVANCE: ECONOMIC ROI PRIMARY RESEARCH NEED (WILLIAMS ET AL. 2012)
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BEYOND $, BYWAY RELEVANCE: LIVABILITY/QUALITY OF LIFE (QOL)
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PROJECT PURPOSE (SCHNEIDER, LIECHTY, & TUCK)
Assess
Byway impact on quality of life elements
&
Economic impact of byway visitors
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MINNESOTA BYWAYS
6 National
22 designated scenic drives
39 million travelers
driving =13% of travel
activities (EMT 2007)
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METHODS –2 STUDY SITES
Paul Bunyan:
54 miles
Nat’l & state
Visitation: ??;
Lake Country:
88 miles
Est. visitation: 250,000
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RESIDENTS…RESULTS OVERVIEW
Byway contributes to 8 of 14 important
quality of life attributes
4 of 5 most important & contributing similar
across Byways
Residents > aware of Byways than visitors
Resident QOL: 4 top contributing attributes similar
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RESIDENT QOL: 2 DIFFER IN TOP 5
Lake Country : Paul Bunyan:
Events Community amenities
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RESIDENT: 6 AREAS BYWAYS NOT
PERCEIVED AS CONTRIBUTING TO QOL
Feeling safe
Good jobs for residents
Property value
Diverse economy
Proper zoning
Good public
transportation
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RESIDENT QOL FINDINGS: SO WHAT?
Max what matters!
Educate about Byway
impact
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PROJECT PURPOSE
Assess
Impact on quality of life
&
Economic impact of byway visitors
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ECONOMIC IMPACTS RESULT PREVIEW
< 10% visit because of Byway
10-15% alter route because of Byway
% spending on trip similar to other
research
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ECONOMIC: BYWAY AWARENESS (%)
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ECONOMIC: BYWAY & IMPACT ON VISITATION (%)
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RESULTS: TOURIST PARTY SPENDING PROFILES (US$)
Results: Total Economic Impact $12-38 million US$
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VISITOR FINDINGS: SO WHAT? Economic impact of
Byway
Residents don’t
recognize them
Opportunity to
increase awareness &
increase visitation
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SUMMARY FINDINGS Byways contribute to -
important QOL &
$
Residents don’t
recognize breadth of
Byway contributions &
Visitors not aware
Opportunity!
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© 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
A CLOSER LOOK AT PARK/RECREATION ASSETS Byways
Golf
Festivals/Events
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IMPACT OF 3M CHAMPIONSHIP
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ECONOMIC IMPACT ANALYSIS
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ECONOMIC IMPACT ANALYSIS
© 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF 3M GOLF
$0.0
$2.0
$4.0
$6.0
$8.0
$10.0
$12.0
$14.0
$16.0
$18.0
$20.0
DirectIndirect
InducedTotal
Mil
lio
ns
Labor Income
Output
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VISITOR SPENDING
General Public
Sponsored Guests
Players & Guests
$4.9
million
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SPENDING PER PERSON
$-
$200
$400
$600
$800
$1,000
$1,200
$1,400
$1,600
$1,800
$2,000
General Publiic Sponsored - Non-Golfer
Players Sponsored -Golfer
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TOP INDUSTRIES IMPACTED
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SUMMARY FINDINGS
Returns to residents: $7 million
Returns for businesses: $11.7 million
– Restaurants and bars
– Hotels and motels
– Advertising
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© 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
A CLOSER LOOK AT PARK/RECREATION ASSETS Byways
Golf
Festivals/Events
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FESTIVAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO QOL (QIAN & SIMMONS)
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MN FESTIVALS & EVENTS 2013
Methods:
– Online questionnaire
– Respondents (876 usable contacts):
Response rate=21% (n=194)
Completion rate=18% (n=156)
© 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
PURPOSES OF FESTIVALS & EVENTS
66
64
46
36
33
28
27
25
19
13
7
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Percentage of respondents
Lore/Legend Ethnic Diversity Promote Natural Resources
Charity Sports/Outdoor Activities Support Heritage of Community
Promote Local Retail Sales Promote Arts and Crafts Provide Local Entertainment
Develop a Sense of Community Attract Visitors
Develop a sense of community
Attract visitors
Provide local entertainment
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ACTIVITIES OFFERED AT FESTIVALS & EVENTS
71 67
55 37
33 28
23 20
17 15
12 11 11
10 8
5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80Percentage of respondents
Flea Markets Tractor Pulling Contests Midway Rides
Games of Chance Fireworks Bingo
Classic Auto or Machinery Shows Beauty Contests and Talent Shows Beer/Wine Brewing/Tasting
Athletic Contests Parades Dance
Business Display Booths Arts and Crafts Fairs and Shows Food Vendors
Live Entertainment
Live entertainment Food vendors Arts & Crafts Fairs & Shows
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COMMUNITY QUALITY OF LIFE WITH VOLUNTEERS
3
20
13
29
12 14
10
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
None 1-10 11-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 Morethan 250
Pe
rce
nta
ge o
f re
sp
on
de
nts
Number of volunteers at festival/event
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ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
13
27
24
10
22
0 20 40
$999 or less
$1,000-$9,999
$10,000-$24,999
$25,000-$49,999
$50,000 or more
Percentage of respondents
Budget
16
14
12
10
17
10
22
0 10 20 30
No Income
$1,999 or less
$2,000-$4,999
$5,000-$9,999
$10,000-$24,999
$25,000-$49,999
$50,000 or more
Percentage of respondents
Income
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ENGAGEMENT & ECONOMICS OF SPONSORSHIPS
1.3
16
17.3
24.4
32.1
38.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Other
Service Clubs
Chamber of Commerce
City or County Government
Non-profit Organizations
Private Businesses
Percentage of Respondents
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MORE ALIKE THAN DIFFERENT? (PESCH)
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In summary…
– Contribute to both
resident & visitors QOL
– Engage residents as
volunteers & sponsors
– Generate income for
community
– Build interest & income
for sponsors
FESTIVALS & EVENTS
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© 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
Quality of life….
Economic impact…
Festival & events…
Sustainability
OUR TRAIL TODAY
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SUSTAINABILITY
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SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS PRACTICES IN TOURISM INDUSTRY
Methods:
– Online questionnaire
– Benefits/challenges & What they are doing
– Analyze by year & region
– Respondents: Usable sample size Response rate (%) Completion rate (%)
2007 451 26 19
2010 581 22 17
2013 426 16 12
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WHY IMPLEMENT SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Economic savings
Improved consumer prospects
Remaining competitive
Meeting customer expectations
Improved organizational image
Improved customer perceptions
Increased environment protection
Attracting new clientele
Percentage of respondents
Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree
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CROSS-YEAR COMPARISON IN PERCEIVED BENEFITS TO IMPLEMENT SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES
1
2
3
4
5
Ave
rage
sco
re
2007
2010
2013
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WHY NOT IMPLEMENT SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Staff opposition
Customer opposition
Lack of interest within the organization
Lack of interest within the consumer base
Lack of professional network
Lack of control over customer behavior
Lack of information
External restrictions on operations
Time and energy
Initial financial costs
Percentage of respondents
Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree
© 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
CROSS-YEAR COMPARISON IN PERCEIVED DIFFICULTIES TO IMPLEMENT SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES
1 2 3 4 5
Initial financial costs
Time and energy
Lack of information
External restrictions on operations
Lack of interest within the consumer…
Lack of interest within the organization
Staff opposition
Customer opposition
Average score
2013
2010
2007
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ENERGY EFFICIENCY PRACTICES
IN 2013
0 20 40 60 80
Use renewable energy sources
Operation schedules include an energy audit/assessment of thefacility by a qualified professional
Replace electric package terminal air conditioner (PTAC) unitswith more efficient heat pump technologies
Install window film to lower heating and cooling loads andreduce glare
Use occupancy sensors or timers to control lighting andvending machines in intermittent-use areas
Replace exit signs with light emitting diode (LED) Exit signs
Provide customers with ideas about energy conservationpractices
Use light emitting diode (LED) bulbs
Use an energy management system (EMS) to preventcirculating air, heating, cooling, and lighting while not necessary
Equipment is installed with or replaced by the Energy Starqualified equipment
Include periodic HVAC tune-up in our preventative maintenanceschedule
Use compact fluorescent light bulbs
Use daylight to the greatest possible extent
Percentage of respondents
Completed/Ongoing
Just beginning
Under consideration
No attempt
© 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
CROSS-YEAR DIFFERENCE IN IMPLEMENTING TWO ENERGY EFFICIENCY PRACTICES
Equipment is Energy Star
qualified
Use compact fluorescent light
bulbs
0
10
20
30
40
50
2007 2010 2013
No attempt Under consideration
Just beginning Completed/Ongoing
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2007 2010 2013
No attempt Under consideration
Just beginning Completed/Ongoing
© 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
WATER CONSERVATION
PRACTICES IN 2013
0 20 40 60 80 100
Have a reclaimed water system
install automatic run-off water taps
Collect rainwater/stormwater to use wheneverpossible
Provide customers with ideas for waterconservation practices
Install new or replace equipment with U.S.Environmental Protection Agency's WaterSense-
labeled products
Our water plan monitors, records, and posts ratesof water use, and makes repairs or replaces
equipment when rate changes indicate problems
Install water-saving fixtures/devices
Seep or vacumm instead of wash down largeareas such as sidewalks and driveways
Include regular testing for and repairing of leaksin preventive maintenance program
Properly dispose of hazadous chemicals andavoid disposing them into the sink and toilet
Percentage of respondents
Completed/ Ongoing
Just beginning
Under consideration
No attempt
© 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
CROSS-YEAR DIFFERENCE IN IMPLEMENTING WATER CONSERVATION PRACTICES
The large areas are swept or vacuumed instead of
washed down
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2007 2010 2013
No attempt
Under consideration
Just beginning
Completed/Ongoing
© 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
LANDSCAPING/WILDLIFE
PRACTICES IN 2013
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Use residual pesticides or herbicides in landscaping
Use interpretative signs on nature to instruct customers
Switch to drought resistent native plants, and/or replacemowed landscaping with native ground cover in garden areas
Provide publications to offer information on native plants andwildlife
Use an integrated pest management system to reduce oreliminate the need for toxic insecticides and pesticides
Promote the Leave No Trace princples to customers andemployees
Compost landscaping wastes
Ensure that usual noise levels from all activities at the site arenot significantly more than the background noise in nearby…
Retain or include the native vegetation in landscaping
Facility design & construction reflects the natural surroundingsand culture of the area
Irrigation watering takes place in early morning or at night
Wildlife observation done from a remote distance and avoidedduring sensitive times of the year
Percentage of respondents
Completed/ Ongoing
Just beginning
Under consideration
No attempt
© 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES + QOL
Opportunities to reduce difficulties to
implement sustainable practices To
increase implementation
Opportunities to further implement some
sustainable practices
© 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
3 IDEAS FOR RESEARCH IN THE NEXT 3 TO 5 YEARS?! BURNING QUESTIONS…
Thanks to
Carlson Chair for Travel, Tourism & Hospitality,
UMN Central Regional
Sustainable Development Partnership!
© 2014 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
SELECT UMN RESOURCES OF INTEREST Tourism Center
– www.tourism.umn.edu; 612 624 4947
Sustainability
– MnTechnical Assistance Program
– Clean Energy Resource Team
– Center for sustainable Building Design
Economic impact
– http://www.extension.umn.edu/community/eco
nomic-impact-analysis/ 507-337-2814